含多虚拟同步发电机的微电网二次调频策略
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摘要
针对微电网低惯性特性使得其频率易受负荷波动影响而偏移出额定值的问题,提出一种基于虚拟同步发电机(VSG)的二次调频方法。首先,在分析电力系统调频原理的基础上,提出了在VSG功频控制中引入二次调频控制器来实现频率的无差控制。其次,针对含多个VSG并联运行且都参与二次调频的情况,通过对二次调频控制环节进行改进,使VSG不需要借助于微电网中央控制器间的协调控制,即可实现无差调频。同时,该策略的提出使得VSG能够根据自身额定容量自主分配负荷功率,提高了微电网经济运行能力。最后,仿真结果和实验结论验证了所提理论分析的正确性和实用性,所提方法可有效地改善微电网的频率特性和经济运行特性。
Due to the low inertia characteristic of microgrid, its frequency is susceptible to load fluctuation and deviates from rated value. Thus, a strategy of secondary frequency regulation based on virtual synchronous generator is presented. Firstly, according to the analysis of the frequency regulation principle of power system, the secondary frequency regulation controller of VSG is introduced in active power-frequency control to realize the frequent deviation-free control. Additionally, VSGs that are involved in the secondary frequency regulation can achieve no difference frequency regulation by improving the secondary frequency regulation control link in microgrid. The whole process does not rely on the coordinated control of microgrid central controller. Meanwhile, the proposed strategy allows VSG to allocate load power according to its own rated capacity, and improves the economic operation capability of microgrid. Finally, the proposed control method is verified by simulations and experiments. The proposed method effectively improves the frequency and economic operation characteristic of the microgrid.
Due to the low inertia characteristic of microgrid, its frequency is susceptible to load fluctuation and deviates from rated value. Thus, a strategy of secondary frequency regulation based on virtual synchronous generator is presented. Firstly, according to the analysis of the frequency regulation principle of power system, the secondary frequency regulation controller of VSG is introduced in active power-frequency control to realize the frequent deviation-free control. Additionally, VSGs that are involved in the secondary frequency regulation can achieve no difference frequency regulation by improving the secondary frequency regulation control link in microgrid. The whole process does not rely on the coordinated control of microgrid central controller. Meanwhile, the proposed strategy allows VSG to allocate load power according to its own rated capacity, and improves the economic operation capability of microgrid. Finally, the proposed control method is verified by simulations and experiments. The proposed method effectively improves the frequency and economic operation characteristic of the microgrid.
引文
[1]孙孝峰,郝彦丛,赵巍,等.孤岛微电网无通信功率均分和电压恢复研究[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(1):55-61.Sun Xiaofeng,Hao Yancong,Zhao Wei,et al.Research of power sharing and voltage restoration without communication for islanded microgrid[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(1):55-61.
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[6]周乐明,罗安,陈燕东,等.一种低延时鲁棒功率下垂控制方法[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(11):1-12.Zhou Leming,Luo An,Chen Yandong,et al.A lowdelay robust droop control method[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(11):1-12.
[7]李霞林,郭力,王成山.微网主从控制模式下的稳定性分析[J].电工技术学报,2014,29(2):24-34.Li Xialin,Guo Li,Wang Chengshan.Stability analysis in a master-slave control based micro-grid[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2014,29(2):24-34.
[8]芦思晨,潘再平.无储能风电微网系统的下垂控制策略[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(18):169-175.Lu Sichen,Pan Zaiping.Droop control strategy of wind power microgrid system without energy storage device[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(18):169-175.
[9]Beck H P,Hesse R.Virtual synchronous machine[C]//9th International Conference on Electrical Power Quality and Utilisation,Barcelona,Spain,2007:1-6.
[10]Zhong Q C,Weiss G.Synchronverters:inverters that mimic synchronous generators[J].IEEE Transactions on Electronics,2011,58(4):1259-1267.
