山东省东营市农田土壤PAHs污染特征及风险评估
|
摘要
以山东省东营市80个表层农田土样为研究对象,研究16种多环芳烃(PAHs)含量、来源、空间分布特征及致癌、非致癌健康风险。结果表明,PAHs总质量浓度为4.25～119.94 mg·kg~(-1),平均值36.08 mg·kg~(-1),高于国内、京津冀地区和西欧暴露风险评价水平,表层土壤PAHs含量处于较高水平。克里金空间插值结果显示,PAHs空间分布呈"南高北低"分布特征,高污染区域主要集中于南部东营区和垦利区;特征比值法源解析揭示,石油开采、加工、输送、利用、泄露及化石燃料燃烧是东营市南部表层土壤PAHs主要来源;PAHs致癌风险水平在1.12×10~(-8)～1.33×10~(-5),整体处于潜在致癌风险和高致癌风险水平之间,其中苯并[a]芘(BaP)致癌风险最高,贡献率达80%以上。非致癌风险低于可接受非致癌危害指数,非致癌风险不明显。克里金空间插值结果表明,高致癌风险集中分布于利津县、广饶县、垦利区及东营区,建议加强该地区表层土壤有机污染防治。
To determine the concentration, spatial distribution, and health risk of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) in Dongying City, a total of 40 surface farmland soil sample were collected. The results showed that the total concentrations of PAHs ranged from 4.25 to 119.94 mg· kg~(-1),the average concentration was 36.08 mg · kg~(-1), which was higher than the average concentrations of other soils reported in China and Western Eurpean Exposure Risk. Kriging interpolation map showed the spatial distribution of PAHs presents the distribution characteristics of high sough and low north. The high contaminated areas were located in Dongying district and Kenli district. The characteristic ratio method revealed that oil drilling, processing, transport, use, leaks and fossil fuels were the main sources of the PAHs in the south of the city. The cancer risk of PAHs ranged from 1.12×10~(-8) to 1.33×10~(-5), and at the level of potential and high carcinogenic risk. Among the 16 PAHs, the highest health risk for carcinogenic PAHs was Bap. Non-carcinogenic risk lower than the baseline value of acceptable risk(1.0), the potential risk was not obvious. Kriging interpolation map showed the high carcinogenic risk was concentrated in Lijin County, Guangrao County, Kenli and Dongying districts. Suggest strengthening prevention and control of surface soil organic pollution in the region.
To determine the concentration, spatial distribution, and health risk of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) in Dongying City, a total of 40 surface farmland soil sample were collected. The results showed that the total concentrations of PAHs ranged from 4.25 to 119.94 mg· kg~(-1),the average concentration was 36.08 mg · kg~(-1), which was higher than the average concentrations of other soils reported in China and Western Eurpean Exposure Risk. Kriging interpolation map showed the spatial distribution of PAHs presents the distribution characteristics of high sough and low north. The high contaminated areas were located in Dongying district and Kenli district. The characteristic ratio method revealed that oil drilling, processing, transport, use, leaks and fossil fuels were the main sources of the PAHs in the south of the city. The cancer risk of PAHs ranged from 1.12×10~(-8) to 1.33×10~(-5), and at the level of potential and high carcinogenic risk. Among the 16 PAHs, the highest health risk for carcinogenic PAHs was Bap. Non-carcinogenic risk lower than the baseline value of acceptable risk(1.0), the potential risk was not obvious. Kriging interpolation map showed the high carcinogenic risk was concentrated in Lijin County, Guangrao County, Kenli and Dongying districts. Suggest strengthening prevention and control of surface soil organic pollution in the region.
引文
[1]Edwards N T.Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in the terrestrial environment-a review[J].Journal of Environment Quality,1983,12(4):427-441.
[2]Harmsen J,Rietra R.25 years monitoring of PAHs and petroleum hydrocarbons biodegradation in soil[J].Chemosphere,2018,207:229-238.
[3]Vecchiato M,Turetta C,Patti B,et al.Distribution of fragrances and PAHs in the surface seawater of the Sicily Channel,Central Mediterranean[J].Science of the Total Environment,2018,634:983-989.
[4]Gysel N,Dixit P,Schmitz D A,et al.Chemical speciation,including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs),and toxicity of particles emitted from meat cooking operations[J].Science of the Total Environment,2018,633:1429-1436.
