中国赛艇队女子四人双桨项目北京奥运周期训练特征研究
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摘要
以我国女子四人双桨在北京周期夺取金牌的整个周期训练特征为研究对象,采用文献资料法、专家访谈法、观察法等,从不同训练年度的训练内容、方法与手段、负荷等维度来探讨女子四人双桨的训练特征,为女子四人双桨的今后备战提供现实和理论支持。结论为:整个北京周期女子四人双桨整体训练特征包括坚持有氧训练的重要地位;坚持高原训练平原化;水上各级能力训练负荷量呈现"两极化"结构特征;专项能力训练体现"以长促短""以短促长"兼具特征;速度能力训练的比例逐年加大并贯穿于整个突破年;力量训练呈现最大力量-力量耐力的周期序列模式;高度重视个体能力训练的配艇基础作用。
With Chinese women's quadruple sculls as subject, and based on literature review, expert interview and observation, the authors discussed the training characteristicsfrom the dimension of training content in different years, training methods and means and training load to provide practical and theoretical support for future preparation for the Olympics. The characteristics of women's quadruple sculls in Beijing Olympic cycle include: persisting in the important role of aerobic training; insisting on the training concept of "arrange the same training load on the plateau and plains"; training load on water showing the structure of "polarization"; special ability training having the characteristics of "long for short" and "short for long"; the proportion of speed ability training increased year by year and throughout the year; strength training shows the maximal strength-strength endurance model; attaching great importance to the individual ability training in boat rowers selection.
With Chinese women's quadruple sculls as subject, and based on literature review, expert interview and observation, the authors discussed the training characteristicsfrom the dimension of training content in different years, training methods and means and training load to provide practical and theoretical support for future preparation for the Olympics. The characteristics of women's quadruple sculls in Beijing Olympic cycle include: persisting in the important role of aerobic training; insisting on the training concept of "arrange the same training load on the plateau and plains"; training load on water showing the structure of "polarization"; special ability training having the characteristics of "long for short" and "short for long"; the proportion of speed ability training increased year by year and throughout the year; strength training shows the maximal strength-strength endurance model; attaching great importance to the individual ability training in boat rowers selection.
引文
[1]田麦久. 运动训练学[M].北京:人民体育出版社,2000.
[2]陈小平.当代运动训练热点问题研究[M].北京:北京体育大学出版社,2005.
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[7]施泰纳克.赛艇训练中的生理特点[J]. 奥运项目信息赛艇皮划艇,1996(2):2-8.
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[9]宋应华.赛艇运动员训练负荷诊断与监测:负荷强度和量的评价[J].天津体育学院学报,2010,25(4):332-335.
[10]余银.国家皮划艇队重点项目奥运基础年训练模式特征研究[D].武汉:武汉体育学院,2015:62.
[11]Friskerstrand A,K S Seiler.Training and performance characteristics among Norwegian international rowers 1970-2001[J].Scand J Med Sci Sports,2003(14):303-310.
[12]Hagerman F.C.,M.C.Connors,J.A.Gault.Energy Expenditure During Simulated Rowing[J].Appl.Physiol,1978,45 (1):87-93.
[13]施泰纳克.赛艇运动员世界锦标赛前的训练[J].奥运项目信息赛艇皮划艇,1999(3):1-7.
[14]Cyril Petibois,Georges Cazorla,Jacques Poortmans,et al.Biochemical Aspects of Overtraining In Endurance Sports[J].Sports Med,2002,32(13):867-878.
[15]Dressengorfer R.H.l.Effects of 7 Successive Days of Unaccustomed Prolonged Exercise on Aerobic Performance and Tissue Damage in Fitness Joggers[J].Int.J.Sports Med,1991(12):55-61.
[16]周学军.赛艇运动的项目特性及训练指导思想[J].湖北体育科技,2001(3):35-36.
[17]杜忠林,王武韶,顾军.优秀赛艇运动员无氧阈增长幅度的分析[J].中国运动医学杂志,2000,19(1):92-95.
[18]Seiler S,Haugen O,Kuffel E.Autonomic recovery after exercise in trained athletes:Intensity and duration effects[J].Med Sci Sports Exerc,2007,39(8):1366-1373.
[19]Stepto N K,Hawley J A,Dennis S C,et al.Effects of different intervaltraining programs on cycling time-trial performance[J].Med Sci Sports Exerc,1999(3):736-741.