[11]D'Arco S,Suul J A,Fosso O B.Control system tuning and stability analysis of virtual synchronous machines[C]//Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition,Denver,CO,USA,2013:2664-2671.
[12]Ashabani S M,Mohamed Y A I.A flexible control strategy for grid-connected and islanded microgrids with enhanced stability using nonlinear microgrid stabilizer[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2012,3(3):1291-1301.
[13]孟建辉,王毅,石新春,等.基于虚拟同步发电机的分布式逆变电源控制策略及参数分析[J].电工技术学报,2014,29(12):1-10.Meng Jianhui,Wang Yi,Shi Xinchun,et al.Control strategy and parameter analysis of distributed inverters based on VSG[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2014,29(12):1-10.
[14]Zhong Qingchang,Nguyen P L,Ma Zhenyu,et al.Self-synchronized synchronverters:inverters without a dedicated synchronization unit[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2014,29(2):617-630.
[15]梁英,盛万兴,钟庆昌,等.基于同步逆变器的微电网二次调频策略及特性分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(2):391-402.Lian Ying,Sheng Wanxing,Zhong Qingchang,et al.Secondary frequency regulation strategies and characteristic analysis of synchronverter-based microgrids[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(2):391-402.
[16]杨向真,苏建徽,丁明,等.微电网孤岛运行时的频率控制策略[J].电网技术,2010,34(1):164-168.Yang Xiangzhen,Su Jianhui,Ding Ming,et al.Research on frequency control for microgrid in islanded operation[J].Power System Technology,2010,34(1):164-168.
[17]徐诚,刘念,赵泓,等.基于电力系统二次调频原理的微电源频率控制策略[J].电力系统保护与制,2013(3):14-20.Xu Cheng,Liu Nian,Zhao Hong,et al.A novel frequency control strategy of micro-grid based on the secondary frequency regulation of power system[J].Power System Protection and Control,2013(3):14-20.
[18]Shafiee Q,Guerrero J M,Vasquez J C.Distributed secondary control for islanded microgrids-a novel approach[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2014,29(2):1018-1031.
[19]Simpson-Porco J W,Shafiee Q,Dorfler F,et al.Secondary frequency and voltage control of islanded microgrids via distributed averaging[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2015,62(11):7025-7038.
[20]Lu L Y,Chu C C.Consensus-based secondary frequency and voltage droop control of virtual synchronous generators for isolated AC microgrids[J].IEEE Journal on Emerging&Selected Topics in Circuits&Systems,2015,5(3):443-455.
[21]Chandrasena R P S,Shahnia F,Ghosh A,et al.Secondary control in microgrids for dynamic power sharing and voltage/frequency adjustment[C]//Power Engineering Conference,Perth,WA,Australia,2014:5363-5374.
[2]孙建龙,窦晓波,张子仲,等.直流对等式微电网混合储能系统协调控制策略[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(4):194-202.Sun Jianlong,Dou Xiaobo,Zhang Zizhong,et al.DC peer-to-peer coordinated control strategy of hybrid energy storage system for microgrid[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(4):194-202.
[3]曾正,赵荣祥,汤胜清,等.可再生能源分散接入用先进并网逆变器研究综述[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(24):1-12.Zeng Zheng,Zhao Rongxiang,Tang Shengqing,et al.An overview on advanced grid-connected inverters used for decentralized renewable energy resources[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(24):1-12.
[4]丁明,王伟胜,王秀丽,等.大规模光伏发电对电力系统影响综述[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(1):1-14.Ding Ming,Wang Weisheng,Wang Xiuli,et al.A review on the effect of large-scale PV generation on power systems[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(1):1-14.
[5]陈新,姬秋华,刘飞.基于微网主从结构的平滑切换控制策略[J].电工技术学报,2014,29(2):163-170.Chen Xin,Ji Qiuhua,Liu Fei.Smooth transferring control method of microgrids based on master-slave configuration[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2014,29(2):163-170.
