施工期混凝土结构可变荷载的调查统计分析
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摘要
对西安市及周边地区6个在建混凝土结构的施工期可变荷载进行了调查,采用不同的统计分析方法对调查结果进行统计分析,研究施工期可变荷载随施工过程的变化规律,对比了剪力墙结构和框架结构施工期可变荷载的差异,给出了混凝土结构施工期可变荷载标准值的建议取值,并与相关研究成果和现行规范进行了对比分析。研究结果表明:各工程施工期可变荷载的调查结果均服从极值Ⅰ型分布或指数分布;结构类型相同的工程施工期可变荷载随施工过程的变化规律基本相同;统计样本单元划分越细,得到的可变荷载标准值越大;工作面材料堆放越集中,不同统计分析方法得到的荷载标准值差异越大;竖向构件施工阶段剪力墙结构的施工期可变荷载值明显大于框架结构,其他阶段2种结构施工期可变荷载值较接近;将一个施工周期划分为竖向构件施工、搭支撑、水平构件施工及拆支撑4个施工阶段,混凝土结构各阶段施工期可变荷载标准值的建议取值分别为1. 894 kN/m~2、1. 716 kN/m~2、1. 295 kN/m~2、1. 998 kN/m~2。
In past three years,variable loads of six structures during the construction were investigated in Xi'an and its surrounding areas. Different statistical methods were adopted to analyze the surveyed data,and the change regularities of variable loads during the construction process were obtained. Besides,the difference of variable loads between shear wall structure and frame structure during the construction were analyzed as well. Based on the statistical results of two structure types,recommended standard values of variable loads during construction were given and compared with other researches and current codes. The results show that variable loads during the construction are in accordance with extreme value-I distribution or exponential distribution. The variable loads of a same structural type has the same change regularities during the construction. Meanwhile,the smaller the statistical samples are divided,the greater the value of variable loads is,and the more concentrated the materials stack,the greater the difference among the standard values obtained by different methods is. In the building stage of vertical components,variable loads of a shear wall structure was greater than that of a frame structure,but values are close in other stages. A construction cycle can be divided into four stages,as vertical component construction,support building,horizontal component construction and support demolition,where the recommended values of variable loads are 1.894 k N/m~2,1.716 kN/m~2,1.295 kN/m~2,and 1.998 k N/m~2,respectively.
In past three years,variable loads of six structures during the construction were investigated in Xi'an and its surrounding areas. Different statistical methods were adopted to analyze the surveyed data,and the change regularities of variable loads during the construction process were obtained. Besides,the difference of variable loads between shear wall structure and frame structure during the construction were analyzed as well. Based on the statistical results of two structure types,recommended standard values of variable loads during construction were given and compared with other researches and current codes. The results show that variable loads during the construction are in accordance with extreme value-I distribution or exponential distribution. The variable loads of a same structural type has the same change regularities during the construction. Meanwhile,the smaller the statistical samples are divided,the greater the value of variable loads is,and the more concentrated the materials stack,the greater the difference among the standard values obtained by different methods is. In the building stage of vertical components,variable loads of a shear wall structure was greater than that of a frame structure,but values are close in other stages. A construction cycle can be divided into four stages,as vertical component construction,support building,horizontal component construction and support demolition,where the recommended values of variable loads are 1.894 k N/m~2,1.716 kN/m~2,1.295 kN/m~2,and 1.998 k N/m~2,respectively.
引文
[1]张传敏,方东平,耿川东.钢筋混凝土结构施工活荷载现场调查与统计分析[J].工程力学,2002,19(5):62-65.(ZHANG Chuanmin,FANG Dongping,GENG Chuandong. In situ investigation and statistical analysis of live loads of reinforced concrete buildings during construction[J]. Engineering Mechanics,2002,19(5):62-65.(in Chinese))
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[3]赵国藩.工程结构生命全过程可靠度[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2004.
[4]胡杭.建筑施工期活荷载统计分析及荷载效应影响面分析[D].北京:北京交通大学,2009.
[5]AYOUB H,KARSHENAS S. Survey results for concrete construction live loads on newly poured slabs[J]. Journal of Structural Engineering,1994,120(5):1543.
[6]李继华,林中民,李明顺.建筑结构概率极限状态设计[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1990.
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[8]苗吉军,顾祥林,方晓铭.高层建筑混凝土结构施工活荷载的统计分析[J].建筑结构,2002,32(3):7-9.(MIAO Jijun,GU Xianglin,FANG Xiaoming. On-site measure and statistic of live construction load of high-rise concrete buildings[J].Building Structure,2002,32(3):7-9.(in Chinese))
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[11]简超军,胡长明,叶正武,等.大跨度框架结构施工期活荷载现场调查与统计分析[J].施工技术,2015,44(15):32-34.(JIAN Chaojun,HU Changming,YE Zhengwu,et al. In situ investigation and statistical analysis of live loads of large span frame structure during construction[J]. Construction Technology,2015,44(15):32-34.(in Chinese))
[12]谢楠,梁仁钟,胡杭.基于影响面的混凝土浇筑期施工荷载研究[J].工程力学,2011,28(10):173-178.(XIE Nan,LIANG Renzhong,HU Hang. Analysis of construction loads on formwork during concrete placement based on influence surface[J]. Engineering Mechanics,2011,28(10):173-178.(in Chinese))
[13]梅源,胡长明,周正永,等.高大模板支撑体系在结构施工期内所受荷载统计分析[J].工业建筑,2010,40(2):41-46.(MEI Yuan,HU Changming,ZHOU Zhengyong,et al. Statistical analysis of loads of supporting structure for tall and large falsework during construction[J].Industrial Construction,2010,40(2):41-46.(in Chinese))
[14]赵军,杨玉林.钢筋混凝土结构施工期活荷载统计与分析[J].桂林理工大学学报,2010,30(3):356-359.(ZHAO Jun,YANG Yulin. Statistics analysis of live loads for reinforced concrete buildings construction[J]. Journal of Guilin University of Technology,2010,30(3):356-359.(in Chinese))
[15]British Standards Insitution.Code of Practice for Falsework:BS 5975—2008[S]. London:British Standards Institution,2008.
