典型Ⅱ_2-Ⅲ过渡型褐煤近地质条件下生排油模拟研究
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摘要
煤作为一类有机质高度富集的烃源岩,在生油窗内其生排油能力一直存在着争议。以未成熟典型Ⅱ_2-Ⅲ过渡型褐煤为例,利用自研的DK-Ⅱ型地层孔隙热压生排烃模拟实验仪,开展煤在有限空间体系内,在不同温度、上覆压力负载和水介质流体压力共同作用下的生排油模拟研究。模拟实验结果表明:在成熟度R_o≤0.82%的各个演化阶段,煤均以生油为主,阶段生油产率显著高于生气产率,成熟度0.68≤R_o≤0.82%阶段,为煤主生油阶段,该阶段的生油量占总生油量的53.66%;在成熟度R_o>0.82%的各个演化阶段,煤均以生气为主。煤不仅可以生油,而且当总油产率达到30 mg/g TOC左右时就可以有效排油,主生油窗内煤岩的排油能力优于泥岩烃源岩。煤在主生油窗内的烃气和二氧化碳产率显著高于泥质烃源岩的烃气和二氧化碳产率,应是造成煤成油可以高效排油的重要因素。
The potential of oil generation and expulsion within the oil-window of coal as a kind of source rocks with high rich-organic matter is controversial for a long time.Study on the simulation of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion for an immature typical brown coal with transitional organic matter type Ⅱ_2-Ⅲ in confined system,under the conditions of water existing,different temperature,overburden and internal fluid pressure,was carried out,using DK- Ⅱhydrocarbon generation and expulsion simulation experimental instrument. The results of simulation experiment show that coal mainly generates oil at each evolution stage of the maturity R_o≤0.82%,and the yield of generation oil is obvious higher than the yield of generation hydrocarbon gas,the main oil generation stage of coal is at 0. 68 ≤ R_o≤0. 82%,the percentage of episodic quantity of generated oil to total oil is 53.66%; and coal mainly generates hydrocarbon gas at each evolution stage of the maturity R_o>0.82%. Coal not only can generate oil,but also can expel oil withhigh efficiency when the oil yield reaches about 30 mg/g TOC,the percentage of expulsion oil of coal is obvious higher than the percentage of expulsion of mudstone within main oil-window.The yields of hydrocarbon gas and CO_2 of coal is obvious higher than the yields of hydrocarbon gas and CO_2 of mudstone within main oil-window.This may be an important factor causing coal with higher expulsion oil efficiency.
The potential of oil generation and expulsion within the oil-window of coal as a kind of source rocks with high rich-organic matter is controversial for a long time.Study on the simulation of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion for an immature typical brown coal with transitional organic matter type Ⅱ_2-Ⅲ in confined system,under the conditions of water existing,different temperature,overburden and internal fluid pressure,was carried out,using DK- Ⅱhydrocarbon generation and expulsion simulation experimental instrument. The results of simulation experiment show that coal mainly generates oil at each evolution stage of the maturity R_o≤0.82%,and the yield of generation oil is obvious higher than the yield of generation hydrocarbon gas,the main oil generation stage of coal is at 0. 68 ≤ R_o≤0. 82%,the percentage of episodic quantity of generated oil to total oil is 53.66%; and coal mainly generates hydrocarbon gas at each evolution stage of the maturity R_o>0.82%. Coal not only can generate oil,but also can expel oil withhigh efficiency when the oil yield reaches about 30 mg/g TOC,the percentage of expulsion oil of coal is obvious higher than the percentage of expulsion of mudstone within main oil-window.The yields of hydrocarbon gas and CO_2 of coal is obvious higher than the yields of hydrocarbon gas and CO_2 of mudstone within main oil-window.This may be an important factor causing coal with higher expulsion oil efficiency.