[6]周乐明,罗安,陈燕东,等.一种低延时鲁棒功率下垂控制方法[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(11):1-12.Zhou Leming,Luo An,Chen Yandong,et al.A lowdelay robust droop control method[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(11):1-12.
[7]李霞林,郭力,王成山.微网主从控制模式下的稳定性分析[J].电工技术学报,2014,29(2):24-34.Li Xialin,Guo Li,Wang Chengshan.Stability analysis in a master-slave control based micro-grid[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2014,29(2):24-34.
[8]芦思晨,潘再平.无储能风电微网系统的下垂控制策略[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(18):169-175.Lu Sichen,Pan Zaiping.Droop control strategy of wind power microgrid system without energy storage device[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(18):169-175.
[9]Beck H P,Hesse R.Virtual synchronous machine[C]//9th International Conference on Electrical Power Quality and Utilisation,Barcelona,Spain,2007:1-6.
[10]Zhong Q C,Weiss G.Synchronverters:inverters that mimic synchronous generators[J].IEEE Transactions on Electronics,2011,58(4):1259-1267.
[11]D'Arco S,Suul J A,Fosso O B.Control system tuning and stability analysis of virtual synchronous machines[C]//Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition,Denver,CO,USA,2013:2664-2671.
[12]Ashabani S M,Mohamed Y A I.A flexible control strategy for grid-connected and islanded microgrids with enhanced stability using nonlinear microgrid stabilizer[J].IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,2012,3(3):1291-1301.
[13]孟建辉,王毅,石新春,等.基于虚拟同步发电机的分布式逆变电源控制策略及参数分析[J].电工技术学报,2014,29(12):1-10.Meng Jianhui,Wang Yi,Shi Xinchun,et al.Control strategy and parameter analysis of distributed inverters based on VSG[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2014,29(12):1-10.
[14]Zhong Qingchang,Nguyen P L,Ma Zhenyu,et al.Self-synchronized synchronverters:inverters without a dedicated synchronization unit[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2014,29(2):617-630.
[15]梁英,盛万兴,钟庆昌,等.基于同步逆变器的微电网二次调频策略及特性分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(2):391-402.Lian Ying,Sheng Wanxing,Zhong Qingchang,et al.Secondary frequency regulation strategies and characteristic analysis of synchronverter-based microgrids[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(2):391-402.
[16]杨向真,苏建徽,丁明,等.微电网孤岛运行时的频率控制策略[J].电网技术,2010,34(1):164-168.Yang Xiangzhen,Su Jianhui,Ding Ming,et al.Research on frequency control for microgrid in islanded operation[J].Power System Technology,2010,34(1):164-168.
[17]徐诚,刘念,赵泓,等.基于电力系统二次调频原理的微电源频率控制策略[J].电力系统保护与制,2013(3):14-20.Xu Cheng,Liu Nian,Zhao Hong,et al.A novel frequency control strategy of micro-grid based on the secondary frequency regulation of power system[J].Power System Protection and Control,2013(3):14-20.
[18]Shafiee Q,Guerrero J M,Vasquez J C.Distributed secondary control for islanded microgrids-a novel approach[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2014,29(2):1018-1031.
[19]Simpson-Porco J W,Shafiee Q,Dorfler F,et al.Secondary frequency and voltage control of islanded microgrids via distributed averaging[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2015,62(11):7025-7038.
[20]Lu L Y,Chu C C.Consensus-based secondary frequency and voltage droop control of virtual synchronous generators for isolated AC microgrids[J].IEEE Journal on Emerging&Selected Topics in Circuits&Systems,2015,5(3):443-455.
[21]Chandrasena R P S,Shahnia F,Ghosh A,et al.Secondary control in microgrids for dynamic power sharing and voltage/frequency adjustment[C]//Power Engineering Conference,Perth,WA,Australia,2014:5363-5374.