益生菌对青年鸽生长、免疫和抗氧化性能及繁殖相关基因表达的影响
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摘要
本试验旨在研究丁酸梭菌和乳酸菌对青年鸽生长性能、血清免疫指标和生化指标、肝脏抗氧化指标及与繁殖相关基因表达的影响。选取80日龄左右的雌性青年鸽384只,将其随机分成4组,每组6个重复,每个重复16只。其中A组饲喂基础饲粮,B、C和D组分别在基础饲粮中添加1×108CFU/kg丁酸梭菌、5×109CFU/kg乳酸菌和5×109CFU/kg乳酸菌+1×108CFU/kg丁酸梭菌。预试期7 d,试验期28 d。结果表明:1)与A组相比,B、C和D组青年鸽的平均日增重分别提高了22.0%、32.0%和22.0%,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。2)与A组相比,C和D组青年鸽血清中的免疫球蛋白M (IgM)含量显著提高(P<0.05),各组间血清中免疫球蛋白A(IgA)和免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量差异不显著(P>0.05)。3)与A组相比,D组青年鸽血清中的总胆固醇(TC)含量显著降低(P<0.05),B、C和D组血清中的甘油三酯(TG)含量均显著下降(P<0.05)。4)与A组相比,B、C和D组青年鸽肝脏中的过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性均显著提高(P <0.05),C和D组青年鸽肝脏中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)显著提高(P<0.05),D组青年鸽肝脏中的丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低(P <0.05)。5)与A组相比,C和D组青年鸽卵巢中的骨形态发生蛋白15(BMP15)、促卵泡素受体(FSHR)基因表达水平显著提高(P<0.05)。综上所述,在饲粮中添加丁酸梭菌和乳酸菌能够提高青年鸽肝脏抗氧化功能并增强机体免疫力,促进新陈代谢,从而提高青年鸽的生长性能,对青年鸽的繁殖潜力也起到促进作用。
The present study was designed to investigate the effects of Clostridium butyrate and Lactobacillus on growth performance,serum immunological and biochemical indexes,antioxidant capacity of liver and the expression of genes related to reproduction of young pigeons. A total of 384 female young pigeons about 80 days of age were randomly divided into 4 groups with 6 replicates in each group and each replicate having 16 pairs of young pigeons. Among them,group A was fed a basal diet. Groups B,C and D were fed diets added with 1×108 CFU/kg Clostridium butyrate,5 × 109 CFU/kg Lactobacillus,5 × 109 CFU/kg Lactobacillus + 1×108 CFU/kg Clostridium butyrate,respectively. The pretest period was 7 days and the trial period was 28 days.The results showed as follows: 1) compared with group A,the average daily gain( ADG) of young pigeons in groups B,C and D increased by 22.0%,32.0% and 22.0%,respectively,but the difference was not significant( P>0.05). 2) Compared with group A,immunoglobulin( Ig) Mcontent in serum of young pigeons in groups C and D significantly increased( P<0.05),but there was no significant difference in serum IgA,IgG contents among groups( P>0.05). 3) Compared with group A,the content of total cholesterol( TC) in serum of young pigeons in group D significantly decreased( P<0.05),and the content of triglyceride( TG) in serum in groups B,C and D decreased significantly( P<0.05). 4) Compared with group A,the activities of catalase( CAT),glutathione peroxidase( GSH-Px) in liver of young pigeons in groups B,C and D significantly increased( P<0.05),and the activity of superoxide dismutase( SOD) and total antioxidant capacity( T-AOC)in liver in groups C and D significantly increased( P < 0. 05),and the content of malonaldehyde( MDA) in liver in group D significantly decreased( P<0.05). 5) Compared with group A,the expressions of bone morphogenetic protein 15( BMP15) and follicle stimulating hormone receptor( FSHR) genes in ovary of young pigeons in groups C and D significantly increased( P < 0. 05). To sum up,adding Clostridium butyrate and Lactobacillus to diets can improve the antioxidant ability of liver,enhance immunity and promote metabolism of young pigeons,so as to improve the growth performance of young pigeons. It might also promote the reproductive performance of young pigeons.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31(7):3294-3301]
