热管联合多级串联热泵玉米干燥系统性能试验
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摘要
中国东北地区现有的粮食干燥系统多为大型多段塔式燃煤干燥系统,在粮食干燥过程中,热空气与粮食经过一次换热后,生成的高温高湿废气直接排入了大气,不仅造成了能量的巨大浪费,而且严重污染了环境。该文针对东北地区寒冷气候特点及多段塔式燃煤玉米干燥系统存在的高能耗、高污染问题,开发了一种热管联合多级串联热泵玉米干燥系统,该系统能够实现对多段塔式燃煤玉米干燥中废气的余热回收和废气中杂质的清洁处理,从而达到节能减排的效果。在该系统的基础上研制了50、150和300 t/d的系列化玉米热泵干燥装备,进行了3种规模的产业化示范,并对300 t/d的玉米热泵干燥系统进行了性能试验。结果表明,系统每小时的耗电量为538 kW·h,除湿速率为2016 kg/h,热泵机组的制热系数COP(coefficient of performance,COP)在3.7~6.7之间,除湿能耗比SMER(specific moisture extraction rate,SMER)为3.75 kg/(kW·h)。对多段塔式玉米热泵干燥和玉米燃煤干燥经济性进行比较研究,结果表明:得到1 kg干玉米的热泵干燥成本为0.038元,而燃煤干燥的成本为0.049元,单位玉米的热泵干燥成本比燃煤干燥成本降低22.4%。与玉米燃煤干燥相比,玉米热泵干燥能大量降低污染物的排放,节能减排效果明显,可为热泵干燥技术在粮食烘干领域应用提供有价值的参考。
Most of the existing grain drying systems in the northeast of China are large and multistage tower-type coal drying systems, and in the process of grain drying, the system produces hot and humid exhaust gases directly into the atmosphere after a heat exchange of hot air and grain. It not only caused great waste of energy, but also seriously polluted the environment. Aiming at the characteristics of cold climate in northeast China and the problems of high energy consumption and high pollution of coal-fired corn drying system of the multi-stage tower type, a heat pipe combined with corn drying technology of multistage series heat pump is developed. This technology can realize the recovery of waste heat and exhaust impurities in the corn drying by burning coal in multistage tower-type, so as to achieve the effect of energy saving and emission reduction. On the basis of this technology, the series of 50 t/d, 150 t/d and 300 t/d of corn heat pump drying equipment are developed, and the industrialization demonstration of 3 kinds of scale has been carried out. The performance testing of 300 t/d corn heat pump drying system is carried out.. The results show that the power consumption of per hour is 538 kW. h, the dehumidification rate is 2016 kg/h, the heating coefficient COP of the heat pump is between 3.7-6.7, and the energy consumption ratio SMER of dehumidification is 3.75 kg/(kW ·h). In the end, the economy between the heat pump drying of corn and the drying of corn by burning coal of the multi-stage tower are compared.The results show that cost of the heat pump drying to get one kilogram of dry corn is 0.038 yuan, while the cost of coal-fired drying is 0.049 yuan. The cost of heat pump drying of per unit of corn is 22.4% lower than the cost of the coal-fired drying. Compared with the drying of corn by coal, the heat pump drying of corn can greatly reduce pollutant emissions, and the effect of energy saving and emission reduction is obvious, which provides a valuable reference for the application of heat pump drying technology in the field of grain drying.