[16]JOHNSTO D W,WHEELER K L. Guide to Formwork for Concrete:ACI 347R—2014[S]. Washington:American Concrete Institution,2014.
[17]中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部.建筑施工模板安全技术规范:JGJ 162—2014[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2014.
[18]中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部.建筑施工安全技术统一规范:GB 50870—2013[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2013.
[2]胡晓鹏,牛荻涛,张永利.粉煤灰混凝土早期强度的现场调查与试验研究[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2012,40(6):676-680.(HU Xiaopeng,NIU Ditao,ZHANG Yongli. Field investigation and experimental research on early-stage strength of fly ash concrete[J]. Journal of Hohai University(Natural Sciences),2012,40(6):676-680.(in Chinese))
[3]赵国藩.工程结构生命全过程可靠度[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2004.
[4]胡杭.建筑施工期活荷载统计分析及荷载效应影响面分析[D].北京:北京交通大学,2009.
[5]AYOUB H,KARSHENAS S. Survey results for concrete construction live loads on newly poured slabs[J]. Journal of Structural Engineering,1994,120(5):1543.
[6]李继华,林中民,李明顺.建筑结构概率极限状态设计[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1990.
[7]巴松涛,贡金鑫,佟晓利.钢筋混凝土结构施工期可靠性分析方法[J].大连理工大学学报,2000,40(4):479-482.(BA Songtao,GONG Jinxin,TONG Xiaoli. Reliability analysis method of reinforced concrete structures during construction[J].Journal of Dalian University of Technology,2000,40(4):479-482.(in Chinese))
[8]苗吉军,顾祥林,方晓铭.高层建筑混凝土结构施工活荷载的统计分析[J].建筑结构,2002,32(3):7-9.(MIAO Jijun,GU Xianglin,FANG Xiaoming. On-site measure and statistic of live construction load of high-rise concrete buildings[J].Building Structure,2002,32(3):7-9.(in Chinese))
[9]赵挺生,李树逊,顾祥林.混凝土房屋建筑施工活荷载的实测统计[J].施工技术,2005,7(3):63-65.(ZHAO Tingsheng,LI Shuxun,GU Xianglin. On-site measure and statistic of live construction load of concrete buildings[J]. Construction Technology,2005,7(3):63-65.(in Chinese))
[10]赵楠.多层钢筋混凝土框架结构施工期可靠性分析[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2008.
[11]简超军,胡长明,叶正武,等.大跨度框架结构施工期活荷载现场调查与统计分析[J].施工技术,2015,44(15):32-34.(JIAN Chaojun,HU Changming,YE Zhengwu,et al. In situ investigation and statistical analysis of live loads of large span frame structure during construction[J]. Construction Technology,2015,44(15):32-34.(in Chinese))
[12]谢楠,梁仁钟,胡杭.基于影响面的混凝土浇筑期施工荷载研究[J].工程力学,2011,28(10):173-178.(XIE Nan,LIANG Renzhong,HU Hang. Analysis of construction loads on formwork during concrete placement based on influence surface[J]. Engineering Mechanics,2011,28(10):173-178.(in Chinese))
[13]梅源,胡长明,周正永,等.高大模板支撑体系在结构施工期内所受荷载统计分析[J].工业建筑,2010,40(2):41-46.(MEI Yuan,HU Changming,ZHOU Zhengyong,et al. Statistical analysis of loads of supporting structure for tall and large falsework during construction[J].Industrial Construction,2010,40(2):41-46.(in Chinese))
[14]赵军,杨玉林.钢筋混凝土结构施工期活荷载统计与分析[J].桂林理工大学学报,2010,30(3):356-359.(ZHAO Jun,YANG Yulin. Statistics analysis of live loads for reinforced concrete buildings construction[J]. Journal of Guilin University of Technology,2010,30(3):356-359.(in Chinese))
[15]British Standards Insitution.Code of Practice for Falsework:BS 5975—2008[S]. London:British Standards Institution,2008.
[16]JOHNSTO D W,WHEELER K L. Guide to Formwork for Concrete:ACI 347R—2014[S]. Washington:American Concrete Institution,2014.
[17]中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部.建筑施工模板安全技术规范:JGJ 162—2014[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2014.
[18]中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部.建筑施工安全技术统一规范:GB 50870—2013[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2013.