鄱阳湖湿地灰化苔草生长季氮磷含量与储量的变化
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摘要
湿地植物在营养元素生物地球化学循环过程中起着重要作用,研究植物氮磷元素的吸收、分配和积累特征对于正确理解氮磷循环关键过程及其生态作用具有重要意义。基于野外实地观测和室内实验分析,研究了鄱阳湖淡水湿地灰化苔草春草生长季内不同部位生物量、氮磷含量及氮磷储量的动态变化。结果表明:在生长季内,灰化苔草各部位生物量随时间推移而增加,地上部分生物量在各生长期均高于地下部分,地下部分生物量积累速率相对稳定,而地上部分和总体平均积累速率表现为生长前期高于生长后期;各部位氮磷含量经历了先减少再增加的变化过程,其中地上部分氮元素在灰化苔草生长的中后期显著高于地下部分,而磷元素在中前期两者差异更为显著;生物量与氮磷储量均呈显著正相关,是灰化苔草氮磷储量动态变化的主导因子,氮磷元素主要储存在灰化苔草的地上部分;研究期间灰化苔草平均氮磷比介于3.32—3.83之间,按营养限制理论进行判断,氮元素可能是灰化苔草生长的限制性营养因子。
Wetland plants play an important role in the biogeochemical cycling of nutrients. Studying the absorption,distribution,and accumulation of nitrogen( N) and phosphorus( P) in plants is of great significance in understanding the key processes of nutrient cycling and their ecological functions. Therefore,field observations and laboratory measurements were used to study the dynamic changes in biomass as well as the N and P contents and their storages in Carex cinerascens in the spring growing season in Poyang Lake wetland. The results showed that there was a time-dependent increase in the biomasses of different components of C. cinerascens during the spring growing season whereas the aboveground biomass was higher than that of the belowground in each growing period. Furthermore,the accumulation rate of the belowground biomass was relatively constant whereas that of the aboveground and total biomasses was higher in the early growing stage than it was in the late growing stage. The N and P contents in the different parts of C. cinerascens decreased from March to April and then increased from April to May. The N content of the aboveground part was higher than that of the belowground part in each growing period,and the difference was significant in April and May( P < 0. 01). The P content had similar distribution characteristics to those of the N content,but the difference was more significant in March and April( P < 0.01)than it was in other months. The N and P storages in C. cinerascens showed a significantly positive correlation with thebiomass( P < 0.01),and their dynamics were determined based on the biomass variation of C. cinerascens. Further,the aboveground part of C. cinerascens contained the main N and P pools. The N/P ratio is an important ecological indicator that can be used to detect the nutrient limitation. Based on the theory of nutrient limitation,N may be a key nutrient factor that limits the primary productivity of C. cinerascens.
Wetland plants play an important role in the biogeochemical cycling of nutrients. Studying the absorption,distribution,and accumulation of nitrogen( N) and phosphorus( P) in plants is of great significance in understanding the key processes of nutrient cycling and their ecological functions. Therefore,field observations and laboratory measurements were used to study the dynamic changes in biomass as well as the N and P contents and their storages in Carex cinerascens in the spring growing season in Poyang Lake wetland. The results showed that there was a time-dependent increase in the biomasses of different components of C. cinerascens during the spring growing season whereas the aboveground biomass was higher than that of the belowground in each growing period. Furthermore,the accumulation rate of the belowground biomass was relatively constant whereas that of the aboveground and total biomasses was higher in the early growing stage than it was in the late growing stage. The N and P contents in the different parts of C. cinerascens decreased from March to April and then increased from April to May. The N content of the aboveground part was higher than that of the belowground part in each growing period,and the difference was significant in April and May( P < 0. 01). The P content had similar distribution characteristics to those of the N content,but the difference was more significant in March and April( P < 0.01)than it was in other months. The N and P storages in C. cinerascens showed a significantly positive correlation with thebiomass( P < 0.01),and their dynamics were determined based on the biomass variation of C. cinerascens. Further,the aboveground part of C. cinerascens contained the main N and P pools. The N/P ratio is an important ecological indicator that can be used to detect the nutrient limitation. Based on the theory of nutrient limitation,N may be a key nutrient factor that limits the primary productivity of C. cinerascens.