Most of the existing grain drying systems in the northeast of China are large and multistage tower-type coal drying systems, and in the process of grain drying, the system produces hot and humid exhaust gases directly into the atmosphere after a heat exchange of hot air and grain. It not only caused great waste of energy, but also seriously polluted the environment. Aiming at the characteristics of cold climate in northeast China and the problems of high energy consumption and high pollution of coal-fired corn drying system of the multi-stage tower type, a heat pipe combined with corn drying technology of multistage series heat pump is developed. This technology can realize the recovery of waste heat and exhaust impurities in the corn drying by burning coal in multistage tower-type, so as to achieve the effect of energy saving and emission reduction. On the basis of this technology, the series of 50 t/d, 150 t/d and 300 t/d of corn heat pump drying equipment are developed, and the industrialization demonstration of 3 kinds of scale has been carried out. The performance testing of 300 t/d corn heat pump drying system is carried out.. The results show that the power consumption of per hour is 538 kW. h, the dehumidification rate is 2016 kg/h, the heating coefficient COP of the heat pump is between 3.7-6.7, and the energy consumption ratio SMER of dehumidification is 3.75 kg/(kW ·h). In the end, the economy between the heat pump drying of corn and the drying of corn by burning coal of the multi-stage tower are compared.The results show that cost of the heat pump drying to get one kilogram of dry corn is 0.038 yuan, while the cost of coal-fired drying is 0.049 yuan. The cost of heat pump drying of per unit of corn is 22.4% lower than the cost of the coal-fired drying. Compared with the drying of corn by coal, the heat pump drying of corn can greatly reduce pollutant emissions, and the effect of energy saving and emission reduction is obvious, which provides a valuable reference for the application of heat pump drying technology in the field of grain drying.
引文
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[14]谈文松.太阳能-联合热泵干燥小麦的系统研究与设计[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2016.Tan Wensong.Study and Design of Solar Energy-Heat Pump Combined Drying Wheat System[D].Taian:Shandong Agricultural University,2016.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]余龙,余建平,俞树荣,等.地源热泵粮食干燥系统性能研究[J].粮食工程,2012,22(3):76-78.Yu Long,Yu Jianping,Yu Shurong,et al.Study on performance of ground-source heat pump grain drying system[J].Food Engineering,2012,22(3):76-78.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]余龙,俞树荣,李春玲.地源热泵供热性能在粮食干燥中的特性研究[J].中国农机化学报,2014,35(2):89-93.Yu Long,Yu Shurong,Li Chunling.Study on the characteristics of ground heat pump heat supply in grain drying[J].Chinese Journal of Agricultural Mechanization,2014,35(2):89-93.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[17]罗乔军,张进疆,吴耀森,等.稻谷热管辅助热泵除湿干燥技术[J].农业机械学报,2014,45(增刊1):247-251.Luo Qiaojun,Zhang Jinjiang,Wu Yaoseng,et al.Rice drying using heat pump dehumidifying system with heat pipe[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2014,45(Suppl.):247-251.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[18]曲燕.环路热管技术的研究热点和发展趋势[J].低温技术,2009,37(2):7-14.Qu Yan.Research hotspots and development trends of loop heat pipe technology[J].Cryogenic Technology,2009,37(2):7-14.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[19]王录,苗建印,张红星.制冷机与深冷环路热管集成系统传热特性试验研究[J].航天器工程,2016,25(3):63-68.Wang Lu,Miao Jianyin,Zhang Hongxing.Investigation on thermal characteristic of integrated system of pulse tube coolers with cryogenic loop heat pipes[J].Spacecraft Engineering,2016,25(3):63-68.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]何江,林贵平,柏立站,等.不凝气体对航天器两相热控设备性能的影响[J].航天器工程,2014,23(6):114-121.He Jiang,Lin Guiping,Bai Lizhan,et al.Effect of non-condensable gas on performances of two-phase thermal control devices for spacecraft[J].Spacecraft Engineering,2014,23(6):114-121.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]池勇,汤勇,万珍平,等.微电子芯片高热流密度相变冷却技术[J].制冷空调,2007,35(4):50-55.Chi Yong,Tang Yong,Wan Zhenping,et al.High heat flux phase change cooling for micro electronic chip[J].Refrigeration and Air Conditioning,2007,35(4):50-55.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[22]田浩,李延春,曹小涛.基于芯片水冷和重力热管技术的数据中心冷却方法研究[J].暖通空调,2016,46(12):109-115.Tian Hao,Li Yanchun,Cao Xiaotao.Study on cooling technology of high heat flux data center using chip water cooling and gravity heat pipe[J].Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning,2016,46(12):109-115.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[23]黄俊,侍书成,龚骁敏.一种用于高热功率密闭计算机散热的环路热管系统[J].电子机械工程,2017,33(4):42-47.Huang Jun,Shi Shucheng,Gong Xiaomin.A loop heat pipe system for heat dissipation of computers with closed chassis and high thermal power[J].Elector-Mechanical Engineering,2017,33(4):42-47.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[24]陈东,谢继红.热泵干燥装置[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2006.