[5]张玉凤,宋永刚,田金,等.辽东湾大气中多环芳烃的含量组成及气粒分配[J].环境科学,2018,39(4):1527-1536.
[6]刘大超,徐秋萍,张浏,等.基于逸度方法评价巢湖流域PAHs在水体-沉积物间扩散过程[J].环境科学学报,2018,38(3):930-939.
[7]程琪琪,葛蔚,李敬锁,等.辣椒中多环芳烃的累积特征及健康风险评估[J].环境化学,2018,37(2):229-238.
[8]周雯雯,李军,胡健,等.青藏高原中东部表层土壤中多环芳烃的分布特征、来源及生态风险评价[J].环境科学,2018,39(3):1413-1420.
[9]Jiang Y F,Wang X T,Wang F,et al.Levels,composition profiles and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban soil of Shanghai,China[J].Chemosphere,2009,75(8):1112-1118.
[10]丁海霞,陶雪梅,吕康乐,等.兰州市土壤中PAHs和PCBs的分布特征及风险评价[J].环境监测管理与技术,2018,30(2):25-29.
[11]张明亮,黎慧,徐英江,等.莱州湾表层沉积物中多环芳烃(PAHs)来源及生态风险评价[J].海洋环境科学,2015,34(1):6-11.
[12]王学军,任丽然,戴永宁,等.天津市不同土地利用类型土壤中多环芳烃的含量特征地理研究[J].地理研究,2003,22(3):360-366.
[13]Mostafa A R,Wade T L,Sweet S T,et al.Distribution and characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in sediments of Hadhramout Coastal Area,Gulfof Aden,Yemen[J].Journal of Marine Systems,2009,78(10):1-8.
[14]侯增周.山东省东营市生态环境与经济发展协调度评估[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2011,21(7):157-161.
[15]苑金鹏,王晓利,周家斌,等.济南市表层土壤中PAHs的分布、来源及风险分析[J].环境化学,2015(1):166-171.
[16]王粟,史风梅,裴占江,等.松嫩平原农田土壤污染现状分析与评价--以黑龙江省绥化地区为例[J].东北农业大学学报,2015,46(5):75-83.
[17]Integrated Risk Information System(IRIS).A-Z list of substances[EB/OL].Washington DC:USEPA.[2015-05-10].http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/iris/index.cfm?fuseaction=iris.showSubstanceList.
[18]US EPA.Regional Screening Table[EB/OL].Washington DC:USEPA.[2015-08-10].http://www.epa.gov/reg3hwmd/risk/human/rb-concentration_table/Generic_Tables/index.Htm.
[19]环境保护部.HJ25.3-2014污染场地风险评估技术导则[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2014.
[20]孔露露,史明静,梁晶晶,等.大港油田土壤中PAHs的组成特征及来源分析[J].环境科学与技术,2018,41(5):151-157.
[21]Zhang Y F,Wu J H,Song Y G,et al.Source apportionment and ecological risk assessment of PAHs in surface sediments from the Liaodong Bay,northern China[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2018,37(4):12-21.
[22]曹云者,柳晓娟,谢云峰,等.我国主要地区表层土壤中多环芳烃组成及含量特征分析[J].环境科学学报,2012,32(1):197-203.
[23]Wang W,Massey S,Xue M,et al.Concentrations,sources and spatial distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils from Beijing,Tianjin and surrounding areas,North China[J].Environmental pollution,2010,158(5):1245-1251.
[24]Jones K C,Stratford J A,Waterhouse K S.Organic contaminants in Welsh soils:Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons[J].Environmental Science and Technology,1989,21(23):540-550.
[25]郝丽虹,张世晨,武志花,等.低山丘陵区焦化厂土壤中PAHs空间分布特征[J].中国环境科学,2018,38(7):2625-2631.
[26]张金良,张晗,邹天森,等.某生物质电厂周边农田土壤中多环芳烃污染特征及生态安全评价[J].环境科学学报,2018,12(6):1-10.
[2]Harmsen J,Rietra R.25 years monitoring of PAHs and petroleum hydrocarbons biodegradation in soil[J].Chemosphere,2018,207:229-238.
