智能化密闭商品肉鸡舍冬季生物气溶胶分布研究
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摘要
为探究冬季智能化密闭商品肉鸡舍生物气溶胶分布规律,在山西中部某鸡舍均匀地设置了36个采样点,使用Anderson-6撞式空气微生物采样器,对白天(AM10∶00-PM3∶00)和夜间(PM10∶00-AM3∶00)两个时段的细菌和大肠杆菌的气溶胶粒径分布进行分析,并对细菌、大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、霉菌等的气溶胶浓度分布以及气体和粉尘等的浓度进行监测。结果表明:细菌气溶胶主要存在于6级空气微生物采样器的Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级;主要刺激人体的上呼吸道;通风模式的不同对粉尘浓度的分布影响较大,对微生物气溶胶浓度分布影响不大;白天微生物气溶胶浓度分布与粉尘浓度分布不相关,夜间相关。
In order to study the distribution of bio-aerosols in intelligent closed commercial broiler houses in winter,36 sampling points were set up in a certain broiler house of shanxi province. Anderson-6 air sampler was used to analyze the distribution of bio-aerosols in the daytime(AM10∶00-PM3∶00)and in the night time(PM10∶00-AM3∶00).The aerosol particle size distribution of bacteria and coliform bacteria were analyzed. The concentrations of airborne bacteria,airborne fungi,airborne coliform bacteria,airborne Staphylococcus aureus,gas and dust were monitored. The bacterial aerosol was mainly located on the stage Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ of the anderson-6 air sampler in the broiler houses in winter. The bacterial aerosol mainly stimulated the upper respiratory tract of human body;the different ventilation modes had a great influence on the dust concentration distribution,while there had little effect on the microbial aerosol concentration distribution;The concentration distribution of airborne bacteria during the daytime was not correlated with the distribution of dust concentration,whereas which was correlated in the night time.
In order to study the distribution of bio-aerosols in intelligent closed commercial broiler houses in winter,36 sampling points were set up in a certain broiler house of shanxi province. Anderson-6 air sampler was used to analyze the distribution of bio-aerosols in the daytime(AM10∶00-PM3∶00)and in the night time(PM10∶00-AM3∶00).The aerosol particle size distribution of bacteria and coliform bacteria were analyzed. The concentrations of airborne bacteria,airborne fungi,airborne coliform bacteria,airborne Staphylococcus aureus,gas and dust were monitored. The bacterial aerosol was mainly located on the stage Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ of the anderson-6 air sampler in the broiler houses in winter. The bacterial aerosol mainly stimulated the upper respiratory tract of human body;the different ventilation modes had a great influence on the dust concentration distribution,while there had little effect on the microbial aerosol concentration distribution;The concentration distribution of airborne bacteria during the daytime was not correlated with the distribution of dust concentration,whereas which was correlated in the night time.
引文
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[2]杜睿.大气生物气溶胶的试验进展[J].气候与环境试验,2006,11(4):546-552.
[3]HEEDERIK D,BROUWER R,BIERSTEKERK,et al.Relationship of airborne endotoxin and bacteria levels in pig farms with the lung function and respiratory symptoms of farmers[J].International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health,1991:62.
[4]CORMIER Y,TREMBLAY G U Y,MERIAUX A,et al.Airborne microbial contents in two types of swine confinement buildings in Quebec[J].American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal,1990,51(6):304-309.
[5]DONALDSON A I,GIBSON C F,OLIVER R,et al.Infection of cattle by airborne foot-and-mouth disease virus:minimal doses Wih O1 and SAT2 Strains[J].Research in Veterinary Science,1987,43(3):339-346.
[6]国家环境保护总局.室内环境空气质量监测技术规范:HJ/T 167-2004[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2004
[7]中华人民共和国卫生部.生活饮用水标准检验方法微生物指标:GB/T 5750.12-2006[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007.
[8]刘敬博,柴同杰,苗增民,等.培养法和染色法对养殖环境中微生物气溶胶浓度的检测[J].动物医学进展,2010,31(SI):86-89.
[9]甘肃农业大学主编.兽医微生物实验指导[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1980.
[10]ANDERSON A A.New sampler for the collection,sizing,and enumeration of viable airborne particles[J].Journal of Bacteriology,1958,76(5):471-489
[11]RKKDC S T.The role of infectious aerosols in disease transmission in pigs[J].The Veterinary Journal,1999,158(3):164-181.
[12]高敏,贾瑞志,仇天雷,等.集约化养鸡场空气环境中生物气溶胶特点[J].农业环境科学学报,2015,34(4):787-794。
[13]李如治.家畜环境卫生学[M].4版.北京:中国农业出版社,2011.
[14]中华人民共和国农业部质量标准办公室.畜禽场环境质量标准:NY/T 388-1999[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1999.
[15]何玉书,李保明,施正香,等.北京地区平养育成鸡舍粉尘浓度分布的测试分析[J].农业工程学报,2006,12(22):103-107.
[16]程京甫,李保明,何玉书.粉尘多点测试技术在冬季育雏鸡舍内的应用与结果分析[J].家禽科学,2006(3):9-15.