[25]伊松林,张璧光.太阳能及热泵干燥技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2011.
[26]吕君,魏娟,张振涛,等.热泵烤烟系统性能的试验研究[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(增刊1):63-67.LüJun,Wei Juan,Zhang Zhentao,et al.Experimental study on performance of heat pump system[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2012,28(Supp.1):63-67.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[2]魏忠彩,孙传祝,苏国粱,等.红外玉米穗干燥试验研究[J].农机化研究,2016,38(1):247-250,256.Wei Zhongcai,Sun Chuanzhu,Su Guoliang,et al.Research on the Experiment of Infrared Corncob-drying[J].Agricultural Mechanization Research,2016,38(1):247-250,256.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[3]李玉,赵学工,王赫,等.穿流薄层干燥玉米特性的研究[J].粮食加工,2013,38(4):55-56,59.Li Yu,Zhao Xuegong,Wang He,et al.Study on characteristics of flowing thin layer of dried corn[J].Food processing,2013,38(4):55-56,59.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[4]张玉荣,成军虎,周显青,等.高水分玉米微波干燥特性及对加工品质的影响[J].河南工业大学学报:自然科学版,2009,30(6):1-5.Zhang Yurong,Cheng Junhu,Zhou Xianqing,et al.Microwave drying characteristics of high moist corn and its effect on processing quality[J].Journal of Henan University of Technology:Natural Science Edition,2009,30(6):1-5.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]亢霞,石天玉,贾然,等.东北地区高水分玉米烘干费用及水分减量扣量标准政策的分析研究[J].粮油食品科技,2013,21(6):104-107.Hang Xia,Shi Tianyu,Jia Ran,et al.Study on the high moisture corn drying cost and the standard of water loss deduction in Northeast China[J].The Science and Technology of Grain and Oil Food.2013,21(6):104-107.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[6]郝立群,白岩,董梅.玉米干燥中的能耗[J].粮食加工,2005(2):29-31.Hao Liqun,Bai yan,Dong Mei.Energy consumption in corn drying[J].Grain Processing,2005(2):29-31.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[7]陈百会,曹赞,熊芳芳,等.玉米干燥机节能减排综合技术研究与应用[J].粮食加工,2010,35(1):76-78.Chen Baihui,Cao Zan,Xiong Fangfang,et al.Research and application of energy-saving and emission-reduction technology for corn dryer[J].Grain Processing,2010,35(1):76-78.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]Chua K J,Chou S K,Yang W M.Advances in heat pump systems:Review[J].Applied Energy,2010,87(12):3611-3624.
[9]Neslihan C,Hepbasli A.A review of heat pump drying:Part1-Systerms,models and studies[J].Energy Conversion and Management,2009,50(9):2180-2186.
[10]盛伟,郑海坤,张保森.干燥褐煤的热泵技术实验研究[J].制冷学报,2013,34(5):99-102.Sheng Wei,Zheng Haikun,Zhang Baosen.Experimental study on heat pump technology for drying lignite[J].Refrigeration Journal,2013,34(5):99-102.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]谢英柏,宋蕾娜,杨先亮,等.热泵干燥技术的应用及其发展趋势[J].农机化研究,2009,31(4):12-15.Xie Yingbai,Song Leina,Yang Xianliang,et al.Application and development trend of heat pump drying technology[J].Research on Agricultural Mechanization,2009,31(4):12-15.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]Yang J,Wang L,Xiang F,et al.Experiment research on grain drying process in the heat pump assisted fluidized beds[J].Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing,2004,11(4):373-377.