引文
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[22]陈建平,赵长毅,何忠华.煤系有机质生烃潜力评价标准探讨[J].石油勘探与开发,1997,24(1):1-5.Chen Jianping,Zhao Changyi,He Zhonghua.Criteria for evaluating the hydrocarbon generating potential of organic matter in coal measures[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,1997,24(1):1-5.
[23]钟宁宁,王铁冠,熊波,等.煤系低熟油形成机制及其意义[J].江汉石油学院学报,1995,17(1):1-7.Zhong Ningning,Wang Tieguan,Xiong Bo,et al.The mechanisms of immature oil generation in coal-bearing sequences and its significances[J].Journal of Jianghan Petroleum Institute,1995,17(1):1-7.
[24]Durand B,Paratte M.Oil potential of coal:A geochemistrical approach[A].Brooks J.Petroleum Geochemistry and Exploration of Europe,Geological Society Special Publication 12[C].Oxford:Blackwell Scientific,1983:255-265.
[25]Kreuser T,Schramedei R.Gas prone source rocks from Cratogene Karoo basin in Tanzania[J].Journal of Petroleum Geology,1988,11(2):169-184.
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[27]刘全有,刘文汇,王长华.依据热模拟实验动态建立煤成烃模式[J].天然气地球科学,2009,20(1):20-25.Liu Quanyou,Liu Wenhui,Wang Changhua.Mathematical simulation of coal-generating hydrocarbons based on pyrolysis products from coal macerals under closed system[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2009,20(1):20-25.
[28]Boreham C J,Horsfield B,Schenk H J.Predicting the quantities of oil and gas generated from Australian Permian coals,Bowen basin using pyrolytic methods[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,1999,16(2):165-185.
[29]Littke R,Leythaeuser D.Migration of oil and gas in coals[A].Fleet A J.Coal and coal-bearing strata as oil-prone source rocks[C].London:Geological Society Special Publication,1994,77:107-116.
[30]李明诚.石油与天然气运移[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2004,35-125.
[31]Huc A Y,Durand B,Roucachet J,et al.Comparison of three series of organic matter of continental origin[J].Organic Geochemistry,1986,10(1):65-72.
[32]Lin Baiquan,Li He,Yuan Desheng,et al.Development and application of an efficient gas extraction model for low-rank high-gas coal beds[J].International Journal of Coal Science&Technology,2015,2(1):76-83.
[33]冯子军,赵阳升.煤的热解破裂过程-孔裂隙演化的显微CT细观特征[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(1):103-108.Feng Zijun,Zhao Yangsheng.Pyrolytic cracking in coal:Meso-characteristics of pore and fissure evolution observed by microCT[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(1):103-108.
[2]戴金星,王庭斌,宋岩,等.中国大中型天然气田形成条件与分布规律[M].北京:地质出版社,1997:184-198.
[3]王东良,刘宝泉,国建英,等.塔里木盆地煤系烃源岩生排烃模拟实验[J].石油与天然气地质,2001,22(1):38-41.Wang Dongliang,Liu Baoquan,Guo Jianying,et al.Simulation test of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion for source rocks of coal-measures in Tarim basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2001,22(1):38-41.
[4]姚素平,张景荣,胡文瑄,等.鄂尔多斯盆地中生界煤成烃潜力的实验研究[J].煤田地质与勘探,2004,32(1):24-28.Yao Suping,Zhang Jingrong,Hu Wenxuan,et al.Experimental study of hydrocarbon generation potentiality of Mesozoic coal measure,Ordos basin[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,2004,32(1):24-28.
[5]戴卿林,刘新华,傅家谟.排烃作用地球化学研究现状与趋势[J].华南理工大学学报(自然科学版),1996,24(S1):83-87.Dai Qinglin,Liu Xinhua,Fu Jiamo.Present status and development of geochemical research on hydrocarbon expulsion effects[J].Journal of South China University of Technology(Natural Science),1996,24(S1):83-87.
