毛竹向杉木林扩展过程中细根适应策略
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摘要
毛竹向周边系统扩展的能力很强,研究毛竹扩展过程中细根的适应策略,可以为毛竹林扩展调控提供科学依据。本研究以毛竹-杉木林扩展界面为对象,分析了毛竹不同扩展阶段细根生物量、根长密度、比根长及细根养分含量和比值的变化。结果表明:随着毛竹扩展,细根生物量和根长密度增加,比根长、细根N和P含量降低;与扩展前期相比,扩展后期细根生物量、根长密度分别是扩展前期的7.03、1.57倍,分别为1683.04±188.17 g·m~2和6483.14±846.82 m·m~(-3);比根长从扩展前期的2.61±0.20 m·g~(-1)降低到到扩展后期的0.70±0.06 m·g~(-1),扩展前期是扩展后期的3.73倍;细根N含量从扩展前期的5.06 g·kg~(-1)降低到扩展后期的2.98 g·kg~(-1),降低了41.11%; P含量从扩展前期的0.30 g·kg~(-1)降低到扩展后期的0.17 g·kg~(-1),降低了43.33%。相关分析表明:细根生物量、比根长与细根N、P、K、C∶N之间的相关性达到极显著水平,毛竹细根养分含量与细根形态特征协同发生了变化;毛竹向杉木林扩展时,细根形态和主要养分含量随着环境的变化发生了适应性的改变,毛竹细根具有较强的可塑性;毛竹细根在扩展前期通过增加比根长和细根N、P含量的策略,实现在新环境中的快速生长和对土壤环境的高效利用。
Fine roots are important for the function of individual plants.To better reveal the fine root strategy of bamboo expansion,we explored its plasticity in the process of Phyllostachys edulis expanding into Chinese fir forest.We compared the functional traits of fine roots of moso bamboo in different stages and explored the morphological plasticity when it expanded into Chinese fir forest.The fine root biomass(FRB),root length density(RLD),specific root length(SRL),key nutrient contents and their ratios were measured.The results showed that the FRB and RLD increased with moso bamboo expansion.The SRL and the content of N and P decreased with moso bamboo expansion.The FRB and RLD at final expansion stage were 7.03 times and 1.57 times of that at the initial expansion stage.The FRB and RLD at final expansion stage were 1683.04 ±188.17 g·m~2 and 6483.14±846.82 m·m~(-3),respectively.The SRL decreased from 2.61±0.20 m·g~(-1) at initial expansion stage to 0.70±0.06 m·g~(-1) at the final expansion stage,with the former being 3.73 times that of latter.The N content decreased by 41.11%,from 5.06 g·kg~(-1) at initial expansion stage to 2.98 g·kg~(-1) at the final expansion stage.The P content decreased by43.33%,from 0.30 g·kg~(-1) at initial expansion stage to 0.17 g·kg~(-1) at final expansion stage.There were significant correlations between N,P,K contents,C ∶ N and the FRB and SRL,indicating that the morphological traits and nutrient contents of fine roots varied with environmental changes and that the fine roots of moso bamboo had higher plasticity.The moso bamboo can grow quickly and use soil resources efficiently in new environment by increasing the SRL and N and P contents.
Fine roots are important for the function of individual plants.To better reveal the fine root strategy of bamboo expansion,we explored its plasticity in the process of Phyllostachys edulis expanding into Chinese fir forest.We compared the functional traits of fine roots of moso bamboo in different stages and explored the morphological plasticity when it expanded into Chinese fir forest.The fine root biomass(FRB),root length density(RLD),specific root length(SRL),key nutrient contents and their ratios were measured.The results showed that the FRB and RLD increased with moso bamboo expansion.The SRL and the content of N and P decreased with moso bamboo expansion.The FRB and RLD at final expansion stage were 7.03 times and 1.57 times of that at the initial expansion stage.The FRB and RLD at final expansion stage were 1683.04 ±188.17 g·m~2 and 6483.14±846.82 m·m~(-3),respectively.The SRL decreased from 2.61±0.20 m·g~(-1) at initial expansion stage to 0.70±0.06 m·g~(-1) at the final expansion stage,with the former being 3.73 times that of latter.The N content decreased by 41.11%,from 5.06 g·kg~(-1) at initial expansion stage to 2.98 g·kg~(-1) at the final expansion stage.The P content decreased by43.33%,from 0.30 g·kg~(-1) at initial expansion stage to 0.17 g·kg~(-1) at final expansion stage.There were significant correlations between N,P,K contents,C ∶ N and the FRB and SRL,indicating that the morphological traits and nutrient contents of fine roots varied with environmental changes and that the fine roots of moso bamboo had higher plasticity.The moso bamboo can grow quickly and use soil resources efficiently in new environment by increasing the SRL and N and P contents.
