圆管铝型材挤压模具失效分析及其热处理工艺优化
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摘要
采用残骸分析法研究H13钢圆管铝型材挤压模具失效的凸模发现,分流桥脆性开裂的主要原因是热处理不当,并用正交试验法对热处理工艺参数进行优化。结果表明:经过优化工艺热处理后,退火态组织为颗粒状渗碳体弥散在铁素体上的球状珠光体,淬火态组织为细针马氏体+残余奥氏体+剩余碳化物,回火态组织为碳化物颗粒细小、分布均匀的回火屈氏体+回火马氏体+残余渗碳体,材料的各项力学性能为:抗拉强度为1549 MPa、屈服强度为1420 MPa、冲击韧性为34.7 J·cm-2、伸长率为15.2%、断面收缩率为36.7%和硬度为49.6 HRC,为避免模具脆性开裂失效提供了良好的金相组织和力学性能保证。
By wreckage analysis method,a study on the failure punch of H13 steel circular tube aluminum alloy after extrusion was carried out. It is found that improper heat treatment condition causes the shunt bridge cracking. And the parameters of heat treatment process were optimized by orthogonal experiment. The results show that after optimizing the heat treatment process,annealed microstructure is spheroidal pearlite of granular cementite dispersing on ferrite,quenched microstructure is needle-type martensite + residual austenite +remaining carbides,and tempered microstructure is tempered troostite with uniform distribution of fine carbide particles + tempered martensite + residual cementite. The mechanical properties of materials,such as tensile strength,yield strength,impact toughness,elongation,reduction rate of cross section and hardness of the material,are 1549 MPa,1420 MPa,34. 7 J·cm- 2,15. 2%,36. 7%,and49. 6 HRC respectively. A good metallographic structure and mechanical properties are obtained to avoid brittle cracking in the die.
By wreckage analysis method,a study on the failure punch of H13 steel circular tube aluminum alloy after extrusion was carried out. It is found that improper heat treatment condition causes the shunt bridge cracking. And the parameters of heat treatment process were optimized by orthogonal experiment. The results show that after optimizing the heat treatment process,annealed microstructure is spheroidal pearlite of granular cementite dispersing on ferrite,quenched microstructure is needle-type martensite + residual austenite +remaining carbides,and tempered microstructure is tempered troostite with uniform distribution of fine carbide particles + tempered martensite + residual cementite. The mechanical properties of materials,such as tensile strength,yield strength,impact toughness,elongation,reduction rate of cross section and hardness of the material,are 1549 MPa,1420 MPa,34. 7 J·cm- 2,15. 2%,36. 7%,and49. 6 HRC respectively. A good metallographic structure and mechanical properties are obtained to avoid brittle cracking in the die.
引文
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[13]谭喜平,宋东福,郑开宏,等.机械振动对再生铝合金组织和力学性能的影响[J].稀有金属,2014,38(2):185-191.Tan X P,Song D F,Zheng K H,et al.Microstructure and mechanical properties of aluminum alloy recycled by cast with mechanical vibration[J].Chinese Journal of Rare Metals,2014,38(2):185-191.
[2]林高用,郑小燕.热处理工艺对H13钢组织与性能的影响[J].热加工工艺,2007,36(4):46-48.Lin G Y,Zheng X Y.Effects of heat treatment process on microstructure mechanical properties of H13 steel[J].Hot Working Technology,2007,36(4):46-48.
[3]晏广华,黄新民,褚作明,等.不同热处理工艺下H13钢组织性能的变化[J].合肥工业大学学报:自然科学版,2011,34(6):834-837.Yan G H,Huang X M,Chu Z M,et al.Effects of heat treatment on mechanical properties of H13 steel[J].Journal of Hefei University of Technology:Natural Science,2011,34(6):834-837.
[4]庞祖高,唐志强,栗育琴,等.挤压温度对温挤压模具早期失效的模拟分析与探讨[J].热加工工艺,2010,39(5):167-169.Pang Z G,Tang Z Q,Li Y Q,et al.Simulation analysis and discussion of influence of extrusion temperature on early failure of warm extrusion die[J].Hot Working Technology,2010,39(5):167-169.
[5]张聪聪,陈荣立,罗付秋,等.热处理工艺对H13钢组织与性能的影响[J].金属热处理,2012,37(10):119-121.Zhang C C,Chen R L,Luo F Q,et al.Effect of heat treatment process on microstructure and properties of H13 steel[J].Heat Treatment of Metals,2012,37(10):119-121.
[6]卢国辉,黄拿灿,黄惠平.H13铝型材挤压模具早期开裂失效分析[J].模具工业,2001,27(4):48-51.Lu G H,Huang N C,Huang H P.Analysis of early cracking failure of H13 aluminium extrusion dies[J].Die&Mould Industry,2001,27(4):48-51.
[7]苑慧萍,李志念,赵旭山,等.热处理对Nd-Mg-Ni储氢合金结构和性能的影响[J].稀有金属,2013,37(3):342-347.Yuan H P,Li Z N,Zhao X S,et al.Effect of heat treatment on structure and properties of Nd-Mg-Ni system hydrogen storage electrode alloys[J].Chinese Journal of Rare Metals,2013,37(3):342-347.
[8]高安江,王明坤,孙文超,等.H13铝型材挤压模具失效分析及改进[J].轻合金加工技术,2014,40(1):34-38.Gao A J,Wang M K,Sun W C,et al.Failure analysis and improvement of H13 aluminium extrusion die[J].Light Alloy Fabrication Technology,2014,40(1):34-38.
[9]徐永礼,庞祖高,唐夏翔.基于Deform-3D的异型铝型材挤压模具开裂失效分析与参数优化[J].锻压技术,2014,39(4):97-103.Xu Y L,Pang Z G,Tang X X.Cracking failure analysis and parameter optimization of special-shaped aluminum profile extrusion die base on Deform-3D[J].Forging&Stamping Technology,2014,39(4):97-103.
[10]黄爱云,陈东海,张宝强.铝型材热挤压模具的断裂及钢材断裂韧性的研究[J].焦作工学院学报,2000,19(5):373-376.Huang A Y,Chen D H,Zhang B Q.Research on fracture of aluminium hot extrusion dies and fracture toughness of steel[J].Journal of Jiaozuo Institute of Technology,2000,19(5):373-376.
[11]顾敏,王红伟,赵少甫.H13钢模套开裂原因分析[J].金属热处理,2012,37(8):75-78.Gu M,Wang H W,Zhao S F.Analysis of H13 steel die set cracking[J].Heat Treatment of Metals,2012,37(8):75-78.
[12]王荣.铝型材挤压模具开裂原因分析[J].机械工程材料,2008,32(2):63-66.Wang R.Analysis on cracking mechanism of the mould for aluminium extruded sections[J].Materials for Mechanical Engineering,2008,32(2):63-66.
[13]谭喜平,宋东福,郑开宏,等.机械振动对再生铝合金组织和力学性能的影响[J].稀有金属,2014,38(2):185-191.Tan X P,Song D F,Zheng K H,et al.Microstructure and mechanical properties of aluminum alloy recycled by cast with mechanical vibration[J].Chinese Journal of Rare Metals,2014,38(2):185-191.