基于红花力学特性的梳夹式采摘机构的设计与试验
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摘要
由于红花特殊的物料特性,目前花丝尚未实现机械化采摘。为了提高红花的采摘效率及作业质量,以新疆区域主栽品种无刺红花为试验对象,对红花花丝进行夹持拉拔和压损试验。分析了含水率、拉拔速度即花丝夹持根数对花丝与种球之间抗拉力的影响,得到了抗拉力与各因素的参数关系及避免花丝损伤的可靠夹持力范围。对梳夹式采摘机构进行理论设计,推算出夹持力与花丝夹持根数、含水率及安全夹持摩擦因数的关系。根据夹持参数理论模型,结合红花夹持采摘的力学特性试验数据,搭建试验台,利用应变测力系统,对花丝的夹持采摘特性进行了测试。试验结果表明:实际夹持力测试数据与理论计算数据无显著性差别,从而验证了理论设计的可靠性。对开花3~4天、含水率60%~75%的红花植株进行采摘试验,其夹持采摘成功率达到80.2%。
In order to improve the picking efficiency of safflower,the research presented a method for safflower harvesting which by gripping picking,the premise is to put the seed ball fixed in the same plane solving the problem of seed ball rocking. This paper mainly focuses on the mechanical properties of safflower gripping picking in order to provide the basis for the design of the picking mechanism. Taking Xinjiang regional cultivars stingless safflower as object,the experiments of drawing,and pressure loss were made. Though analyzing the force of filaments under different distribution in picking teeth when gripping picking,the relationship between gripping force and the tensile resistance was established. According to the theory of gripping parameters model,combined with the mechanical properties of safflower gripping picking test data,one filaments gripping picking mechanism was designed. Then test of physical prototype,filaments clamping picking tested. Under the condition of safflower bloomed 3-4 days with moisture content of 60%-75%,the picking effect of harvest experiment is better,gripping harvest success rate to 80. 2%.
In order to improve the picking efficiency of safflower,the research presented a method for safflower harvesting which by gripping picking,the premise is to put the seed ball fixed in the same plane solving the problem of seed ball rocking. This paper mainly focuses on the mechanical properties of safflower gripping picking in order to provide the basis for the design of the picking mechanism. Taking Xinjiang regional cultivars stingless safflower as object,the experiments of drawing,and pressure loss were made. Though analyzing the force of filaments under different distribution in picking teeth when gripping picking,the relationship between gripping force and the tensile resistance was established. According to the theory of gripping parameters model,combined with the mechanical properties of safflower gripping picking test data,one filaments gripping picking mechanism was designed. Then test of physical prototype,filaments clamping picking tested. Under the condition of safflower bloomed 3-4 days with moisture content of 60%-75%,the picking effect of harvest experiment is better,gripping harvest success rate to 80. 2%.
引文
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[2]席鹏洲,张燕,马存德,等.不同采收时间对红花质量的影响[J].现代中药研究与实践,2016(3):1-3,20.
[3]王晓华.红花采收装置的设计及研究[D].石河子:石河子大学,2015.
[4]葛云,张立新,谷家伟,等.对辊式红花采收装置参数优化及试验[J].农业工程学报,2015(21):35-42.
[5]葛云,张立新,韩丹丹,等.收获期红花丝力学特性与形态特性测定与分析[J].农机化研究,2015,37(4):168-171.
[6]李景彬,王晓华,坎杂,等.红花的物料特性测定与分析[J].江苏农业科学,2014(2):235-237.
[7]韩丹丹.气力式红花花丝采收装置的设计及气流场模拟[D].石河子:石河子大学,2014.
[8]赵小磊,龚立雄,王林,等.河南产区红花药材最佳采收期的研究[J].中医学报,2010,25(4):704-705.
[9]阿孜古丽.红花丝机械化采收研究现状分析[J].新疆农机化,2015(4):7-10.
[10]韩绿化,毛罕平,胡建平,等.穴盘苗自动移栽钵体力学特性试验[J].农业工程学报,2013(2):24-29.
[11]范国昌,王惠新,籍俊杰,等.影响玉米摘穗过程中籽粒破碎和籽粒损失率的因素分析[J].农业工程学报,2002(4):72-74.
[12]陈燕,蔡伟亮,邹湘军,等.荔枝的力学特性测试及其有限元分析[J].农业工程学报,2011(12):358-363,443.