军民合育国防科技人才的机制与路径:美国高校的经验及启示
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摘要
军民合育国防科技人才是我国军民融合发展战略的一项重要内容。作为世界军事科技强国的美国在依托普通高校培养国防科技人才方面,积累了十分丰富的实践经验。以美国高校服务职能拓展和军民合育人才教育思想演进为切入点,分析其国防科技人才培养的历史经验并探索其军民合育机制。最后基于美国经验,提出我国依托普通高校开展国防科技人才融合培育的对策建议。
Cultivating national defense science and technology talents through civilian-military integrative education is an important part of civilian-military integration development strategy in China. As a world military science and technology power, America has very rich practical experiences in this field. Taking the extension of American colleges and universities' serving functions and the evolution of ideas cultivating talents through civilian-military integrative education as an entry point, we analyzed the historical experience of cultivating national defense science and technology talents, and explored the civilian-military integrative education mechanism. Finally, based on American experiences, we came out with suggestions to carry out integrated training of national defense science and technology talents in China.
Cultivating national defense science and technology talents through civilian-military integrative education is an important part of civilian-military integration development strategy in China. As a world military science and technology power, America has very rich practical experiences in this field. Taking the extension of American colleges and universities' serving functions and the evolution of ideas cultivating talents through civilian-military integrative education as an entry point, we analyzed the historical experience of cultivating national defense science and technology talents, and explored the civilian-military integrative education mechanism. Finally, based on American experiences, we came out with suggestions to carry out integrated training of national defense science and technology talents in China.
引文
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[7][美]万尼瓦尔·布什. 科学——永无止境的前沿[M].北京:商务印书馆,2004:87-88.
[8]沈红.美国研究型大学形成与发展[M].武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1999:130.
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[15]石秀华.美欧科技人才队伍建设经验及对湖北的启示[J].科技进步与对策,2011(24):187-189.
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[28]Lincoln Laboratory. Eric Evans Receives Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense Pathfinder Award[EB/OL].(2018-03-28) [2018-07-28]. https://www.ll.mit.edu/news/eric-evans-receives-aegis-ballistic-missile-defense-pathfinder-award.
[29]国家统计局, 科学技术部, 财政部.2016年全国科技经费投入统计公报[EB/OL].(2017-10-10) [2017-12-25]. http://www.mof.gov.cn/zhengwuxinxi/caizhengxinwen/201710/t20171010_2717531.htm.
[2]Leslie S W. The Cold War and American Science: The Military-Industrial-Academic at MIT and Stanford[M].New York: Columbia University Press, 1993:78.
[3][美]威廉·博伊德,埃德蒙·金. 西方教育史[M].任宝祥,等,译.北京:人民教育出版社,1985:12.
[4]Neiberg M S. Making Citizen-Soldiers: ROTC and the Ideology of American Military Service[M].Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2000:1.
[5]张建卫,等.军民合育后备军官人才教育质量报告[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,2016:5.
[6]王书峰,陈学飞.军事因素对美国高等教育的影响及启示[J].北京大学教育评论,2004(4):96-101.
[7][美]万尼瓦尔·布什. 科学——永无止境的前沿[M].北京:商务印书馆,2004:87-88.
[8]沈红.美国研究型大学形成与发展[M].武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1999:130.
[9]韩少勇,孙少敏.从美国研究型大学看获得诺贝尔科学奖的外部条件[J].科学技术与辩证法,2001(6):68-71.
[10]Galama T, Hosek J. Competitiveness in Science and Technology[R].Santa Monica, CA: Rand Corporation, 2008:8.
[11]Brubacher J S, Rudy W. Higher Education in Transition: A History of American Colleges and Universities[M].New Brunswick and London, Transaction Publishers, 1997: 180.
[12]RAND Corporation[EB/OL]. [2018-04-10]. http://usa.dongyu.net.cn/Education/research/org/RAND Corporation.htm.
[13]Drake B. The Battle over ROTC[J].Johns Hopkins Magazine, 1969:3-4.
[14]蔺玄晋.中国特色国防生培养体系研究[D].武汉: 武汉理工大学博士学位论文,2013:100.
[15]石秀华.美欧科技人才队伍建设经验及对湖北的启示[J].科技进步与对策,2011(24):187-189.
[16]王英杰.美国高等教育的发展与改革[M].北京:人民教育出版社,1993:38.
[17]阮汝祥.中国特色军民融合理论与实践[M].北京:中国宇航出版社,2009:112.
[18]Total and Federally Financed Higher Education R&D Expenditures, by Type of R&D: FYs 1953-2015[EB/OL]. (2016-10-12) [2017-11-23]. https://ncsesdata.nsf.gov/herd/2015/index.html.
[19]刘云,等.美国基础研究管理体系、经费投入与配置模式及对我国的启示[J].中国基础科学,2013(3):42-52.
[20]Congressional Research Service Library of Congress. Science Policy Study Background Report NO.5: The Impact of Information Technology on Science[R].Washington, DC: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1986:38.
[21]National Science Foundation. Higher Education Research and Development Survey Fiscal Year 2015[EB/OL]. (2016-10-17) [2017-11-23].https://ncsesdata.nsf.gov/herd/2015/html.
[22]吴海.美国国会服务处发布《美国国防科技资金》报告[EB/OL]. (2018-03-05) [2018-04-03]. http:// www. sohu. com/a /2248 63504_635792.
[23]Lincoln Laboratory. Student Opportunities[EB/OL]. [2018-07-28]. https://www.ll.mit.edu/careers/student- opportunities.
[24]Lincoln Laboratory. Programs for Military Officers[EB/OL]. [2018-07-28]. https://www.ll.mit.edu/careers/programs-military- officers.
[25]黄宇红.美国刚大学内国家实验室的特征研究[J].环球瞭望,2014(4):44-47.
[26]MIT. Awards and Honors[EB/OL]. [2018-08-06]. http://web.mit.edu/ir/pop/awards/index.html.
[27]Lincoln Laboratory. Lincoln Laboratory Receives Six 2017 R&D 100 Awards[EB/OL]. (2017-11-07) [2018-07-28]. https://www.ll.mit.edu/news/lincoln-laboratory-receives-six-2017-rd-100-awards.
[28]Lincoln Laboratory. Eric Evans Receives Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense Pathfinder Award[EB/OL].(2018-03-28) [2018-07-28]. https://www.ll.mit.edu/news/eric-evans-receives-aegis-ballistic-missile-defense-pathfinder-award.
[29]国家统计局, 科学技术部, 财政部.2016年全国科技经费投入统计公报[EB/OL].(2017-10-10) [2017-12-25]. http://www.mof.gov.cn/zhengwuxinxi/caizhengxinwen/201710/t20171010_2717531.htm.