The present study was designed to investigate the effects of Clostridium butyrate and Lactobacillus on growth performance,serum immunological and biochemical indexes,antioxidant capacity of liver and the expression of genes related to reproduction of young pigeons. A total of 384 female young pigeons about 80 days of age were randomly divided into 4 groups with 6 replicates in each group and each replicate having 16 pairs of young pigeons. Among them,group A was fed a basal diet. Groups B,C and D were fed diets added with 1×108 CFU/kg Clostridium butyrate,5 × 109 CFU/kg Lactobacillus,5 × 109 CFU/kg Lactobacillus + 1×108 CFU/kg Clostridium butyrate,respectively. The pretest period was 7 days and the trial period was 28 days.The results showed as follows: 1) compared with group A,the average daily gain( ADG) of young pigeons in groups B,C and D increased by 22.0%,32.0% and 22.0%,respectively,but the difference was not significant( P>0.05). 2) Compared with group A,immunoglobulin( Ig) Mcontent in serum of young pigeons in groups C and D significantly increased( P<0.05),but there was no significant difference in serum IgA,IgG contents among groups( P>0.05). 3) Compared with group A,the content of total cholesterol( TC) in serum of young pigeons in group D significantly decreased( P<0.05),and the content of triglyceride( TG) in serum in groups B,C and D decreased significantly( P<0.05). 4) Compared with group A,the activities of catalase( CAT),glutathione peroxidase( GSH-Px) in liver of young pigeons in groups B,C and D significantly increased( P<0.05),and the activity of superoxide dismutase( SOD) and total antioxidant capacity( T-AOC)in liver in groups C and D significantly increased( P < 0. 05),and the content of malonaldehyde( MDA) in liver in group D significantly decreased( P<0.05). 5) Compared with group A,the expressions of bone morphogenetic protein 15( BMP15) and follicle stimulating hormone receptor( FSHR) genes in ovary of young pigeons in groups C and D significantly increased( P < 0. 05). To sum up,adding Clostridium butyrate and Lactobacillus to diets can improve the antioxidant ability of liver,enhance immunity and promote metabolism of young pigeons,so as to improve the growth performance of young pigeons. It might also promote the reproductive performance of young pigeons.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31(7):3294-3301]
引文
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[2]陈晓帅,杨海明,孟俊,等.复合益生菌制剂对白羽王鸽生长性能、屠宰性能、免疫器官指数和血清生化指标的影响[J].中国家禽,2016,38(16):33-37.
[3]贾丽楠,崔嘉,李占一,等.丁酸梭菌对肉仔鸡肠道致病菌抑菌作用研究[J].中国家禽,2017,39(23):22-25.
[4]马治宇.乳酸菌及其培养液对肉鸡生产性能、肠道菌群及肠道结构的影响[D].硕士学位论文.杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2008.
[5]于娜,郑捷,朱振元,等.黄芪渣虫草发酵物对白羽王鸽免疫活性的影响[J].天津科技大学学报,2017,32(2):13-18.
[6]陈晓帅,杨海明,孟俊,等.复合益生菌对乳鸽生长性能、屠宰性能、免疫器官指数和血清生化指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(7):2384-2390.
[7] ZHOU X,WANG Y,GU Q,et al. Effect of dietary probiotic,Bacillus coagulans,on growth performance,chemical composition,and meat quality of Guangxi Yellowchicken[J]. Poultry Science,2010,89(3):588-593.
[8] BAI S P,WU A M,DING X M,et al.Effects of probiotic-supplemented diets on growth performance and intestinal immune characteristics of broiler chickens[J].Poultry Science,2013,92(3):663-670.
