中国首套LNG液力透平系统开发与工业化测试
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摘要
天然气液化装置中采用低温液力透平替代传统LNG或MR混合冷剂J-T节流阀实现节流降压是提高天然气液化装置效率的先进技术,也是全球天然气液化技术发展的一种趋势。我国目前已拥有超过136座的天然气液化工厂,但尚未实现低温液力透平的国产化和工业化应用。为此,通过对LNG液力透平工艺及控制系统开发、本体水力模型优化设计、样机结构设计与制造等关键技术进行攻关,开发了国内首套LNG液力透平系统(设计流量为40 m3/h),用于回收LNG冷箱出口LNG压力能。LNG液力透平系统在中海石油广东液化天然气有限公司天然气液化装置完成了系统启停、变流量、变转速多工况工业化测试。测试结果表明:1样机本体运转平稳,低温机械性能良好,运行性能参数基本达到设计预期;2工艺及控制系统、变频发电系统设计可行,可与已有天然气液化装置上的LNG产品J-T节流阀自动平稳切换使用,平均可提高LNG产量2%,发电8.3 k W。
The cryogenic hydraulic turbine can be used to replace the conventional J-T valve for LNG or mixed refrigerant throttling and depressurization in a natural gas liquefaction plant. This advanced technology is not only to enhance the efficiency of the liquefaction plant, but to usher a new trend in the development of global liquefaction technologies. China has over 136 liquefaction plants, but the cryogenic hydraulic turbines have not been deployed in industrial utilization. In addition, these turbines cannot be manufactured domestically. In this circumstance, through working on the key technologies for LNG hydraulic turbine process & control system development, hydraulic model optimization design, structure design and manufacturing, the first domestic cryogenic hydraulic turbine with a flow rate of 40 m3/h was developed to recover the pressure energy from the LNG of cold box. The turbine was installed in the CNOOC Zhuhai Natural Gas Liquefaction Plant for industrial tests under multiple working conditions, including start–stop, variable flow rates and variable rotation speeds. Test results show that the domestic LNG cryogenic hydraulic turbine has satisfactory mechanical and operational performances at low temperatures as specified in design. In addition, the process & control system and frequency-conversion power-generation system of the turbine system are designed properly to automatically and smoothly replace the existing LNG J-T valve. As a result, the domestic LNG cryogenic hydraulic turbine system can improve LNG production by an average of 2% and generate power of 8.3 k W.
The cryogenic hydraulic turbine can be used to replace the conventional J-T valve for LNG or mixed refrigerant throttling and depressurization in a natural gas liquefaction plant. This advanced technology is not only to enhance the efficiency of the liquefaction plant, but to usher a new trend in the development of global liquefaction technologies. China has over 136 liquefaction plants, but the cryogenic hydraulic turbines have not been deployed in industrial utilization. In addition, these turbines cannot be manufactured domestically. In this circumstance, through working on the key technologies for LNG hydraulic turbine process & control system development, hydraulic model optimization design, structure design and manufacturing, the first domestic cryogenic hydraulic turbine with a flow rate of 40 m3/h was developed to recover the pressure energy from the LNG of cold box. The turbine was installed in the CNOOC Zhuhai Natural Gas Liquefaction Plant for industrial tests under multiple working conditions, including start–stop, variable flow rates and variable rotation speeds. Test results show that the domestic LNG cryogenic hydraulic turbine has satisfactory mechanical and operational performances at low temperatures as specified in design. In addition, the process & control system and frequency-conversion power-generation system of the turbine system are designed properly to automatically and smoothly replace the existing LNG J-T valve. As a result, the domestic LNG cryogenic hydraulic turbine system can improve LNG production by an average of 2% and generate power of 8.3 k W.
引文
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[13]Wang Ke,Sun Jinju,Song Peng.Experimental study of cryogenic liquid turbine expander with closed-loop liquefied nitrogen system[J].Cryogenics,2015,67(4):4-14.
[14]Hans E.Kimmel.Speed controlled turbines for power recovery in cryogenic and chemical processing[J].World Pumps,1997,369(6):46-49.
[15]Kanoglu M.Cryogenic turbine efficiencies[J].Exergy,2001,1(3):202-208.
[16]Austb?B,Gundersen T.Optimization of a single expander LNG process[J].Energy Procedia,2015,64(1):63-72.
[17]化工部化工设备设计技术中心站机泵技术委员会.工业泵选用手册[M].北京:化学工业出版社,1998.The Machine Pump Technology Committee of Chemical Equipment Design Technology Center.Industrial Pump Selection Handbook[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,1998.
[18]吴应德,祁应军,边元立,刘霞,孟宪林,崔保顺.液力透平回收能量影响因素分析及措施[J].化工机械,2011,38(5):607-609.Wu Yingde,Qi Yingjun,Bian Yuanli,Liu Xia,Meng Xianlin,Cui Baoshun.Analysis and measures of hydraulic turbine recycle energy infl uence factors[J].Chemical Engineering&Machinery,2011,38(5):607-609.
[2]毕智高,杨军虎,赵维元.能量回收液力透平的研究现状及展望[J].流体机械,2014,42(8):58-62.Bi Zhigao,Yang Junhu,Zhao Weiyuan.Status of research of hydraulic turbines for energy recovery[J].Flu id Machinery,2014,42(8):58-62.
