中国海域浮式天然气生产液化储卸装置(FLNG)台风模式研究
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摘要
为了解决浮式天然气生产液化储卸装置(FLNG)在恶劣海域、特别是台风频发海域的操作问题,基于南中国海的环境条件,分析了中国海域的台风特点,分别就台风来临时FLNG不解脱操作方案及FLNG解脱和撤离操作方案进行了对比研究,并针对FLNG不解脱操作方案所面临的LNG隔离舱温度场、台风期间蒸发气处理及扩散、浅水区平台台风发电机方案等技术难题进行了攻关研究。结果表明:①从操作便利、安全和提高油气田效益的角度,建议将FLNG设计为台风期间不解脱操作方案;②设置船中压载舱,可确保E级钢在FLNG中、特别是台风期间的使用安全;③台风期间放空管达到一定高度后,最危险工况的BOG扩散仍是安全的;④设计4组、每组5根的系泊系统,能确保台风期间FLNG不解脱时的系泊强度问题;⑤台风来临时,FLNG生产装置停止生产并泄压,人员实施有计划的撤离,待台风离开后,人员返回FLNG并开车生产,可有效提高效率,保证FLNG的操作便利和系统安全。
For solving the operation problems of Floating Liquid Natural Gas(FLNG) vessels in harsh sea areas, especially in the areas where typhoon happens frequently, the characteristics of cyclone(typhoon) in China sea areas were analyzed based on the environmental conditions of the South China Sea. Then, the FLNG connection operation and the FLNG disconnection and evacuation plans in the situation of cyclones were compared. And finally, a series of research was carried out on the technical difficulties related to the FLNG connection operation plan, such as the temperature field of LNG cofferdam, the vapor treatment and diffusion during a cyclone, such as a typhoon, and the typhoon generator at the shallow-water platform. Based on these analysis and research, the following recommendations were proposed. First, it is recommended to adopt the FLNG connection operation plan during a typhoon to guarantee convenient and safe operation and to improve oil and gas field benefits. Second, a ballast cabin can be set inside the vessel to ensure the safety of Grade E steel in FLNG, especially during a typhoon. Third, BOG diffusion can be still safe in the most dangerous working condition when the vent pipe reaches a certain height during a typhoon. Fourth, four groups of mooring systems(five pieces in each group) can be designed to guarantee the mooring strength of FLNG connection operation during a typhoon. And fifth, when a typhoon arrives, it is necessary to stop FLNG, release the pressure and organize personnel evacuation in a planned way. After the typhoon leaves, personnel return and start FLNG for production again. In this way, efficiency can be increased effectively, and the operational convenience and safety of FLNG vessels can be ensured.
For solving the operation problems of Floating Liquid Natural Gas(FLNG) vessels in harsh sea areas, especially in the areas where typhoon happens frequently, the characteristics of cyclone(typhoon) in China sea areas were analyzed based on the environmental conditions of the South China Sea. Then, the FLNG connection operation and the FLNG disconnection and evacuation plans in the situation of cyclones were compared. And finally, a series of research was carried out on the technical difficulties related to the FLNG connection operation plan, such as the temperature field of LNG cofferdam, the vapor treatment and diffusion during a cyclone, such as a typhoon, and the typhoon generator at the shallow-water platform. Based on these analysis and research, the following recommendations were proposed. First, it is recommended to adopt the FLNG connection operation plan during a typhoon to guarantee convenient and safe operation and to improve oil and gas field benefits. Second, a ballast cabin can be set inside the vessel to ensure the safety of Grade E steel in FLNG, especially during a typhoon. Third, BOG diffusion can be still safe in the most dangerous working condition when the vent pipe reaches a certain height during a typhoon. Fourth, four groups of mooring systems(five pieces in each group) can be designed to guarantee the mooring strength of FLNG connection operation during a typhoon. And fifth, when a typhoon arrives, it is necessary to stop FLNG, release the pressure and organize personnel evacuation in a planned way. After the typhoon leaves, personnel return and start FLNG for production again. In this way, efficiency can be increased effectively, and the operational convenience and safety of FLNG vessels can be ensured.
引文
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[10]王立权,郭士清,弓海霞,尚宪朝.深水多功能管道维修机具夹紧装置的研制[J].天然气工业,2015,35(12):83-90.Wang Liquan,Guo Shiqing,Gong Haixia&Shang Xianchao.Research and development of a self-centering clamping device for deep-water multifunctional pipeline repair machinery[J].Natural Gas Industry,2015,35(12):83-90.
[11]吴尧增,王文祥,洪毅,柯尔钦乎.FLNG液化冷剂压缩机和主制冷换热器关键技术的突破[J].天然气工业,2016,36(1):129-136.Wu Yaozeng,Wang Wenxiang,Hong Yi&Keer Qinhu.Key FLNG liquefaction technologies for refrigerant compressors and main cryogenic heat exchangers[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(1):129-136.
[12]陈帅,张智旋.LNG接收站在海水低温条件下的ORV节能运行技术[J].天然气工业,2016,36(5):106-114.Chen Shuai&Zhang Zhixuan.Energy-saving operation of ORV under low seawater temperatures at LNG terminals[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(5):106-114.
[13]刘婷婷,张文首,骆松,岳前进.LNG围护系统结构失效模式的有限元模拟[J].天然气工业,2015,35(3):110-114.Liu Tingting,Zhang Wenshou,Luo Song&Yue Qianjin.Finite element simulation of structural failure modes of an LNG containment system[J].Natural Gas Industry,2015,35(3):110-114.
[14]赵镇南.传热学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2002.Zhao Zhennan.Heat transfer[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2002.