[6]戴卿林.煤成油排驱效率模拟实验[J].石油与天然气地质,1998,19(1):24-28.Dai Qinglin.Simulation experiments of expulsion efficiency from coalformed oil[J].Oil&Gas Geology,1998,19(1):24-28.
[7]Huc A Y,Durand B,Roucachet J,et al.Comparison of three series of organic matter of continental origin[J].Organic Geochemistry,1986,10(1):65-72.
[8]卢双舫,赵锡嘏,黄第藩,等.煤成烃的生成和运移的模拟实验研究-Ⅰ.气态和液态产物及其演化[J].石油实验地质,1994,16(3):290-302.Lu Shuangfang,Zhao Xigu,Huang Difan,et al.Modeling experiments on the generation and migration of coal-derived hydrocarbons:Ⅰ.The characteristics of gaseous and liquid hydrocarbon products and their evolutions[J].Experimental Petroleum Geology,1994,16(3):290-302.
[9]李荣西,金奎励,杨友运.煤源岩孔隙演化与煤成油气初次运移研究[J].中国煤田地质,1998,10(1):1-4.Li Rongxi,Jin Kuili,Yang Youyun.The initial migration of the hydrocarbon from the coal and the porous texture of the coal as source rocks[J].Coal Geology of China,1998,10(1):1-4.
[10]何伟钢,金奎励,郝多虎.煤中单组分湿式高压釜热模拟实验研究——以海拉尔盆地伊敏组褐煤为例[J].石油实验地质,2004,26(1):89-93.He Weigang,Jin Kuili,Hao Duohu.Thermal simulation experiment research of single maceral in coals with a watered pressure vessel[J].Pertoleum Geology&Experiment,2004,26(1):89-93.
[11]毛榕.煤系源岩的生烃特征、机制和生气下限研究[D].武汉:长江大学,2013:1-47.Mao Rong.Research on the hydrocarbon generation characteristics,mechanism and deadline of coaly source rocks[D].Wuhan:Changjiang University,2013:1-47.
[12]李志明,郑伦举,马中良,等.烃源岩有限空间油气生排模拟及其意义[J].石油实验地质,2011,33(5):447-459.Li Zhiming,Zheng Lunju,Ma Zhongliang,et al.Simulation of source rock for hydrocarbon generation and expulsion in finite space and its significance[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2011,33(5):447-459.
[13]马中良,郑伦举,李志明.烃源岩有限空间温压共控生排烃模拟实验研究[J].沉积学报,2012,30(5):955-963.Ma Zhongliang,Zheng Lunju,Li Zhiming.The thermocompression simulation experiment of source rock hydrocarbon generation and expulsion in formation porosity[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2012,30(5):955-963.
[14]关德范,徐旭辉,李志明,等.烃源岩有限空间生烃理论与应用[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2014:49-63.
[15]陈建平,孙永革,钟宁宁,等.地质条件下湖相烃源岩生排烃效率与模式[J].地质学报,2014,88(11):2005-2032.Chen Jianping,Sun Yongge,Zhong Ningning,et al.The efficiency and model of petroleum expulsion from the lacustrine source rocks within geological frame[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2014,88(11):2005-2032.
[16]陈中红,查明,金强.东营凹陷牛38井沙河街组烃源岩生排烃评价[J].地质科学,2004,39(3):356-366.Chen Zhonghong,Zha Ming,Jin Qiang.An investigation on generation and expulsion of hydrocarbon from source rocks of the Shahejie formation in the well Niu38,Dongying depression[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,2004,39(3):356-366.
[17]Price L C,Wenger L M.The influence of pressure on petroleum generation and maturation as suggested by aqueous pyrolysis[J].Organic Geochemistry,1992,19(2):141-159.
[18]Carr A D,Snape C E,Meredith W,et al.The effected of water pressure on hydrocarbon generation reactions:Some inferences from laboratory experiments[J].Petroleum Geoscience,2009,19:17-26.