[9]邓文,焦玉萍,徐彬,等.丁酸梭菌和低聚木糖对肉鸡生产性能、屠宰性能和肉品质的影响[J].中国家禽,2017,39(7):24-28.
[10] YANG C M,CAO G T,FERKET P R,et al.Effects of probiotic,Clostridium butyricum,on growth performance,immune function,and cecal microflora in broiler chickens[J]. Poultry Science,2012,91(9):2121-2129.
[11] RIVAS A L,FABRICANT J. Indications of immunodepression in chickens infected with various strains of Marek’s disease virus[J]. Avian Diseases,1988,32(1):1-8.
[12]徐基利.不同乳酸菌及其添加量对肉仔鸡生长性能、盲肠菌群和免疫功能的影响[D].硕士学位论文.哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2011.
[13] SUN P,WANG J Q,ZHANG H T.Effects of Bacillus subtilis natto on performance and immune function of preweaning calves[J]. Journal of Dairy Science,2010,93(12):5851-5855.
[14]郭欣怡,张曼,韩飞,等.不同益生菌制剂对肉鸡生产性能、免疫功能和肠道菌群的影响[J].家畜生态学报,2016,37(11):79-83.
[15]贾志新.丁酸梭菌对樱桃谷肉鸭生长性能、免疫和抗氧化功能及肠道食糜VFA含量的影响[D].硕士学位论文.南京:南京农业大学,2014.
[16]陈晓帅,杨海明,孟俊,等.益生菌对乳鸽生长性能、屠宰性能、免疫器官指数和血清生化指标的影响[J].中国饲料,2017(9):26-29,34.
[17]谢文惠,姜宁,王鑫,等.复合益生菌制剂对肉仔鸡养分表观利用率、血清生化指标和肠道黏膜形态的影响[J].动物营养学报,2018,30(4):1495-1503.
[18]邓文,董晓芳,佟建明.日粮添加地衣芽孢杆菌对热应激蛋鸡产蛋率和血清激素水平的影响[J].中国家禽,2011,33(13):23-25+29.
[19]林冬梅,祝国强,李玉兰,等.复合益生菌制剂对蛋种鸡血清生化指标的影响[J].饲料研究,2009(8):22-24.
[20]胡炜恒,郑文才,廖星毅,等.益生菌有机酸复合添加剂对AA肉鸡血清生化指标和消化道pH值的影响[J].广东饲料,2014,23(12):30-34.
[21] LIU H L,YANG C J,JING Y,et al.Ability of lactic acid bacteria isolated from mink to remove cholesterol:in vitro and in vivo studies[J].Canadian Journal of Microbiology,2013,59(8):563-569.
[22]沈雪娇,易丹,倪学勤,等.乳酸杆菌和囊素三肽对肉鸡生产性能、血清生化指标及免疫功能的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2014,19(1):125-130.
[23]吴凡,奚雨萌,唐波,等.不同蛋白水平日粮中添加益生素及有机酸复合制剂对青脚麻鸡免疫及抗氧化功能的影响[J].畜牧与兽医,2016,48(1):10-15.
[24]贾聪慧,杨彩梅,曾新福,等.丁酸梭菌对肉鸡生长性能、抗氧化能力、免疫功能和血清生化指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(3):908-915.
[25]赵建飞,胡贵丽,唐千甯,等.高粱型饲粮中添加复合酶和益生菌对良凤花肉鸡生长性能、血清抗氧化指标及肠道结构的影响[J].动物营养学报,2018,30(6):2318-2327.
[26]田浪,何彦侠,侯月娥,等.复合益生菌制剂对黄羽肉鸡生产性能、抗氧化指标及免疫功能的影响[J].中国兽医学报,2017,37(8):1540-1544,1582.
[27]余东游,毛翔飞,秦艳,等.枯草芽孢杆菌对肉鸡生长性能及其抗氧化和免疫功能的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2010,46(3):22-25.