[3]杨军虎,张雪宁,王晓辉,孙庆冲,张建华.能量回收液力透平研究综述[J].流体机械,2011,39(6):29-33.Yang Junhu,Zhang Xuening,Wang Xiaohui,Sun Qingchong,Zhang Jianhua.Overview of research on energy recovery hydraulic turbine[J].Fluid Machinery,2011,39(6):29-33.
[4]杨守智,王遇东.天然气脱硫脱碳富液能量回收方法的研究与选择[J].石油与天然气化工,2006,35(5):364-367.Yang Shouzhi,Wang Yudong.Study and choice for the method of high-pressured rich-liquid energy recovery of natural gas desulfuation and decarbonization unit[J].Chemical Engineering of Oil&Gas,2006,35(5):364-367.
[5]张立胜,裴爱霞,术阿杰,李杨涛.特大型天然气净化装置液力透平能量回收技术优化[J].天然气工业,2012,32(7):72-76.Zhang Lisheng,Pei Aixia,Shu Ajie,Li Yangtao.Optimization of power recovery turbine in the ultra-large natural gas purifi cation plant,Puguang Gas Field[J].Natural Gas Industry,2012,32(7):72-76.
[6]Hwa CC,Kimmel HE.Two-phase LNG expanders replace twophase joule-thomson valves[C]//2004 AICh E Spring National Meeting,25-29 April 2004,New Orleans,Louisiana,USA.DOI:http://www.ebaraintl.com/ebara-cryo/technical-papers/two-phase-lngexpanders-replace-two-phase-joule-thomson-valves/.
[7]Amsyari M,Zudiharto,Madison JV,Kimmel HE.LNG expander for extended operating range in large-scale liquefaction trains[C]//2005 AICh E Spring National Meeting,10-14 April2005,Atlanta,Georgia,USA.DOI:http://www.ebaraintl.com/ebara-cryo/technical-papers/lng-expander-for-extended-operating-range-in-large-scale-liquefaction-trains/.
[8]Kikkawa Y,Liu Yunan,Mukaiboh A,Hwa CC,Kimmel HE.Two-phase expanders increase capacity of LNG liquefaction trains[C]//2006 AICh E Spring National Meeting,23-27 April 2006,Orlando,Florida,USA.DOI:http://www.ebaraintl.com/ebara-cryo/technical-papers/two-phase-expanders-increase-capacity-of-lng-liquefaction-trains/.
[9]Hwa CC,Kikkawa Y,Kimmel HE,Liu Yunan.New cryogenic two-phase expanders in LNG production[C]//2003 AICh E Spring National Meeting:Third Topical Conference on Natural Gas Utilization,30 March-3 April 2003,New Orleans,Louisiana,USA.DOI:http://www.ebaraintl.com/ebara-cryo/technical-papers/new-cryogenic-two-phase-expanders-in-lng-production/.
[10]Hwa CC,Kimmel HE.Turbo-expander technology development for LNG plants[C]//The 13th International Conference&Exhibition on Liquefied Natural Gas,29 May 2001,Seoul,Korea.DOI:http://www.ebaraintl.com/ebara-cryo/technical-papers/turboexpander-technology-development-for-lng-plants/.
[11]Cholast K,Kociemba A,Isalski H,Madison J,Heath JC.Twophase LNG expanders[C]//Gas Processors Association:GTL and LNG in Europe,24-25 February 2005,Amsterdam,The Netherlands.DOI:http://www.ebaraintl.com/ebara-cryo/technical-papers/two-phase-lng-expanders/.
[12]Cholast K,Kociemba A,Heath JC,Kimmel HE.Technology assesment for two-phase LNG expanders operating for ten years in gas liquefaction process[C]//Gas Processors Association Europe30th Annual Conference,18-20 September 2013,Edinburgh,UK.DOI:http://www.ebaraintl.com/ebara-cryo/technical-papers/technology-assessment-for-two-phase-lng-expanders-operatingfor-ten-years-in-gas-liquefaction-process/.
[13]Wang Ke,Sun Jinju,Song Peng.Experimental study of cryogenic liquid turbine expander with closed-loop liquefied nitrogen system[J].Cryogenics,2015,67(4):4-14.
[14]Hans E.Kimmel.Speed controlled turbines for power recovery in cryogenic and chemical processing[J].World Pumps,1997,369(6):46-49.
[15]Kanoglu M.Cryogenic turbine efficiencies[J].Exergy,2001,1(3):202-208.
[16]Austb?B,Gundersen T.Optimization of a single expander LNG process[J].Energy Procedia,2015,64(1):63-72.
[17]化工部化工设备设计技术中心站机泵技术委员会.工业泵选用手册[M].北京:化学工业出版社,1998.The Machine Pump Technology Committee of Chemical Equipment Design Technology Center.Industrial Pump Selection Handbook[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,1998.
[18]吴应德,祁应军,边元立,刘霞,孟宪林,崔保顺.液力透平回收能量影响因素分析及措施[J].化工机械,2011,38(5):607-609.Wu Yingde,Qi Yingjun,Bian Yuanli,Liu Xia,Meng Xianlin,Cui Baoshun.Analysis and measures of hydraulic turbine recycle energy infl uence factors[J].Chemical Engineering&Machinery,2011,38(5):607-609.