[3]Vecchiato M,Turetta C,Patti B,et al.Distribution of fragrances and PAHs in the surface seawater of the Sicily Channel,Central Mediterranean[J].Science of the Total Environment,2018,634:983-989.
[4]Gysel N,Dixit P,Schmitz D A,et al.Chemical speciation,including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs),and toxicity of particles emitted from meat cooking operations[J].Science of the Total Environment,2018,633:1429-1436.
[5]张玉凤,宋永刚,田金,等.辽东湾大气中多环芳烃的含量组成及气粒分配[J].环境科学,2018,39(4):1527-1536.
[6]刘大超,徐秋萍,张浏,等.基于逸度方法评价巢湖流域PAHs在水体-沉积物间扩散过程[J].环境科学学报,2018,38(3):930-939.
[7]程琪琪,葛蔚,李敬锁,等.辣椒中多环芳烃的累积特征及健康风险评估[J].环境化学,2018,37(2):229-238.
[8]周雯雯,李军,胡健,等.青藏高原中东部表层土壤中多环芳烃的分布特征、来源及生态风险评价[J].环境科学,2018,39(3):1413-1420.
[9]Jiang Y F,Wang X T,Wang F,et al.Levels,composition profiles and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban soil of Shanghai,China[J].Chemosphere,2009,75(8):1112-1118.
[10]丁海霞,陶雪梅,吕康乐,等.兰州市土壤中PAHs和PCBs的分布特征及风险评价[J].环境监测管理与技术,2018,30(2):25-29.
[11]张明亮,黎慧,徐英江,等.莱州湾表层沉积物中多环芳烃(PAHs)来源及生态风险评价[J].海洋环境科学,2015,34(1):6-11.
[12]王学军,任丽然,戴永宁,等.天津市不同土地利用类型土壤中多环芳烃的含量特征地理研究[J].地理研究,2003,22(3):360-366.
[13]Mostafa A R,Wade T L,Sweet S T,et al.Distribution and characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in sediments of Hadhramout Coastal Area,Gulfof Aden,Yemen[J].Journal of Marine Systems,2009,78(10):1-8.
[14]侯增周.山东省东营市生态环境与经济发展协调度评估[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2011,21(7):157-161.
[15]苑金鹏,王晓利,周家斌,等.济南市表层土壤中PAHs的分布、来源及风险分析[J].环境化学,2015(1):166-171.
[16]王粟,史风梅,裴占江,等.松嫩平原农田土壤污染现状分析与评价--以黑龙江省绥化地区为例[J].东北农业大学学报,2015,46(5):75-83.
[17]Integrated Risk Information System(IRIS).A-Z list of substances[EB/OL].Washington DC:USEPA.[2015-05-10].http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/iris/index.cfm?fuseaction=iris.showSubstanceList.
[18]US EPA.Regional Screening Table[EB/OL].Washington DC:USEPA.[2015-08-10].http://www.epa.gov/reg3hwmd/risk/human/rb-concentration_table/Generic_Tables/index.Htm.
[19]环境保护部.HJ25.3-2014污染场地风险评估技术导则[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2014.
[20]孔露露,史明静,梁晶晶,等.大港油田土壤中PAHs的组成特征及来源分析[J].环境科学与技术,2018,41(5):151-157.
[21]Zhang Y F,Wu J H,Song Y G,et al.Source apportionment and ecological risk assessment of PAHs in surface sediments from the Liaodong Bay,northern China[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2018,37(4):12-21.
[22]曹云者,柳晓娟,谢云峰,等.我国主要地区表层土壤中多环芳烃组成及含量特征分析[J].环境科学学报,2012,32(1):197-203.
[23]Wang W,Massey S,Xue M,et al.Concentrations,sources and spatial distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils from Beijing,Tianjin and surrounding areas,North China[J].Environmental pollution,2010,158(5):1245-1251.
[24]Jones K C,Stratford J A,Waterhouse K S.Organic contaminants in Welsh soils:Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons[J].Environmental Science and Technology,1989,21(23):540-550.
[25]郝丽虹,张世晨,武志花,等.低山丘陵区焦化厂土壤中PAHs空间分布特征[J].中国环境科学,2018,38(7):2625-2631.
[26]张金良,张晗,邹天森,等.某生物质电厂周边农田土壤中多环芳烃污染特征及生态安全评价[J].环境科学学报,2018,12(6):1-10.