草原鼢鼠土丘与不同根系类型植物的关系
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摘要
本研究于2013—2015年的5月(春季)和9月(秋季),在锡林浩特市南部白银库伦牧场的天然草地监测草原鼢鼠(Myospalax aspalax)生境中植被情况及新旧土丘数量,采用偏冗余分析的方法研究了新旧土丘数量与植物地上生物量的干重、株丛数和物种数之间的关系。结果表明:5月鼢鼠新土丘数量与轴根型、根蘖型植物呈正相关且具有较大解释量;鼢鼠旧土丘数量与疏丛型植物呈正相关,与轴根型和根蘖型植物呈负相关,且具有较大解释量。9月鼢鼠新土丘数量与疏丛型、密丛型和根蘖型植物呈正相关且解释量较大;鼢鼠旧土丘与疏丛型、密丛型和根蘖型植物呈正相关且解释量较大。这些结果说明草原鼢鼠的挖掘造丘活动与微栖息地选择和食物资源有关,存在季节差异。轴根型和根蘖型植物对鼢鼠的春季活动有重要影响;疏丛型、密丛型和根蘖型植物对鼢鼠的秋季活动有重要影响。
An experiment with three quadrants(20 m×50 m) was conducted to monitor the locations of plants and the number of new and old mounds in the habitat of Myospalax aspalax in natural ground in Baiyinkulun pasture, Xinlinguole, Inner Mongolia from 2013 to 2015. The relationships between the number of new and old mounds and dry weight of overground plant biomass, plant number and species were analyzed by Partial RDA(Partial Redundancy Analysis). The results showed that in spring, the number of new zokor mounds was positively correlated with the axis-rooted system and creeping-root system which accounted for much of the variation. The number of old mounds of zokor was positively correlated with sparse grove system. The number of old mounds was negatively correlated with the axis-rooted system and creeping-root system, and accounted for much of the variation. In autumn, the number of new mounds of zokor was positively correlated with the sparse grove system, dense clumping system and creeping-root system, and accounted for much of the variation. The number of old zokor mounds was positively correlated with the sparse grove system, dense clumping system and creeping-rooted system, and accounted for much of the variation. These results suggest that there were seasonal differences in zokor's mound-forming activity and micro-habitat selection, and those activities were affected by food resources. Axis-rooted system and creeping-root system had significant effects on the spring activities of zokor, while the the sparse grove system, dense clumping system and creeping-root system had important effects on zokor's autumn activities.
An experiment with three quadrants(20 m×50 m) was conducted to monitor the locations of plants and the number of new and old mounds in the habitat of Myospalax aspalax in natural ground in Baiyinkulun pasture, Xinlinguole, Inner Mongolia from 2013 to 2015. The relationships between the number of new and old mounds and dry weight of overground plant biomass, plant number and species were analyzed by Partial RDA(Partial Redundancy Analysis). The results showed that in spring, the number of new zokor mounds was positively correlated with the axis-rooted system and creeping-root system which accounted for much of the variation. The number of old mounds of zokor was positively correlated with sparse grove system. The number of old mounds was negatively correlated with the axis-rooted system and creeping-root system, and accounted for much of the variation. In autumn, the number of new mounds of zokor was positively correlated with the sparse grove system, dense clumping system and creeping-root system, and accounted for much of the variation. The number of old zokor mounds was positively correlated with the sparse grove system, dense clumping system and creeping-rooted system, and accounted for much of the variation. These results suggest that there were seasonal differences in zokor's mound-forming activity and micro-habitat selection, and those activities were affected by food resources. Axis-rooted system and creeping-root system had significant effects on the spring activities of zokor, while the the sparse grove system, dense clumping system and creeping-root system had important effects on zokor's autumn activities.