[13]郑先哲,赵学笃.稻米食味值测定及干燥品质的研究[J].农业机械学报,2001,31(4):54-60.Zheng Xianzhe,Zhao Xuedu.Study on the taste value and drying quality of rice[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization,2001,31(4):54-60.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]谈文松.太阳能-联合热泵干燥小麦的系统研究与设计[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2016.Tan Wensong.Study and Design of Solar Energy-Heat Pump Combined Drying Wheat System[D].Taian:Shandong Agricultural University,2016.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]余龙,余建平,俞树荣,等.地源热泵粮食干燥系统性能研究[J].粮食工程,2012,22(3):76-78.Yu Long,Yu Jianping,Yu Shurong,et al.Study on performance of ground-source heat pump grain drying system[J].Food Engineering,2012,22(3):76-78.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]余龙,俞树荣,李春玲.地源热泵供热性能在粮食干燥中的特性研究[J].中国农机化学报,2014,35(2):89-93.Yu Long,Yu Shurong,Li Chunling.Study on the characteristics of ground heat pump heat supply in grain drying[J].Chinese Journal of Agricultural Mechanization,2014,35(2):89-93.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[17]罗乔军,张进疆,吴耀森,等.稻谷热管辅助热泵除湿干燥技术[J].农业机械学报,2014,45(增刊1):247-251.Luo Qiaojun,Zhang Jinjiang,Wu Yaoseng,et al.Rice drying using heat pump dehumidifying system with heat pipe[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2014,45(Suppl.):247-251.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[18]曲燕.环路热管技术的研究热点和发展趋势[J].低温技术,2009,37(2):7-14.Qu Yan.Research hotspots and development trends of loop heat pipe technology[J].Cryogenic Technology,2009,37(2):7-14.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[19]王录,苗建印,张红星.制冷机与深冷环路热管集成系统传热特性试验研究[J].航天器工程,2016,25(3):63-68.Wang Lu,Miao Jianyin,Zhang Hongxing.Investigation on thermal characteristic of integrated system of pulse tube coolers with cryogenic loop heat pipes[J].Spacecraft Engineering,2016,25(3):63-68.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]何江,林贵平,柏立站,等.不凝气体对航天器两相热控设备性能的影响[J].航天器工程,2014,23(6):114-121.He Jiang,Lin Guiping,Bai Lizhan,et al.Effect of non-condensable gas on performances of two-phase thermal control devices for spacecraft[J].Spacecraft Engineering,2014,23(6):114-121.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]池勇,汤勇,万珍平,等.微电子芯片高热流密度相变冷却技术[J].制冷空调,2007,35(4):50-55.Chi Yong,Tang Yong,Wan Zhenping,et al.High heat flux phase change cooling for micro electronic chip[J].Refrigeration and Air Conditioning,2007,35(4):50-55.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[22]田浩,李延春,曹小涛.基于芯片水冷和重力热管技术的数据中心冷却方法研究[J].暖通空调,2016,46(12):109-115.Tian Hao,Li Yanchun,Cao Xiaotao.Study on cooling technology of high heat flux data center using chip water cooling and gravity heat pipe[J].Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning,2016,46(12):109-115.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[23]黄俊,侍书成,龚骁敏.一种用于高热功率密闭计算机散热的环路热管系统[J].电子机械工程,2017,33(4):42-47.Huang Jun,Shi Shucheng,Gong Xiaomin.A loop heat pipe system for heat dissipation of computers with closed chassis and high thermal power[J].Elector-Mechanical Engineering,2017,33(4):42-47.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[24]陈东,谢继红.热泵干燥装置[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2006.
[25]伊松林,张璧光.太阳能及热泵干燥技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2011.
[26]吕君,魏娟,张振涛,等.热泵烤烟系统性能的试验研究[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(增刊1):63-67.LüJun,Wei Juan,Zhang Zhentao,et al.Experimental study on performance of heat pump system[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2012,28(Supp.1):63-67.(in Chinese with English abstract)