基于分布式下垂控制的微电网分布式储能系统SOC平衡策略
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摘要
针对孤岛交流微电网中的分布式储能系统(DESS)采用传统的P-f下垂控制时出现的荷电状态(SOC)不平衡问题,提出一种分布式下垂控制。该方案通过在传统的P-f下垂控制基础加入SOC平衡因子控制逆变器输出的有功功率,从而实现不同容量的DESS充电和放电过程中SOC平衡,并且在SOC平衡过程中频率不会发生偏移。当SOC平衡以后,SOC平衡因子为1,控制算法自动变为传统的P-f下垂控制。由于下垂系数一般很小,频率可以保持在规定的范围(±1%)内。此外,通过调节SOC的下垂系数,可以调节SOC的平衡速度。最后,不同工况下的仿真和实验结果验证了所提方案的有效性。
When distributed energy storage systems(DESS) in islanded ac microgrid are controlled by conventional P-f droop control, the state-of-charge(SOC) of DESS is unbalanced. In order to balance the SOC of DESS with different capacities, a distributed droop control is proposed in this paper. The SOC balancing in the process of DESS charging and discharging can be realized without frequency deviation by adding a SOC balancing factor to the conventional P-f droop control. The value of SOC balancing factor is 1 after SOC balancing, and the control algorithm changes to the conventional P-f droop control automatically. Since the droop coefficient of conventional droop control is usually very small, the frequency can be kept within the specified range(±1%). Besides, the SOC balancing speed can be adjusted by changing the droop coefficient. Finally, the simulation and experimental results in different conditions show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
When distributed energy storage systems(DESS) in islanded ac microgrid are controlled by conventional P-f droop control, the state-of-charge(SOC) of DESS is unbalanced. In order to balance the SOC of DESS with different capacities, a distributed droop control is proposed in this paper. The SOC balancing in the process of DESS charging and discharging can be realized without frequency deviation by adding a SOC balancing factor to the conventional P-f droop control. The value of SOC balancing factor is 1 after SOC balancing, and the control algorithm changes to the conventional P-f droop control automatically. Since the droop coefficient of conventional droop control is usually very small, the frequency can be kept within the specified range(±1%). Besides, the SOC balancing speed can be adjusted by changing the droop coefficient. Finally, the simulation and experimental results in different conditions show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
引文
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[20]Lu Xiaonan,Sun Kai,Guerrero J M,et al.Droopcontrol-based state-of-charge balancing method for charging and discharging process in autonomous DC microgrids[C]//23rd International Symposium on Industrial Electronics,Istanbul,Turkey,2014:2359-2364.
[21]Guan Yajuan,Meng Lexuan,Li Chendan,et al.Discharge rate balancing control strategy based on dynamic consensus algorithm for energy storage units in AC microgrids[C]//2017 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition(APEC),Tampa,FL,USA,2017:2788-2794.
[2]Li Y W,Vilathgamuwa D M,Loh P C.Design,analysis,and realtime testing of a controller for multibus microgrid system[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2004,19(5):1195-1204.
[3]Thounthong P,Rael S,Davat B.Control algorithm of fuel cell and batteries for distributed generation system[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2008,23(1):148-155.
[4]Miao Z,Xu L,Disfani V R,et al.An SOC-based battery management system for microgrids[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2014,5(2):966-973.
[5]Manenti A Abba,Merati A,Savaresi S M,et al.A new BMS architecture based on cell redundancy[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2011,58(9):4314-4322.
[6]Lee Y S,Cheng M W.Intelligent control battery equalization for series connected lithium-ion battery strings[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2005,52(5):1297-1307.
[7]Lu X,Sun K,Guerrero J M,et al.State-of-charge balance using adaptive droop control for distributed energy storage systems in DC microgrid application[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2014,61(6):2804-2815.
[8]Lu X,Sun K,Guerrero J M.Double-quadrant state-of-charge-based droop control method for distributed energy storage systems in autonomous DC microgrids[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2015,6(1):147-157.
[9]王炜信,段建东,张润松,等.孤岛电网中多储能设备SOC一致性优化策略[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(23):126-135.Wang Weixin,Duan Jiandong,Zhang Runsong,et al.Optimal state-of-charge balancing control for paralleled battery energy storage devices in islanded microgrid[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(23):126-135.
[10]Sun Xiaofeng,Hao Yancong,Wu Qingfeng,et al.A multifunctional and wireless droop control for distributed energy storage units in islanded AC microgrid applications[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2017,32(1):736-751.
[11]彭思敏,窦真兰,凌志斌,等.并联型储能系统孤网运行协调控制策略[J].电工技术学报,2013,28(5):128-134.Peng Simin,Dou Zhenlan,Ling Zhibin,et al.Cooperative control for parallel-connected battery energy storage system of islanded power system[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2013,28(5):128-134.
[12]艾洪克,吴俊勇,郝亮亮,等.级联式储能系统中电池自均衡控制策略研究[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(14):442-449.Ai Hongke,Wu Junyong,Hao Liangliang,et al.Research on battery self-balancing control strategy in cascade energy storage system[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(14):442-449.
[13]Morstyn T,Hredzak B,Agelidis V G.Distributed cooperative control of microgrid storage[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2014,31(12):1-10.
[14]刘辉,魏岩岩,汪旎,等.电动汽车入网一次调频控制策略研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2015,43(23):90-95.Liu Hui,Wei Yanyan,Wang Ni,et al.V2G control for EVs participating in primary frequency regulation[J].Power System Protection and Control,2015,43(23):90-95.
[15]Zhou Khambadkone H,Bhattacharya T,Duong T,et al.Composite energy storage system involving battery and ultracapacitor with dynamic energy management in microgrid applications[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2011,26(3):923-930.
[16]Vandoorn T L,De Kooning J D M,Meersman B,et al.Automatic power sharing modification of P/V droop controllers in low-voltage resistive micro-grids[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2012,27(4):2318-2325.
[17]芦思晨,潘再平.无储能风电微网系统的下垂控制策略[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(18):169-175.Lu Sichen,Pan Zaiping.Droop control strategy of wind power microgrid system without energy storage device[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(18):169-175.
[18]Mazumder S K,Tahir M,Acharya K.Master-slave current-sharing control of a parallel DC-DC converter system over an RF communication interface[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2008,55(1):59-66.
[19]Abdelaziz M M A,Shaaban M F,Farag H E,et al.A multistage centralized control scheme for islanded microgrids with PEV[J].IEEE Transactions on Sustain Energy,2014,5(3):927-937.
[20]Lu Xiaonan,Sun Kai,Guerrero J M,et al.Droopcontrol-based state-of-charge balancing method for charging and discharging process in autonomous DC microgrids[C]//23rd International Symposium on Industrial Electronics,Istanbul,Turkey,2014:2359-2364.
[21]Guan Yajuan,Meng Lexuan,Li Chendan,et al.Discharge rate balancing control strategy based on dynamic consensus algorithm for energy storage units in AC microgrids[C]//2017 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition(APEC),Tampa,FL,USA,2017:2788-2794.