基于高效低损目标的马铃薯收获机改进设计
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摘要
针对现有马铃薯收获机收获效率低、伤薯率和破皮率高等问题,以高效、低损为目标,采用垄上压力自动调整、切土驱动、挖掘深度自动调整、振动强度参数可调和波浪式薯土分离等技术对现有马铃薯收获机进行了改进设计。改进后的马铃薯收获机收获作业过程中,压土轮始终处于浮动状态,既能松离薯土,又可避免压溃薯垄而导致伤薯;有效保证切土盘始终处于正常转动状态,彻底解决现有收获机作业过程中切土盘的时断时续转动问题;始终保证两侧的挖掘深度一致,有效解决因地表倾斜而导致的伤薯及能耗较高问题;马铃薯及土块、秧蔓混合物经过波峰与波谷之间的"翻滚"而实现碎土,提高了筛分效率,且可根据需要自动调整振动强度。本研究为马铃薯收获机的后续研究奠定了坚实基础。
Aimed at the potato harvester of low efficiency,high injury rate of potato and broken skin rate,with high efficiency and low loss as the goal,the ridge on the automatic pressure adjustment,cut automatic driving,digging depth,adjustable vibration intensity and wave potato soil separation technology to the existing potato harvester was improved design. In the process of harvesting,the press wheel was always in a floating state,which can be loosened from the potato and soil and avoid the crushing of the potato,which can lead to the potato. It is effective to ensure that the cutting disk was always in a normal rotation state,and completely solve the problem of the intermittent rotation of the cutting disk in the process of the existing harvester. Always ensure the depth of the excavation on both sides is consistent and effectively solve the potato problem caused by surface slope. The potato and soil mass and the mixture of the seedlings are broken by the "rolling"between the peaks and the trough,which improves the efficiency of the screening and automatically adjusts the vibration intensity as needed. This paper lays a solid foundation for the subsequent study of potato harvester.
Aimed at the potato harvester of low efficiency,high injury rate of potato and broken skin rate,with high efficiency and low loss as the goal,the ridge on the automatic pressure adjustment,cut automatic driving,digging depth,adjustable vibration intensity and wave potato soil separation technology to the existing potato harvester was improved design. In the process of harvesting,the press wheel was always in a floating state,which can be loosened from the potato and soil and avoid the crushing of the potato,which can lead to the potato. It is effective to ensure that the cutting disk was always in a normal rotation state,and completely solve the problem of the intermittent rotation of the cutting disk in the process of the existing harvester. Always ensure the depth of the excavation on both sides is consistent and effectively solve the potato problem caused by surface slope. The potato and soil mass and the mixture of the seedlings are broken by the "rolling"between the peaks and the trough,which improves the efficiency of the screening and automatically adjusts the vibration intensity as needed. This paper lays a solid foundation for the subsequent study of potato harvester.
引文
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[9]吕金庆,田忠恩,杨颖,等.4U2A型双行马铃薯挖掘机的设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(6):17-24.
[10]魏忠彩,李学强,孙传祝,等.马铃薯收获与清选分级机械化伤薯因素分析[J].中国农业科技导报,2017,19(8):63-70.
[11]李字增,蒋金琳,战长龄,等.薯类收获机输送链条清土装置的设计和试验研究[J].农机化研究,2016,38(2):123-127.
[12]杨然兵,杨红光,尚书旗,等.拨辊推送式马铃薯收获机设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(7):119-126.
[13]时永,闫小丽,朱瑞祥,等.一种小型马铃薯捡拾机的研制及试验[J].干旱地区农业研究,2016,34(4):287-291.
[14]魏忠彩,李学强,张宇帆,等.马铃薯全程机械化生产技术与装备研究进展[J].农机化研究,2017,35(9):1-6.
[2]Nobuhisa K,Tsutomu K,Keiichi S,et al.Energy efficiency of potato production practices for bioethanol feedstock in northern Japan[J].European Journal of Agronomy,2013,44(1):1-8.
[3]江立凯,马旭,武涛,等.南方冬种马铃薯收获机的应用现状与研究展望[J].农机化研究,2016,38(7):263-268.
[4]Adel H,Mohammad H.K,Asghar M,et al.High speed detection of potato and clod using an acoustic based intelligent system[J].Expert Systems with Applications,2011,38(10):12101-12106.
[5]Bentini M,Caprara C,Martelli R.Harvesting damage to potato tubers by analysis of impacts recorded with an instrumented sphere[J].Biosystems Enginneering,2006,94(1):75-85.
[6]吴建民,李辉,孙伟,等.拨指轮式马铃薯挖掘机设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2010,41(12):76-79.
[7]刘宝,张东兴,李晶.MZPH820型单行马铃薯收获机设计[J].农业机械学报,2009,40(5):81-86.
[8]魏宏安,张俊莲,杨小平,等.4UFD-1400型马铃薯联合收获机改进设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(3):12-17.
[9]吕金庆,田忠恩,杨颖,等.4U2A型双行马铃薯挖掘机的设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(6):17-24.
[10]魏忠彩,李学强,孙传祝,等.马铃薯收获与清选分级机械化伤薯因素分析[J].中国农业科技导报,2017,19(8):63-70.
[11]李字增,蒋金琳,战长龄,等.薯类收获机输送链条清土装置的设计和试验研究[J].农机化研究,2016,38(2):123-127.
[12]杨然兵,杨红光,尚书旗,等.拨辊推送式马铃薯收获机设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(7):119-126.
[13]时永,闫小丽,朱瑞祥,等.一种小型马铃薯捡拾机的研制及试验[J].干旱地区农业研究,2016,34(4):287-291.
[14]魏忠彩,李学强,张宇帆,等.马铃薯全程机械化生产技术与装备研究进展[J].农机化研究,2017,35(9):1-6.