[20]Lehmann M,Baumgartl P,Wiesenack C,et al.Training-overtraining:influence of a defined increase in training volume vs training intensity on performance,catecholamines and some metabolic parameters in experienced middle and long distance runners[J].Eur J Appl Physiol,1992(64):169-177.
[21]Josy Verdonkschot.亚洲赛艇联合会[R].亚洲赛艇教练员大会,2016.
[22]Hagerman F.C.,M.C.Connors,J.A.Gault.Energy Expenditure During Simulated Rowing[J].Appl.Physiol,1978,45 (1):87-93.
[23]陈小平. 有氧训练——提高我国耐力项目运动水平的关键[J]. 体育科学,2004,24(11):45-50.
[2]陈小平.当代运动训练热点问题研究[M].北京:北京体育大学出版社,2005.
[3]Alte Nburg D.The German talent-identification and talentdevelopment program[A].In:FISA's Youth Junior Rowing and Sculling Guide.H.Perry and I.Dieterle(Eds)[R]. Lausanne,Switzerland:FISA,1997.
[4]Jensen,K.,N.H.Secher,and M.Smith.Analysis of the Italian national training porgram for rowing[J].FISA Coach,1990(1):1-5.
[5]Thor S.Nilsen:Manual for Rowing Training[M].FISA,2009.
[6]教材编写组.中国体育教练员岗位培训教材-赛艇[M].北京:人民体育出版社,2002:122.
[7]施泰纳克.赛艇训练中的生理特点[J]. 奥运项目信息赛艇皮划艇,1996(2):2-8.
[8]阿尔·莫罗. 阿尔·莫罗谈赛艇训练[J].赛艇技术资料,1996(1):1-20.
[9]宋应华.赛艇运动员训练负荷诊断与监测:负荷强度和量的评价[J].天津体育学院学报,2010,25(4):332-335.
[10]余银.国家皮划艇队重点项目奥运基础年训练模式特征研究[D].武汉:武汉体育学院,2015:62.
[11]Friskerstrand A,K S Seiler.Training and performance characteristics among Norwegian international rowers 1970-2001[J].Scand J Med Sci Sports,2003(14):303-310.
[12]Hagerman F.C.,M.C.Connors,J.A.Gault.Energy Expenditure During Simulated Rowing[J].Appl.Physiol,1978,45 (1):87-93.
[13]施泰纳克.赛艇运动员世界锦标赛前的训练[J].奥运项目信息赛艇皮划艇,1999(3):1-7.
[14]Cyril Petibois,Georges Cazorla,Jacques Poortmans,et al.Biochemical Aspects of Overtraining In Endurance Sports[J].Sports Med,2002,32(13):867-878.
[15]Dressengorfer R.H.l.Effects of 7 Successive Days of Unaccustomed Prolonged Exercise on Aerobic Performance and Tissue Damage in Fitness Joggers[J].Int.J.Sports Med,1991(12):55-61.
[16]周学军.赛艇运动的项目特性及训练指导思想[J].湖北体育科技,2001(3):35-36.
[17]杜忠林,王武韶,顾军.优秀赛艇运动员无氧阈增长幅度的分析[J].中国运动医学杂志,2000,19(1):92-95.
[18]Seiler S,Haugen O,Kuffel E.Autonomic recovery after exercise in trained athletes:Intensity and duration effects[J].Med Sci Sports Exerc,2007,39(8):1366-1373.
[19]Stepto N K,Hawley J A,Dennis S C,et al.Effects of different intervaltraining programs on cycling time-trial performance[J].Med Sci Sports Exerc,1999(3):736-741.
[20]Lehmann M,Baumgartl P,Wiesenack C,et al.Training-overtraining:influence of a defined increase in training volume vs training intensity on performance,catecholamines and some metabolic parameters in experienced middle and long distance runners[J].Eur J Appl Physiol,1992(64):169-177.
[21]Josy Verdonkschot.亚洲赛艇联合会[R].亚洲赛艇教练员大会,2016.
[22]Hagerman F.C.,M.C.Connors,J.A.Gault.Energy Expenditure During Simulated Rowing[J].Appl.Physiol,1978,45 (1):87-93.
[23]陈小平. 有氧训练——提高我国耐力项目运动水平的关键[J]. 体育科学,2004,24(11):45-50.