[19]李志明,徐二社,秦建中,等.烃源岩评价中的若干问题[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2010,25(6):8-12,27.Li Zhiming,Xu Ershe,Qin Jianzhong,et al.Some problems on evaluation of source rock[J].Journal of Xi’an Shiyou University(Natural Science Edition),2010,25(6):8-12,27.
[20]罗霞,朱筱敏,谭明友.山东昌乐五图油页岩特征及形成环境[J].油气地质与采收率,2011,18(4):32-34.Luo Xia,Zhu Xiaomin,Tan Mingyou.Characteristics and depositional environment of oil shale,Wutu coalfield,Changle area,Shandong Province[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2011,18(4):32-34.
[21]秦祥胜.昌乐五图煤田油页岩地质特征及质量分析[J].山东国土资源,2015,31(4):36-39.Qin Xiangsheng.Geological characteristics and quality analysis of shale resource in Wutu coalfield in Changle city[J].Shandong Land and Resource,2015,31(4):36-39.
[22]陈建平,赵长毅,何忠华.煤系有机质生烃潜力评价标准探讨[J].石油勘探与开发,1997,24(1):1-5.Chen Jianping,Zhao Changyi,He Zhonghua.Criteria for evaluating the hydrocarbon generating potential of organic matter in coal measures[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,1997,24(1):1-5.
[23]钟宁宁,王铁冠,熊波,等.煤系低熟油形成机制及其意义[J].江汉石油学院学报,1995,17(1):1-7.Zhong Ningning,Wang Tieguan,Xiong Bo,et al.The mechanisms of immature oil generation in coal-bearing sequences and its significances[J].Journal of Jianghan Petroleum Institute,1995,17(1):1-7.
[24]Durand B,Paratte M.Oil potential of coal:A geochemistrical approach[A].Brooks J.Petroleum Geochemistry and Exploration of Europe,Geological Society Special Publication 12[C].Oxford:Blackwell Scientific,1983:255-265.
[25]Kreuser T,Schramedei R.Gas prone source rocks from Cratogene Karoo basin in Tanzania[J].Journal of Petroleum Geology,1988,11(2):169-184.
[26]赵长毅,程克明.煤成油排驱机理与初次运移[J].中国科学(D辑),1998,28(1):47-52.Zhao Changyi,Cheng Keming.Expulsion and primary migration of the oil derived from coal[J].Science in China(Series D),1998,28(1):47-52.
[27]刘全有,刘文汇,王长华.依据热模拟实验动态建立煤成烃模式[J].天然气地球科学,2009,20(1):20-25.Liu Quanyou,Liu Wenhui,Wang Changhua.Mathematical simulation of coal-generating hydrocarbons based on pyrolysis products from coal macerals under closed system[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2009,20(1):20-25.
[28]Boreham C J,Horsfield B,Schenk H J.Predicting the quantities of oil and gas generated from Australian Permian coals,Bowen basin using pyrolytic methods[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,1999,16(2):165-185.
[29]Littke R,Leythaeuser D.Migration of oil and gas in coals[A].Fleet A J.Coal and coal-bearing strata as oil-prone source rocks[C].London:Geological Society Special Publication,1994,77:107-116.
[30]李明诚.石油与天然气运移[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2004,35-125.
[31]Huc A Y,Durand B,Roucachet J,et al.Comparison of three series of organic matter of continental origin[J].Organic Geochemistry,1986,10(1):65-72.
[32]Lin Baiquan,Li He,Yuan Desheng,et al.Development and application of an efficient gas extraction model for low-rank high-gas coal beds[J].International Journal of Coal Science&Technology,2015,2(1):76-83.
[33]冯子军,赵阳升.煤的热解破裂过程-孔裂隙演化的显微CT细观特征[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(1):103-108.Feng Zijun,Zhao Yangsheng.Pyrolytic cracking in coal:Meso-characteristics of pore and fissure evolution observed by microCT[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(1):103-108.