[15]薛倩,刘名瑞,肖文涛,王晓霖,张久久.LNG接收站BOG处理工艺优化及功耗分析[J].油气储运,2016,35(4):376-380.Xue Qian,Liu Mingrui,Xiao Wentao,Wang Xiaolin&Zhang Jiujiu.Optimization and energy consumption analysis of BOG treatment processes in LNG terminal[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2016,35(4):376-380.
[16]金明皇,许克军,程松民,彭斌望.大型LNG储罐静态日蒸发率的计算方法[J].油气储运,2016,35(4):386-390.Jin Minghuang,Xu Kejun,Cheng Songmin&Peng Binwang.Calculation of static daily evaporation rate for large LNG storage tanks[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2016,35(4):386-390.
[2]王春节,魏林瑞,张磊.浮式液化天然气液化工艺综述[J].化学工业,2010,28(2/3):27-29.Wang Chunjie,Wei Linrui&Zhang Lei.Process technology of floating LNG[J].Chemical Industry,2010,28(2/3):27-29.
[3]薄玉宝.浮式液化天然气(FLNG)技术在中国海上开发应用探讨[J].中国海洋平台,2013,28(3):1-5.Bo Yubao.Floating liquefied natural gas(FLNG)technology in China offshore development application to discussion[J].China Offshore Platform,2013,28(3):1-5.
[4]夏丹,郑云萍,李剑峰,肖杰.浮式液化天然气技术综述[J].油气储运,2013,31(3):9-13.Xia Dan,Zheng Yunping,Li Jianfeng&Xiao Jie.Review on floating LNG production facility technology[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2013,31(3):9-13.
[5]吴尧增,王文祥,洪毅,朱莉娅.API 616-2011标准更新及其在海上平台的适用性[J].油气储运,2016,35(10):1127-1131.Wu Yaozeng,Wang Wenxiang,Hong Yi&Zhu Liya.API 616-2011 standard updates and its applicability to offshore platforms[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2016,35(10):1127-1131.
[6]唐建峰,杨帆,崔健,褚洁,张豪杰,修云飞.晃动对FLNG排管式液体分布器性能的影响[J].天然气工业,2016,36(1):123-128.Tang Jianfeng,Yang Fan,Cui Jian,Chu Jie,Zhang Haojie&Xiu Yunfei.Effects of sloshing on the performance of FLNG calandria liquid distributors[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(1):123-128.
[7]霍成索,石一丁,林影炼.海底输气管道泄漏对邻近海上平台的影响[J].油气储运,2016,35(9):1005-1013.Huo Chengsuo,Shi Yiding&Lin Yinglian.Effects of subsea gas pipeline leakage on adjacent offshore platform[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2016,35(9):1005-1013.
[8]陈杰,花亦怀,苏清博,万学丽,李振林.中国首套LNG液力透平系统开发与工业化测试[J].天然气工业,2016,36(5):98-105.Chen Jie,Hua Yihuai,Su Qingbo,Wan Xueli&Li Zhenlin.Development and industrial tests of the first LNG hydraulic turbine system in China[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(5):98-105.
[9]余建星,李妍,马维林,刘源,林秋雅.FLNG装卸载系统流动特性仿真研究[J].天津大学学报(自然科学与工程技术版),2014,47(2):124-130.Yu Jianxing,Li Yan,Ma Weilin,Liu Yuan&Lin Qiuya.Operation simulation of FLNG offloading system[J].Journal of Tianjin University(Science and Technology),2014,47(2):124-130.
[10]王立权,郭士清,弓海霞,尚宪朝.深水多功能管道维修机具夹紧装置的研制[J].天然气工业,2015,35(12):83-90.Wang Liquan,Guo Shiqing,Gong Haixia&Shang Xianchao.Research and development of a self-centering clamping device for deep-water multifunctional pipeline repair machinery[J].Natural Gas Industry,2015,35(12):83-90.
[11]吴尧增,王文祥,洪毅,柯尔钦乎.FLNG液化冷剂压缩机和主制冷换热器关键技术的突破[J].天然气工业,2016,36(1):129-136.Wu Yaozeng,Wang Wenxiang,Hong Yi&Keer Qinhu.Key FLNG liquefaction technologies for refrigerant compressors and main cryogenic heat exchangers[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(1):129-136.
[12]陈帅,张智旋.LNG接收站在海水低温条件下的ORV节能运行技术[J].天然气工业,2016,36(5):106-114.Chen Shuai&Zhang Zhixuan.Energy-saving operation of ORV under low seawater temperatures at LNG terminals[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(5):106-114.
[13]刘婷婷,张文首,骆松,岳前进.LNG围护系统结构失效模式的有限元模拟[J].天然气工业,2015,35(3):110-114.Liu Tingting,Zhang Wenshou,Luo Song&Yue Qianjin.Finite element simulation of structural failure modes of an LNG containment system[J].Natural Gas Industry,2015,35(3):110-114.
[14]赵镇南.传热学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2002.Zhao Zhennan.Heat transfer[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2002.
[15]薛倩,刘名瑞,肖文涛,王晓霖,张久久.LNG接收站BOG处理工艺优化及功耗分析[J].油气储运,2016,35(4):376-380.Xue Qian,Liu Mingrui,Xiao Wentao,Wang Xiaolin&Zhang Jiujiu.Optimization and energy consumption analysis of BOG treatment processes in LNG terminal[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2016,35(4):376-380.
[16]金明皇,许克军,程松民,彭斌望.大型LNG储罐静态日蒸发率的计算方法[J].油气储运,2016,35(4):386-390.Jin Minghuang,Xu Kejun,Cheng Songmin&Peng Binwang.Calculation of static daily evaporation rate for large LNG storage tanks[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2016,35(4):386-390.