[28] JAHNS F,WILHELMA,JABLONOWSKI N,et al.Butyrate modulates antioxidant enzyme expression in malignant and non-malignant human colon tissues[J].Molecular Carcinogenesis,2015,54(4):249-260.
[29] CHAUHAN R,VASANTHAKUMARI A S,PANWAR H,et al.Amelioration of colitis in mouse model by exploring antioxidative potentials of an indigenous probiotic strain of Lactobacillus fermentum Lf1[J].Biomed Research International,2014,2014:206732.
[30] PRAMOD R K,SHARMA S K,SINGHI A,et al.Differential ovarian morphometry and follicular expression of BMP15,G DF9 and BMPR1B influence the prolificacy in goat[J].Reproduction in Domestic Animals,2013,48(5):803-809.
[31]李春苗,黎寿丰,赵振华,等.BMP15外显子1 SNPs检测及其与邵伯鸡母系产蛋性状的关联性分析[J].畜牧兽医学报,2012,43(11):1825-1832.
[32]曹伟.硒对肉鸽生产性能及其相关基因表达的影响[D].硕士学位论文.扬州:扬州大学,2016.
[33]李仰白.光照对白羽王鸽生产性能、激素水平及相关基因表达的影响[D].硕士学位论文.扬州:扬州大学,2017.
[2]陈晓帅,杨海明,孟俊,等.复合益生菌制剂对白羽王鸽生长性能、屠宰性能、免疫器官指数和血清生化指标的影响[J].中国家禽,2016,38(16):33-37.
[3]贾丽楠,崔嘉,李占一,等.丁酸梭菌对肉仔鸡肠道致病菌抑菌作用研究[J].中国家禽,2017,39(23):22-25.
[4]马治宇.乳酸菌及其培养液对肉鸡生产性能、肠道菌群及肠道结构的影响[D].硕士学位论文.杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2008.
[5]于娜,郑捷,朱振元,等.黄芪渣虫草发酵物对白羽王鸽免疫活性的影响[J].天津科技大学学报,2017,32(2):13-18.
[6]陈晓帅,杨海明,孟俊,等.复合益生菌对乳鸽生长性能、屠宰性能、免疫器官指数和血清生化指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(7):2384-2390.
[7] ZHOU X,WANG Y,GU Q,et al. Effect of dietary probiotic,Bacillus coagulans,on growth performance,chemical composition,and meat quality of Guangxi Yellowchicken[J]. Poultry Science,2010,89(3):588-593.
[8] BAI S P,WU A M,DING X M,et al.Effects of probiotic-supplemented diets on growth performance and intestinal immune characteristics of broiler chickens[J].Poultry Science,2013,92(3):663-670.
[9]邓文,焦玉萍,徐彬,等.丁酸梭菌和低聚木糖对肉鸡生产性能、屠宰性能和肉品质的影响[J].中国家禽,2017,39(7):24-28.
[10] YANG C M,CAO G T,FERKET P R,et al.Effects of probiotic,Clostridium butyricum,on growth performance,immune function,and cecal microflora in broiler chickens[J]. Poultry Science,2012,91(9):2121-2129.
[11] RIVAS A L,FABRICANT J. Indications of immunodepression in chickens infected with various strains of Marek’s disease virus[J]. Avian Diseases,1988,32(1):1-8.
[12]徐基利.不同乳酸菌及其添加量对肉仔鸡生长性能、盲肠菌群和免疫功能的影响[D].硕士学位论文.哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2011.
[13] SUN P,WANG J Q,ZHANG H T.Effects of Bacillus subtilis natto on performance and immune function of preweaning calves[J]. Journal of Dairy Science,2010,93(12):5851-5855.
[14]郭欣怡,张曼,韩飞,等.不同益生菌制剂对肉鸡生产性能、免疫功能和肠道菌群的影响[J].家畜生态学报,2016,37(11):79-83.
