樟树的开花特性及传粉生物学研究
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摘要
[目的]研究樟树的开花及传粉生物学特性。[方法]测量花部综合特征,MTT法测花粉活性,联苯胺-过氧化氢法测柱头的可授性,通过异交指数、花粉胚珠比和人工授粉试验测定樟树的繁育系统类型,通过访花观察确定樟树的主要传粉者类型。[结果]樟树的花较小,柱头-花药间存在一定的空间分离;樟树的单花期3～4 d,花粉的高活性可以持续到花开后的第3天,而柱头具有较高的可授性是在花开的前2 d;樟树的繁育系统为兼性异交,自交亲和,需要传粉者,且樟树的结实率受到传粉者不足的限制,导致其自然结实率偏低,只有36.7%。[结论]该研究可为深入开展樟树的种质资源保存、杂交育种以及良种选育等工作奠定基础。
[Objective]To study the floral traits and pollination biology of Cinnamomum camphora.[Method]To measure the floral traits,detect the pollen viability by MTT solution and stigma receptivity by benzidine-H2O2 solution. The breeding system was tested through outcross index( OCI),pollen ovule ratio index( P/O) and artificial pollination experiment. Through the pollination observation,we determined the main pollinators of C. camphora. [Result]The flowers of C. camphora were very small,there was some space separation between the stigma and anthers. The single flowering period of camphor tree was 3 to 4 days,the high activity of pollen can persist into the third day after flowering,the stigma had a high ability to be maintained in the first two days after flowering. The breeding system of C. camphora was facultative outcross and selfing affinity,it needed pollinators for successful pollination,the seed setting rate of C. camphora was limited by the deficiency of pollinators,resulting in a low natural seed setting rate as only 36.7%. [Conclusion]This study can lay a foundation for further research on the conservation of C. camphora germplasm resources,hybridization and breeding.
[Objective]To study the floral traits and pollination biology of Cinnamomum camphora.[Method]To measure the floral traits,detect the pollen viability by MTT solution and stigma receptivity by benzidine-H2O2 solution. The breeding system was tested through outcross index( OCI),pollen ovule ratio index( P/O) and artificial pollination experiment. Through the pollination observation,we determined the main pollinators of C. camphora. [Result]The flowers of C. camphora were very small,there was some space separation between the stigma and anthers. The single flowering period of camphor tree was 3 to 4 days,the high activity of pollen can persist into the third day after flowering,the stigma had a high ability to be maintained in the first two days after flowering. The breeding system of C. camphora was facultative outcross and selfing affinity,it needed pollinators for successful pollination,the seed setting rate of C. camphora was limited by the deficiency of pollinators,resulting in a low natural seed setting rate as only 36.7%. [Conclusion]This study can lay a foundation for further research on the conservation of C. camphora germplasm resources,hybridization and breeding.
引文
[1]钟永达,胡晓建,余发新.香樟的分子生物学研究进展[J].江西科学,2015,33(2):184-187,194.
[2]贾永娟.塑料中溴代阻燃剂分析方法研究[D].北京:北京化工大学,2011.
[3]龚期绳,龚伟.樟树良种繁育及栽培利用研究进展[J].江西林业科技,2014,42(6):20-21,56.
[4]郑万钧.中国树木志:第1卷[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1983:163-170.
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[6]钟永达,田晓娟,李彦强,等.材用樟树研究进展[J].江西科学,2017,35(6):859-863.
[7]杨应龙.香樟树的特征特性及栽培技术[J].现代农业科技,2011(12):213,234.
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[11]姚小华,任华东,吴柯久,等.樟树苗期遗传变异研究[J].江西农业大学学报(自然科学版),1999,21(3):320-328.
[12]张国防,陈存及,邢建宏.樟树干叶DNA提取方法的研究[J].江西农业大学学报,2006,28(1):111-114.
[13]林达定.芳樟不同无性系主要生理性状分析与评价[D].福州:福建农林大学,2011.