引文
Chai X X, Yuan S, Wu X D, Fu H P, Yue C, Lu Z H, Wu Y G. 2016. Relation of α-diersity in plant community with population abundance of Myospalax aspalax in cipping ground of meadow steppe. Pratacultural Science,33(4):778-784.(in Chinese)
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Chen S H,Hua Y S.1991.Preliminary study on root-tillering plant in grassland. Journal of Neimenggu Prataculture,(1):25-28.(in Chinese)
Chen S H.1992.Disribution and characteristics of underground biomass in steppe vegetation of Inner Mongolia.Journal of Inner Mongolia Institute of Agriculture & Animal Husbandry,13(1):1-7.(in Chinese)
Cheng S H,Zhang H,Wang L Q,Zhanbula,Zhao M L.2001. Plant Roots of Grassland in North of China. Changchun:Jilin University Press.(in Chinese)
Chu B,Hua L M, Ji W H, Zhou Y S, Liu L. 2014. A review on the dispersal of subterranean rodents: status, challenge and perspective. Sichuan Journal of Zoology, 33(6):954-960.(in Chinese)
Chu B, Ma S J, Zhou Y S,Ji P C, Zhou W J, Zhou R, Tian Y L, Hua L M. 2018. Relationship between the spatial distribution of the mounds of plateau zokor (Eospalax baileyi) and environmental factors in eastern Qilian Mountain. Acta Ecologica Sinica,38(3):1-11.(in Chinese)
Cui Q H, Jiang Z G,Lian X M, Lian X M,Su J P.2005. Factors influencing habitat selection of root voles (Microtus oeconomus). Acta Theriologica Sinica, 25(1):45-51.(in Chinese)
Cui X F,Xie J X,Zhang S D,Lin G H,Zhang X Z,Su J P. 2014.Relationship between overwintering preference and nutritional content of the foods of plateau zokor (Eospalax baileyi).Acta Theriologica Sinica,34(4):340-347.(in Chinese)
Dai k, Yao J, Hu D F. 1988. Selection of microhabitats for desert rodents in the Southern Margin of Junggar Basin. Arid Zone Research, (3):34-37.(in Chinese)
Du F L.1994. Study on the forming rules and classification of root-tillering species in grassland. Journal of Neimenggu Prataculture,(Z2):54-58.(in Chinese)
Edwards J. 1983. Diet shifts in moose due to predator avoidance. Oecologia, 60 (2): 185-189.
Geier A R, Best L B. 1980. Habitat selection by small mammals of riparian communities: evaluating effects of habitat alterations. The Journal of Wildlife Management, 44(1):16-24.
Greenwood P J, Harvey P H. 1982. The natal and breeding dispersal of birds.Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics,13(1) : 1-21.
He D F,Wang Z W.1991.Ingestion, utilization and countermeasures for natural food of root voles (Microtus oeconomus).In: Liu J k,Wang Z W eds. Alpine Meadow Ecosystem (3).Beijing:Science Press,149-166.(in Chinese)
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Hodgson J, Illius A W. 1996. The ecology and management of grazing systems. Journal of Animal Ecology,66 (3) :438.
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Lv X L,Gong Y S,Chao K T,Li D Y.1993.A preliminary study of the living habit of Myospalax psilurus.Pratacultural Science,10(2):20-23.(in Chinese)
Manduhu, Wurenqiqige, Zhang F S, Yuan S,Wu X D,Fu H P. 2015. Effect of Transbaikal zokor (Myospalax psilurus) on underground biomass in habitat under different grazing intensities. Chinese Journal of Grassland,37(4):92-97.(in Chinese)
Ren D. 2007.The living habits of Myospalax psilurus and its prevention.Inner Mongolia Forestry Investigation and Design,30(6):68-70,94.(in Chinese)
Stephens D W, Krebs J R.1986 Foraging Theory. Princeton: Princeton University Press,11-13.