引文
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[4]Venterink H O,Pieterse N M,Belgers J D M,Wassen M J,De Ruiter P C.N,P,and K budgets along nutrient availability and productivity gradients in wetlands.Ecological Applications,2002,12(4):1010-1026.
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[6]鲁静,周虹霞,田广宇,刘贵华.洱海流域44种湿地植物的氮磷含量特征.生态学报,2011,31(3):709-715.
[7]王佳宁,晏维金,贾晓栋.长江流域点源氮磷营养盐的排放、模型及预测.环境科学学报,2006,26(4):658-666.
[8]郭雪莲,吕宪国,郗敏.植物在湿地养分循环中的作用.生态学杂志,2007,26(10):1628-1633.
[9]曾从盛,张林海,仝川.闽江河口湿地短叶茳芏氮、磷含量与积累量季节变化.生态学杂志,2009,28(5):788-794.
[10]贾庆宇,周广胜,周莉,谢艳兵.湿地芦苇植株氮素分布动态特征分析.植物生态学报,2008,32(4):858-864.
[11]Wang Y,Liu J S,Dou J X,Zhao G Y.Seasonal characteristics of Carex lasiocarpa biomass and nutrient accumulation in the typical wetland of Sanjiang Plain,China.Journal of Forestry Research,2010,21(3):389-393.
[12]郭雪莲,吕宪国.三江平原湿地典型植物群落氮的积累与分配.生态环境学报,2012,21(1):59-63.
[13]曾从盛,张林海,仝川.闽江河口湿地芦苇和互花米草氮、磷养分季节动态.湿地科学,2009,7(1):16-24.
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[16]邵学新,李文华,吴明,杨文英,蒋科毅,叶小齐.杭州湾潮滩湿地3种优势植物碳氮磷储量特征研究.环境科学,2013,34(9):3451-3457.
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[18]Xu X L,Zhang Q,Tan Z Q,Li Y L,Wang X L.Effects of water-table depth and soil moisture on plant biomass,diversity,and distribution at a seasonally flooded wetland of Poyang Lake,China.Chinese Geographical Science,2015,25(6):739-756.
[19]聂兰琴,吴琴,尧波,付姗,胡启武.鄱阳湖湿地优势植物叶片-凋落物-土壤碳氮磷化学计量特征.生态学报,2016,36(7):1898-1906.
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[22]周云凯,白秀玲,宁立新.鄱阳湖湿地苔草(Carex)景观变化及其水文响应.湖泊科学,2017,29(4):870-879.
[23]查东平,冯明雷,陈宏文,刘足根,廖兵,申展.鄱阳湖典型湿地植被景观格局的时空变化分析.水生态学杂志,2015,36(5):1-7.
[24]张丽丽,殷峻暹,蒋云钟,王浩.鄱阳湖自然保护区湿地植被群落与水文情势关系.水科学进展,2012,23(6):768-775.
[25]冯文娟,徐力刚,王晓龙,李海英,姜加虎.鄱阳湖洲滩湿地地下水位对灰化薹草种群的影响.生态学报,2016,36(16):5109-5115.
[26]戴雪,万荣荣,杨桂山,王晓龙.鄱阳湖水文节律变化及其与江湖水量交换的关系.地理科学,2014,34(12):1488-1496.
[27]刘肖利,丁明军,李贵才,齐述华,张起明.鄱阳湖湿地植物群落沿高程梯度变化特征研究.人民长江,2013,44(5):82-86.
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[29]吴琴,尧波,朱丽丽,辛瑞新,胡启武.鄱阳湖典型苔草湿地生物量季节变化及固碳功能评价.长江流域资源与环境,2012,21(2):215-219.
[30]胡振鹏,葛刚,刘成林,陈伏生,李述.鄱阳湖湿地植物生态系统结构及湖水位对其影响研究.长江流域资源与环境,2010,19(6):597-605.
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[32]郝再彬,苍晶,徐仲.植物生理实验.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2004.
[33]刘存歧,李昂,李博,王军霞,张亚娟,刘莎.白洋淀湿地芦苇生物量及氮、磷储量动态特征.环境科学学报,2012,32(6):1503-1511.
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