[14]DOYLE J J,DICKSON E E.Preservation of plant samples for DNA restricition endonuclease analysis[J].Taxon,1987,36(4):715-722.
[15]张国防,陈存及,赵刚.樟树叶油地理变异的研究[J].植物资源与环境学报,2006,15(1):22-25.
[16]尤扬,刘宏,吴荣升,等.低温胁迫对香樟幼树抗寒性的影响[J].广东农业科学,2009(11):23-25.
[17]王丁,姚健,薛建辉.土壤干旱胁迫对樟树(Cinnamomum camphora(L.)Presl)苗木水力结构特征的影响[J].生态学报,2009,29(5):2725-2731.
[18]程许娜,王鹏霄,张静,等.干旱胁迫对樟树幼苗叶片生理特性的影响[J].湖南农业科学,2011(23):117-120.
[19]DAFNI A.Pollination ecology:A practical apfproach[M].Oxford:Oxford University Press,1992.
[20]刘淑娟,杨爱红,周华,等.橙花瑞香的繁殖特性研究[J].广西植物,2018,38(5):626-634.
[21]左丹丹,明军,刘春,等.植物花粉生活力检测技术进展[J].安徽农业科学,2007,35(16):4742-4745.
[22]张超仪,耿兴敏.六种杜鹃花属植物花粉活力测定方法的比较研究[J].植物科学学报,2012,30(1):92-99.
[23]刘巧,易陈燃,郑硕理,等.云南易危植物红马银花的传粉生物学研究[J].西北林业科学,2017,46(3):96-102.
[24]CRUDEN R W.Pollen-ovule ratios:A conservative indicator of breeding systems in flowering plants[J].Evolution,1977,31(1):32-46.
[25]凡辉.樟树生殖生物学研究[D].福州:福建农林大学,2014.
[26]WEBB C J,LLOYD D G.The avoidance of interference between the presentation of pollen and sitgmas in angiosperms.Ⅱ.Herkogamy[J].New Zealand jorunal of batany,1986,24(1):163-178.
[27]钱一凡,黎云祥,陈兰英,等.深山含笑传粉生物学研究[J].广西植物,2015,35(1):36-41,108.
[28]彭东辉,兰思仁,吴沙沙.毛菍传粉生物学研究[J].热带亚热带植物学报,2012,20(6):618-625.
[29]张建,杨发君,刘顺,等.膜荚黄芪繁殖系统的研究[J].人参研究,2009,21(3):17-20.
[30]吴佩纹,高素萍,张硕,等.蓝花丹结实率低的传粉生物学和繁育系统初探[J].广西植物,2016,36(1):107-113.
[31]黄双全,郭友好.传粉生物学的研究进展[J].科学通报,2000,45(3):225-237.
[32]戴国礼,秦垦,曹有龙,等.黑果枸杞的花部结构及繁育系统特征[J].广西植物,2013,33(1):126-132.
[33]SHIVAPRASAD D,PRASANNAKUMAR C N,SOMASHEKAR R K.Reproductive biology of Cinnamomum sulphuratum Nees.from wet evergreen forest of Western Ghats in Karnataka[J].Proceedings of the international academy of ecology and environmental sciences,2015,5(1):7-15.
[2]贾永娟.塑料中溴代阻燃剂分析方法研究[D].北京:北京化工大学,2011.
[3]龚期绳,龚伟.樟树良种繁育及栽培利用研究进展[J].江西林业科技,2014,42(6):20-21,56.
[4]郑万钧.中国树木志:第1卷[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1983:163-170.
[5]刘汉霞,张庆华,江桂斌,等.多溴联苯醚及其环境问题[J].化学进展,2005,17(3):554-562.
[6]钟永达,田晓娟,李彦强,等.材用樟树研究进展[J].江西科学,2017,35(6):859-863.
[7]杨应龙.香樟树的特征特性及栽培技术[J].现代农业科技,2011(12):213,234.