引文
白尚斌,周国模,王懿祥,等.2013.天目山保护区森林群落植物多样性对毛竹入侵的响应及动态变化.生物多样性,21(3):288-295.
林倩倩,王彬,马元丹,等.2014.天目山国家级自然保护区毛竹林扩张对生物多样性的影响.东北林业大学学报,42(9):43-47.
刘骏,杨清培,宋庆妮,等.2013.毛竹种群向常绿阔叶林扩张的细根策略.植物生态学报,37(3):230-238.
刘广路,范少辉,唐晓鹿,等.2017a.毛竹向杉木林扩展过程中叶功能性状的适应策略.林业科学,53(8):17-25.
刘广路,刘希珍,李雁冰,等.2017b.毛竹向撂荒地扩展过程中细根性状变化特征.热带作物学报,38(7):1204-1209.
彭勇,陈冠陶,梁政,等.2014.瓦屋山常绿阔叶次生林建群种扁刺栲(Castanopsis platyacantha)的细根分布及其碳氮特征.广西植物,(2):1-14
权伟,徐侠,王丰,等.2008.武夷山不同海拔高度植被细根生物量及形态特征.生态学杂志,27(7):1095-1103.
施建敏,叶学华,陈伏生,等.2014.竹类植物对异质生境的适应-表型可塑性.生态学报,34(20):5687-5695.
王韦韦,黄锦学,陈锋,等.2014.树种多样性对亚热带米槠林细根生物量和形态特征的影响.应用生态学报,25(2):318-324.
王延平,许坛,朱婉芮,等.2016.杨树人工林细根数量和形态特征的季节动态及代际差异.应用生态学报,27(2):395-402.
王意锟,金爱武,朱强根,等.2014.施肥对毛竹种群不同年龄分株间胸径大小关系的影响.植物生态学报,38(3):289-297.
杨清培,杨光耀,宋庆妮,等.2015.竹子扩张生态学研究:过程、后效与机制.植物生态学报,39(1):110-124.
Almeras T,Costes E,Salles JC.2004.Identification of biomechanical factor involved in stem shape variability between apricot tree varieties.Annals of Botany,93:455-468.
Curt T,Prévosto B.2003.Rooting strategy of naturally regenerated beech in silver birch and Scots pine woodlands.Plant and Soil,255:265-279.
Davis JP,Haines B,Coleman D,et al.2004.Fine root dynamics along an elevational gradient in the southern Appalachian Mountains,USA.Forest Ecology and Management,187:19-34.
Dlaz S,Cabido M.2001.Vive la difference:Plant functional diversity matters to ecosystem processes.Trends in Ecology and Evolution,16:646-655.
Elser JJ,Dobberfuhl DR,MacKay NA,et al.1996.Organism size,life history,and N∶P stoichiometry:Towards a unified view of cellular and ecosystem processes.Bioscience,46:674-684.
Finér L,Helmisaari HS,Lhmus K,et al.2007.Variation in fine root biomass of three European tree species:Beech(Fagus sylvatica L.),Norway spruce(Picea abies L.Karst.),and Scots pine(Pinus sylvestris L.).Plant Biosystems,141:394-405.
Fujii S,Kasuya N.2008.Fine root biomass and morphology of Pinus densiflora under competitive stress by Chamaecyparis obtusa.Journal of Forest Research,13:185-189.
Guo DL,Mitchell RJ,Withington JM,et al.2008.Endogenous and exogenous controls of root life span,mortality and nitrogen flux in a longleaf pine forest:Root branch order predominates.Journal of Ecology,96:737-745.
Liu L,Gan Y,Bueckert R,et al.2011.Rooting systems of oilseed and pulse crops.II:Vertical distribution patterns across the soil profile.Field Crops Research,122:248-255.
Normand F,Bissery C,Damour G,et al.2008.Hydraulic and mechanical stem properties affect leaf-stem allometry in mango cultivars.New Phytologist,178:590-602.
Persson H,Ahlstrm K.2002.Fine root response to nitrogen supply in nitrogen manipulated Norway spruce catchment areas.Forest Ecology and Management,168:29-41.
Persson H,von Fircks Y,Majdi H,et al.1995.Root distribution in a Norway spruce(Picea abies(L.)Karst.)stand subjected to drought and ammonium-sulfate application.Plant and Soil,168/169:161-165.
Reich PB,Oleksyn J.2004.Global patterns of plant leaf N and P in relation to temperature and latitude.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of Ameirca,101:11001-11006.
Violle C,Navas ML,Vile D,et al.2007.Let the concept of trait be functional!Oikos,116:882-892.
