中国草莓属植物种质资源的研究、开发与利用进展
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摘要
在对草莓属(Fragaria spp.)的全球分布、分类地位及栽培种凤梨草莓(Fragaria×ananassa Duch.ex Lamarck)的演化历史进行简要论述的基础上,对国内关于草莓属种质资源的研究、开发与利用进展进行了较详细的综述.对草莓种质资源的研究包括:中国草莓属种质资源的收集及对野生资源地理分布的调查,运用分子标记对草莓的亲缘关系进行鉴定,对部分种质进行核型分析(五叶草莓、森林草莓、纤细草莓、黄毛草莓、绿色草莓、东北草莓和西南草莓)及基因组大小估计(五叶草莓(红果、白果两种类型)、黄毛草莓、西南草莓、东北草莓、森林草莓和绿色草莓),对草莓种质的功能基因进行挖掘,草莓种质的生理生化(光合特性、活性成分及非生物胁迫)及遗传转化研究.关于草莓种质资源的开发与利用,包括新品种的选育及引种与驯化,育种方式有实生育种、杂交育种、诱变育种和生物技术育种,而最主要的育种方式是杂交育种.同时与国外的同类研究进行了比较分析,提出了在草莓属种质资源的研究、开发与利用过程中存在的问题并作出了相应的展望.
Based on the overview of the global distribution and taxonomic status of Fragaria and the evolution history about cultivated strawberries Fragaria × ananassa Duch. ex Lamarck,a detailed review on the advances in research,exploitation and utilization of Fragaria spp. germplasm resources in China was made.The research to strawberries germplasm resources includes investigation on the geographical distribution of wild resources and collection of Fragaria spp. germplasm resources,identification on the genetic relationships by molecular markers,karyotype analysis( F. pentaphylla Lozinsk,F. vesca L,F. gracilis A. Los,F. nilgerrensis Schlecht,F. viridis Duch,F. mandschurica Staudt and F. moupinensis( Franch) Card.) and estimation of genomic sizes( F.pentaphylla Lozinsk( red and white two types),F. nilgerrensis Schlecht.,F. moupinensis( Franch) Card.,F. mandschurica Staudt,F. vesca L. and F. viridis Duch.) of some species,mining functional genes and studying the genetic transformation,physiology and biochemistry( photosynthetic characteristics,active components and abiotic stress) about strawberries germplasm resources. The exploitation and utilization of Fragaria spp. germplasm resources include breeding new cultivars,introduction and domestication of wild resources. Breeding methods such as seedling breeding,hybridization breeding,mutation breeding and biotechnological breeding have been applied,and the most important one is hybridization breeding.Meanwhile,researches by foreign scholars were compared,the existing problems were then put forward.
Based on the overview of the global distribution and taxonomic status of Fragaria and the evolution history about cultivated strawberries Fragaria × ananassa Duch. ex Lamarck,a detailed review on the advances in research,exploitation and utilization of Fragaria spp. germplasm resources in China was made.The research to strawberries germplasm resources includes investigation on the geographical distribution of wild resources and collection of Fragaria spp. germplasm resources,identification on the genetic relationships by molecular markers,karyotype analysis( F. pentaphylla Lozinsk,F. vesca L,F. gracilis A. Los,F. nilgerrensis Schlecht,F. viridis Duch,F. mandschurica Staudt and F. moupinensis( Franch) Card.) and estimation of genomic sizes( F.pentaphylla Lozinsk( red and white two types),F. nilgerrensis Schlecht.,F. moupinensis( Franch) Card.,F. mandschurica Staudt,F. vesca L. and F. viridis Duch.) of some species,mining functional genes and studying the genetic transformation,physiology and biochemistry( photosynthetic characteristics,active components and abiotic stress) about strawberries germplasm resources. The exploitation and utilization of Fragaria spp. germplasm resources include breeding new cultivars,introduction and domestication of wild resources. Breeding methods such as seedling breeding,hybridization breeding,mutation breeding and biotechnological breeding have been applied,and the most important one is hybridization breeding.Meanwhile,researches by foreign scholars were compared,the existing problems were then put forward.
引文
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