Su J P.1992.The energy cost of digging feeding activities in plateau zokor and its optimal digging and feeding behavior. Acta Theriologica Sinica,12(2):117-125.(in Chinese)
Wang D L. 2004. Progress in the coadaptation and coevolution between plants and herbivores.Acta Ecologica Sinica, 24(11): 2641- 2648.(in Chinese)
Wang Q Y, Fang N C. 1987. Investigation on excavation activities of plateau zokor (Eospalax baileyi) and population statistical methods. Acta Theriologica Sinica,7(4):283-290.(in Chinese)
Wang Q Y,Zhang Y M,Wei W H,Bian J H.2000. Sthdy on feeding habits of plateau zokor. Acta Theriologica Sinica,20(3):193-199.(in Chinese)
Zhang P, Yao S Z, Zhao X Y, Cui J J. 2010. Study on hazard and control of false zokor in bashang area, Zhangjiako. The Journal of Hebei Forestry Science and Technology, 22(2):35,40.(in Chinese)
Zhang Y M,Liu J K. 2002. Biological characteristics of underground rats and their role in the ecosystem. Acta Theriologica Sinica,(2):144-154.(in Chinese)
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Chen S H,Hua Y S.1991.Preliminary study on root-tillering plant in grassland. Journal of Neimenggu Prataculture,(1):25-28.(in Chinese)
Chen S H.1992.Disribution and characteristics of underground biomass in steppe vegetation of Inner Mongolia.Journal of Inner Mongolia Institute of Agriculture & Animal Husbandry,13(1):1-7.(in Chinese)
Cheng S H,Zhang H,Wang L Q,Zhanbula,Zhao M L.2001. Plant Roots of Grassland in North of China. Changchun:Jilin University Press.(in Chinese)
Chu B,Hua L M, Ji W H, Zhou Y S, Liu L. 2014. A review on the dispersal of subterranean rodents: status, challenge and perspective. Sichuan Journal of Zoology, 33(6):954-960.(in Chinese)
Chu B, Ma S J, Zhou Y S,Ji P C, Zhou W J, Zhou R, Tian Y L, Hua L M. 2018. Relationship between the spatial distribution of the mounds of plateau zokor (Eospalax baileyi) and environmental factors in eastern Qilian Mountain. Acta Ecologica Sinica,38(3):1-11.(in Chinese)
Cui Q H, Jiang Z G,Lian X M, Lian X M,Su J P.2005. Factors influencing habitat selection of root voles (Microtus oeconomus). Acta Theriologica Sinica, 25(1):45-51.(in Chinese)
Cui X F,Xie J X,Zhang S D,Lin G H,Zhang X Z,Su J P. 2014.Relationship between overwintering preference and nutritional content of the foods of plateau zokor (Eospalax baileyi).Acta Theriologica Sinica,34(4):340-347.(in Chinese)
Dai k, Yao J, Hu D F. 1988. Selection of microhabitats for desert rodents in the Southern Margin of Junggar Basin. Arid Zone Research, (3):34-37.(in Chinese)
Du F L.1994. Study on the forming rules and classification of root-tillering species in grassland. Journal of Neimenggu Prataculture,(Z2):54-58.(in Chinese)
Edwards J. 1983. Diet shifts in moose due to predator avoidance. Oecologia, 60 (2): 185-189.
Geier A R, Best L B. 1980. Habitat selection by small mammals of riparian communities: evaluating effects of habitat alterations. The Journal of Wildlife Management, 44(1):16-24.
Greenwood P J, Harvey P H. 1982. The natal and breeding dispersal of birds.Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics,13(1) : 1-21.
He D F,Wang Z W.1991.Ingestion, utilization and countermeasures for natural food of root voles (Microtus oeconomus).In: Liu J k,Wang Z W eds. Alpine Meadow Ecosystem (3).Beijing:Science Press,149-166.(in Chinese)
He J L,Zhang J S,Yang Y B,Deng H G,Wei J Z,Zhang W G.2006. Study on mound space pattern and main characteristics of plateau zokor (Eospalax baileyi).Acta Prataculturae Sinica,15(1):107-112.(in Chinese)
Hodgson J, Illius A W. 1996. The ecology and management of grazing systems. Journal of Animal Ecology,66 (3) :438.
Huang Y Y, Wang X T, Liu W,Huang S F,Lei Y D.2013. Evaluation of a benthic diatom-conductivity transfer function model from Dongjiang basin. Ecolgical Science, 32(5):564-570.(in Chinese)
Hutto R L.1985.Habitat selection by nonbreeding, migratory land birds. In: Cody M L ed. Habitat Selection in Birds.Orlando,Florida: Academic Press,455 -476.
Johnson D H. 1980. The comparison of usage and availability measurements for evaluating resource preference. Ecology, 61:65-71.
Krebs C J. 1994. Ecology: The Experimental Analysis of Distribution and Abundance,4th Edition. New York: Harper Collins College Publishers.