Wang Y,Bai S,Binkley D,et al.2016.The independence of clonal shoot’s growth from light availability supports moso bamboo invasion of closed-canopy forest.Forest Ecology and Management,368:105-110.
林倩倩,王彬,马元丹,等.2014.天目山国家级自然保护区毛竹林扩张对生物多样性的影响.东北林业大学学报,42(9):43-47.
刘骏,杨清培,宋庆妮,等.2013.毛竹种群向常绿阔叶林扩张的细根策略.植物生态学报,37(3):230-238.
刘广路,范少辉,唐晓鹿,等.2017a.毛竹向杉木林扩展过程中叶功能性状的适应策略.林业科学,53(8):17-25.
刘广路,刘希珍,李雁冰,等.2017b.毛竹向撂荒地扩展过程中细根性状变化特征.热带作物学报,38(7):1204-1209.
彭勇,陈冠陶,梁政,等.2014.瓦屋山常绿阔叶次生林建群种扁刺栲(Castanopsis platyacantha)的细根分布及其碳氮特征.广西植物,(2):1-14
权伟,徐侠,王丰,等.2008.武夷山不同海拔高度植被细根生物量及形态特征.生态学杂志,27(7):1095-1103.
施建敏,叶学华,陈伏生,等.2014.竹类植物对异质生境的适应-表型可塑性.生态学报,34(20):5687-5695.
王韦韦,黄锦学,陈锋,等.2014.树种多样性对亚热带米槠林细根生物量和形态特征的影响.应用生态学报,25(2):318-324.
王延平,许坛,朱婉芮,等.2016.杨树人工林细根数量和形态特征的季节动态及代际差异.应用生态学报,27(2):395-402.
王意锟,金爱武,朱强根,等.2014.施肥对毛竹种群不同年龄分株间胸径大小关系的影响.植物生态学报,38(3):289-297.
杨清培,杨光耀,宋庆妮,等.2015.竹子扩张生态学研究:过程、后效与机制.植物生态学报,39(1):110-124.
Almeras T,Costes E,Salles JC.2004.Identification of biomechanical factor involved in stem shape variability between apricot tree varieties.Annals of Botany,93:455-468.
Curt T,Prévosto B.2003.Rooting strategy of naturally regenerated beech in silver birch and Scots pine woodlands.Plant and Soil,255:265-279.
Davis JP,Haines B,Coleman D,et al.2004.Fine root dynamics along an elevational gradient in the southern Appalachian Mountains,USA.Forest Ecology and Management,187:19-34.
Dlaz S,Cabido M.2001.Vive la difference:Plant functional diversity matters to ecosystem processes.Trends in Ecology and Evolution,16:646-655.
Elser JJ,Dobberfuhl DR,MacKay NA,et al.1996.Organism size,life history,and N∶P stoichiometry:Towards a unified view of cellular and ecosystem processes.Bioscience,46:674-684.
Finér L,Helmisaari HS,Lhmus K,et al.2007.Variation in fine root biomass of three European tree species:Beech(Fagus sylvatica L.),Norway spruce(Picea abies L.Karst.),and Scots pine(Pinus sylvestris L.).Plant Biosystems,141:394-405.
Fujii S,Kasuya N.2008.Fine root biomass and morphology of Pinus densiflora under competitive stress by Chamaecyparis obtusa.Journal of Forest Research,13:185-189.
Guo DL,Mitchell RJ,Withington JM,et al.2008.Endogenous and exogenous controls of root life span,mortality and nitrogen flux in a longleaf pine forest:Root branch order predominates.Journal of Ecology,96:737-745.
Liu L,Gan Y,Bueckert R,et al.2011.Rooting systems of oilseed and pulse crops.II:Vertical distribution patterns across the soil profile.Field Crops Research,122:248-255.
Normand F,Bissery C,Damour G,et al.2008.Hydraulic and mechanical stem properties affect leaf-stem allometry in mango cultivars.New Phytologist,178:590-602.
Persson H,Ahlstrm K.2002.Fine root response to nitrogen supply in nitrogen manipulated Norway spruce catchment areas.Forest Ecology and Management,168:29-41.
Persson H,von Fircks Y,Majdi H,et al.1995.Root distribution in a Norway spruce(Picea abies(L.)Karst.)stand subjected to drought and ammonium-sulfate application.Plant and Soil,168/169:161-165.
Reich PB,Oleksyn J.2004.Global patterns of plant leaf N and P in relation to temperature and latitude.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of Ameirca,101:11001-11006.
Violle C,Navas ML,Vile D,et al.2007.Let the concept of trait be functional!Oikos,116:882-892.
Wang Y,Bai S,Binkley D,et al.2016.The independence of clonal shoot’s growth from light availability supports moso bamboo invasion of closed-canopy forest.Forest Ecology and Management,368:105-110.