[8]邱运亮.大苗木樟树移植技术的研究[J].中国种业,2004(12):42-43.
[9]周新菊.樟树良种繁育及栽培利用研究进展[J].广东林业科技,2009,25(1):68-71.
[10]姚小华,任华东,王开良,等.樟树苗期萌芽特性遗传变异初步研究[J].江西农业大学学报,2001,23(4):538-543.
[11]姚小华,任华东,吴柯久,等.樟树苗期遗传变异研究[J].江西农业大学学报(自然科学版),1999,21(3):320-328.
[12]张国防,陈存及,邢建宏.樟树干叶DNA提取方法的研究[J].江西农业大学学报,2006,28(1):111-114.
[13]林达定.芳樟不同无性系主要生理性状分析与评价[D].福州:福建农林大学,2011.
[14]DOYLE J J,DICKSON E E.Preservation of plant samples for DNA restricition endonuclease analysis[J].Taxon,1987,36(4):715-722.
[15]张国防,陈存及,赵刚.樟树叶油地理变异的研究[J].植物资源与环境学报,2006,15(1):22-25.
[16]尤扬,刘宏,吴荣升,等.低温胁迫对香樟幼树抗寒性的影响[J].广东农业科学,2009(11):23-25.
[17]王丁,姚健,薛建辉.土壤干旱胁迫对樟树(Cinnamomum camphora(L.)Presl)苗木水力结构特征的影响[J].生态学报,2009,29(5):2725-2731.
[18]程许娜,王鹏霄,张静,等.干旱胁迫对樟树幼苗叶片生理特性的影响[J].湖南农业科学,2011(23):117-120.
[19]DAFNI A.Pollination ecology:A practical apfproach[M].Oxford:Oxford University Press,1992.
[20]刘淑娟,杨爱红,周华,等.橙花瑞香的繁殖特性研究[J].广西植物,2018,38(5):626-634.
[21]左丹丹,明军,刘春,等.植物花粉生活力检测技术进展[J].安徽农业科学,2007,35(16):4742-4745.
[22]张超仪,耿兴敏.六种杜鹃花属植物花粉活力测定方法的比较研究[J].植物科学学报,2012,30(1):92-99.
[23]刘巧,易陈燃,郑硕理,等.云南易危植物红马银花的传粉生物学研究[J].西北林业科学,2017,46(3):96-102.
[24]CRUDEN R W.Pollen-ovule ratios:A conservative indicator of breeding systems in flowering plants[J].Evolution,1977,31(1):32-46.
[25]凡辉.樟树生殖生物学研究[D].福州:福建农林大学,2014.
[26]WEBB C J,LLOYD D G.The avoidance of interference between the presentation of pollen and sitgmas in angiosperms.Ⅱ.Herkogamy[J].New Zealand jorunal of batany,1986,24(1):163-178.
[27]钱一凡,黎云祥,陈兰英,等.深山含笑传粉生物学研究[J].广西植物,2015,35(1):36-41,108.
[28]彭东辉,兰思仁,吴沙沙.毛菍传粉生物学研究[J].热带亚热带植物学报,2012,20(6):618-625.
[29]张建,杨发君,刘顺,等.膜荚黄芪繁殖系统的研究[J].人参研究,2009,21(3):17-20.
[30]吴佩纹,高素萍,张硕,等.蓝花丹结实率低的传粉生物学和繁育系统初探[J].广西植物,2016,36(1):107-113.
[31]黄双全,郭友好.传粉生物学的研究进展[J].科学通报,2000,45(3):225-237.
[32]戴国礼,秦垦,曹有龙,等.黑果枸杞的花部结构及繁育系统特征[J].广西植物,2013,33(1):126-132.
[33]SHIVAPRASAD D,PRASANNAKUMAR C N,SOMASHEKAR R K.Reproductive biology of Cinnamomum sulphuratum Nees.from wet evergreen forest of Western Ghats in Karnataka[J].Proceedings of the international academy of ecology and environmental sciences,2015,5(1):7-15.