[15]贾志新.丁酸梭菌对樱桃谷肉鸭生长性能、免疫和抗氧化功能及肠道食糜VFA含量的影响[D].硕士学位论文.南京:南京农业大学,2014.
[16]陈晓帅,杨海明,孟俊,等.益生菌对乳鸽生长性能、屠宰性能、免疫器官指数和血清生化指标的影响[J].中国饲料,2017(9):26-29,34.
[17]谢文惠,姜宁,王鑫,等.复合益生菌制剂对肉仔鸡养分表观利用率、血清生化指标和肠道黏膜形态的影响[J].动物营养学报,2018,30(4):1495-1503.
[18]邓文,董晓芳,佟建明.日粮添加地衣芽孢杆菌对热应激蛋鸡产蛋率和血清激素水平的影响[J].中国家禽,2011,33(13):23-25+29.
[19]林冬梅,祝国强,李玉兰,等.复合益生菌制剂对蛋种鸡血清生化指标的影响[J].饲料研究,2009(8):22-24.
[20]胡炜恒,郑文才,廖星毅,等.益生菌有机酸复合添加剂对AA肉鸡血清生化指标和消化道pH值的影响[J].广东饲料,2014,23(12):30-34.
[21] LIU H L,YANG C J,JING Y,et al.Ability of lactic acid bacteria isolated from mink to remove cholesterol:in vitro and in vivo studies[J].Canadian Journal of Microbiology,2013,59(8):563-569.
[22]沈雪娇,易丹,倪学勤,等.乳酸杆菌和囊素三肽对肉鸡生产性能、血清生化指标及免疫功能的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2014,19(1):125-130.
[23]吴凡,奚雨萌,唐波,等.不同蛋白水平日粮中添加益生素及有机酸复合制剂对青脚麻鸡免疫及抗氧化功能的影响[J].畜牧与兽医,2016,48(1):10-15.
[24]贾聪慧,杨彩梅,曾新福,等.丁酸梭菌对肉鸡生长性能、抗氧化能力、免疫功能和血清生化指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(3):908-915.
[25]赵建飞,胡贵丽,唐千甯,等.高粱型饲粮中添加复合酶和益生菌对良凤花肉鸡生长性能、血清抗氧化指标及肠道结构的影响[J].动物营养学报,2018,30(6):2318-2327.
[26]田浪,何彦侠,侯月娥,等.复合益生菌制剂对黄羽肉鸡生产性能、抗氧化指标及免疫功能的影响[J].中国兽医学报,2017,37(8):1540-1544,1582.
[27]余东游,毛翔飞,秦艳,等.枯草芽孢杆菌对肉鸡生长性能及其抗氧化和免疫功能的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2010,46(3):22-25.
[28] JAHNS F,WILHELMA,JABLONOWSKI N,et al.Butyrate modulates antioxidant enzyme expression in malignant and non-malignant human colon tissues[J].Molecular Carcinogenesis,2015,54(4):249-260.
[29] CHAUHAN R,VASANTHAKUMARI A S,PANWAR H,et al.Amelioration of colitis in mouse model by exploring antioxidative potentials of an indigenous probiotic strain of Lactobacillus fermentum Lf1[J].Biomed Research International,2014,2014:206732.
[30] PRAMOD R K,SHARMA S K,SINGHI A,et al.Differential ovarian morphometry and follicular expression of BMP15,G DF9 and BMPR1B influence the prolificacy in goat[J].Reproduction in Domestic Animals,2013,48(5):803-809.
[31]李春苗,黎寿丰,赵振华,等.BMP15外显子1 SNPs检测及其与邵伯鸡母系产蛋性状的关联性分析[J].畜牧兽医学报,2012,43(11):1825-1832.
[32]曹伟.硒对肉鸽生产性能及其相关基因表达的影响[D].硕士学位论文.扬州:扬州大学,2016.
[33]李仰白.光照对白羽王鸽生产性能、激素水平及相关基因表达的影响[D].硕士学位论文.扬州:扬州大学,2017.