Li D M,Ren D. 2005. Study on integrated prevention and control of Transbaikal zokor (Myospalax psilurus).Inner Mongolia Forestry Investigation and Design, 2005 (S1):114-116.(in Chinese)
Li Y M,Li J G.2007.Species and distributions of subterranean rodents.Sichuan Journal of Zoology,26(1):206-209.(in Chinese)
Liu J S, Zhang W G, Jiang X L, Wei W R,Ge Q Z. 2011. Effects of burrow space of plateau zokor on vegetation characters on alpine meadows. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 19(6):927-932.(in Chinese)
Liu R T,Wu X D.2011. Rodent of Grassland.Beijing:China Agriculture Press.(in Chinese)
Lv X L,Gong Y S,Chao K T,Li D Y.1993.A preliminary study of the living habit of Myospalax psilurus.Pratacultural Science,10(2):20-23.(in Chinese)
Manduhu, Wurenqiqige, Zhang F S, Yuan S,Wu X D,Fu H P. 2015. Effect of Transbaikal zokor (Myospalax psilurus) on underground biomass in habitat under different grazing intensities. Chinese Journal of Grassland,37(4):92-97.(in Chinese)
Ren D. 2007.The living habits of Myospalax psilurus and its prevention.Inner Mongolia Forestry Investigation and Design,30(6):68-70,94.(in Chinese)
Stephens D W, Krebs J R.1986 Foraging Theory. Princeton: Princeton University Press,11-13.
Su J P.1992.The energy cost of digging feeding activities in plateau zokor and its optimal digging and feeding behavior. Acta Theriologica Sinica,12(2):117-125.(in Chinese)
Wang D L. 2004. Progress in the coadaptation and coevolution between plants and herbivores.Acta Ecologica Sinica, 24(11): 2641- 2648.(in Chinese)
Wang Q Y, Fang N C. 1987. Investigation on excavation activities of plateau zokor (Eospalax baileyi) and population statistical methods. Acta Theriologica Sinica,7(4):283-290.(in Chinese)
Wang Q Y,Zhang Y M,Wei W H,Bian J H.2000. Sthdy on feeding habits of plateau zokor. Acta Theriologica Sinica,20(3):193-199.(in Chinese)
Zhang P, Yao S Z, Zhao X Y, Cui J J. 2010. Study on hazard and control of false zokor in bashang area, Zhangjiako. The Journal of Hebei Forestry Science and Technology, 22(2):35,40.(in Chinese)
Zhang Y M,Liu J K. 2002. Biological characteristics of underground rats and their role in the ecosystem. Acta Theriologica Sinica,(2):144-154.(in Chinese)
Zhang Y M. 1999. Effect of plateau zokor in alpine meadow on community characteristics and succession. Zoological Research, (6):435-440.(in Chinese)
Zhang Z B, Wang Z W.1998.Ecology and Management of Rodent Pests in Agriculture.Beijing:China Ocean Press.(in Chinese)
Zheng Z M, Jiang Z K, Chen A G. 2012. Rodentology, 2th Edition.Shanghai:Shanghai Jiaotong University Press.(in Chinese)
Zhou W J,Hua L M, Zuo S T, Su J H, Wang Q L.2013. Habitat selection of Plateau zokor (Eospalax baileyi). Pratacultural Science, 30(4):647-653.(in Chinese)
王德利.2004.植物与草食动物之间的协同适应及进化.生态学报,24(11):2641-2648.
王权业,樊乃昌.1987.高原鼢鼠(Myospalax baileyi)的挖掘活动及其种群数量统计方法的探讨.兽类学报,7(4):283-290.
王权业,张堰铭,魏万红,边疆晖.2000.高原鼢鼠食性的研究.兽类学报,20(3):193-199.
车宝安.2017.草原鼢鼠生物学特性初步观察.内蒙古科技与经济,(19):96-97.
刘荣堂,武晓东.2011.草地啮齿动物学.北京:中国农业出版社.
刘锦上,张卫国,江小雷,卫万荣,葛庆征.2011.高原鼢鼠洞道空间对高寒草甸植被性状的影响. 草地学报,19(6):927-932.
李殿明,任冬.2005.东北鼢鼠综合防治的研究.内蒙古林业调查设计,(S1):114-116.
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