临近空间环境对高空飞艇长时驻空影响研究进展
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摘要
临近空间长航时浮空平台具有极大应用价值,高空飞艇与超压气球成为当前研究热点。从近年各国试验情况来看,国外已成功实现超压气球在临近空间高度的长航时飞行,但要实现高空飞艇长时驻空飞行,还有诸如环境预测、材料、能源、推进等很多关键技术需要突破。本文分析了临近空间环境要素特征,重点研究了大气密度、温度、风场、辐射和臭氧等要素对飞艇的影响,并借鉴超压气球高度、轨迹以及压力控制等相关技术,探索研究高空飞艇长航时驻空飞行的技术途径,对高空飞艇设计、研制与飞行控制有一定参考价值。
The near-space long duration lighter-than-air has great applications,so the high altitude airship and super-pressure balloon have been attracting worldwide interest. The long duration flight of super-pressure balloon in the near-space had been successfully achieved abroad. To accomplish the long duration flight of airship in the near-space,the core technologies in the fields of environment perdition,airship envelope material,power supply,propulsion,etc,need breakthrough advancements. This study analyzes the environment elements of the near-space,and researches the influence of the atmospheric density,atmospheric temperature,wind field,ozone,and radiation on the airship. Moreover,the altitude,trajectory and pressure control technologies of the super-pressure balloon are investigated,and the feasible technologies for the high altitude airship long duration flight are proposed,which is useful for high altitude airship design,manufacture and flight.
The near-space long duration lighter-than-air has great applications,so the high altitude airship and super-pressure balloon have been attracting worldwide interest. The long duration flight of super-pressure balloon in the near-space had been successfully achieved abroad. To accomplish the long duration flight of airship in the near-space,the core technologies in the fields of environment perdition,airship envelope material,power supply,propulsion,etc,need breakthrough advancements. This study analyzes the environment elements of the near-space,and researches the influence of the atmospheric density,atmospheric temperature,wind field,ozone,and radiation on the airship. Moreover,the altitude,trajectory and pressure control technologies of the super-pressure balloon are investigated,and the feasible technologies for the high altitude airship long duration flight are proposed,which is useful for high altitude airship design,manufacture and flight.
引文
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[10]洪延吉,金星,李小将,等.临近空间飞行器技术[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2012:11-14.HONG Yanji,JIN Xing,LI Xiaojiang,et al.Nearspace vehicles technologies[M].Beijing:National Defense Industry Press,2012:11-14.
[11]杨秉,杨健,李小将,等.临近空间飞艇运行环境及其影响[J].航天器环境工程,2008,25(6):555-557.YANG Bing,YANG Jian,LI Xiaojiang,et al.Nearspace airship working environment and effects[J].Spacecraft Environment Engineering,2008,25(6):555-557.
[12]孙磊,廉璞,常晓飞,等.临近空间大气环境建模及其对飞行器影响[J].指挥控制与仿真,2016,38(5):107-111.SUN Lei,LIAN Pu,CHANG Xiaofei,et al.Near space atmosphere modeling and its effect on the aircraft[J].Command Control&Simulation,2016,38(5):107-111.
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[15]LIU Qiang,YANG Yanchu,CUI Yanxiang,et al.Thermal performance of stratospheric airship with photovoltaic array[J].Advances in Space Research,2016.
[16]刘东旭,樊彦斌,马云鹏.氦气渗透对高空长航时浮空器驻空能力影响[J].宇航学报,2010,31(11):2477-2482.LIU Dongxu,FAN Yanbin,MA Yunpeng.Effect of helium permeability on working endurance high altitude long duration LTA vehicle[J].Journal of Astronautics,2010,31(11):2477-2482.
[17]马伟,宣益民,韩玉阁.临近空间热环境分析及低速飞行器的热设计方法[J].宇航学报,2010,31(5):1272-1277.MA Wei,XUAN Yimin,HAN Yuge.Thermal environment analysis and thermal design principle of stratospheric vehicles[J].Journal of Astronautics,2010,31(5):1272-1277.
[18]吕达仁,孙宝来,李立群.零风层与我国首次高空气球停留试验[J].目标与环境特性研究,2002,22(1):45-51.LU Daren,Sun Baolai,Li Liqun.Zero wind layer and the first dwell experiment of high-altitude balloon in china[J].Target Environment Feat,2002,22(1):45-51.
[19]陶梦初,何金海,刘毅.平流层准零风层统计特征及准两年周期振荡对其影响分析[J].气候与环境研究,2012,17(1):92-102.TAO Mengchu,HE Jinhai,LIU Yi.Analysis of the characteristics of the stratospheric quasi-zero wind layer and the effects of the quasi-biennial oscillation on it[J].Climatic and Enviromental Research,2012,17(1):92-102.
[20]常晓飞,白云飞,符文星,等.基于平流层特殊风场的浮空器定点方案研究[J].西北工业大学学报,2014,32(1):12-17.CHANG Xiaofei,BAI Yunfei,FU Wenxing.Research on fixed point aerostat based on its special stratosphere wind field[J].Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University,2014,32(1):12-17.
[21]赵佳莹,徐海明.中国区域探空资料与再分析资料风速场的对比分析[J].气候与环境研究,2014,19(5):587-600.ZHAO Jiaying,XU Haiming.Comparison of wind velocity among reanalysis and radiosonde datasets over China[J].Climatic and Environmental Research,2014,19(5):587-600.
[22]谭惠丰,刘羽熙,刘宇艳,等.临近空间飞艇蒙皮材料研究进展和需求分析[J].复合材料学报,2012,29(6):1-8.TAN Huifeng,LIU Yuxi,LIU Yuyan,et al.Research progress and requirement analysis of envelope materials for near space airship[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinca,2012,29(6):1-8.
[23]王兆希,窦宝峰,逄型召.平流层浮空器用柔性复合材料的断裂性能[J].复合材料学报,2011,28(2):211-216.WANG Zhaoxi,DOU Baofeng,PANG Xingzhao.Fracture properties of flexible composites from aerostat[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinca,2011,28(2):211-216.
[24]SHOJI M,Kouichi S,Toyotoshi K.Tear propagation of a high-performance airship envelope material[J].Journal of Aircraft,2008,45(5):1546-I553.
[25]高海健,陈务军,付功义.平流层验证飞艇结构体系比较研究[J].宇航学报,2011,32(4):713-720.GAO Haijian,CHEN Wujun,FU Gongyi,Comparison investigation for architecture of stratospheric demonstration airship[J].Journal of Astronautics,2011,32(4):713-720.
[26]王全保,陈吉安,段登平,等,平流层飞艇外形的设计优化[J].计算机仿真,2010,27(9):44-47.WANG Quanbao,CHEN Jian,DUAN Dengping,et al.Shape optimization of stratosphere airship[J].Computer Simulation,2010,27(9):44-47.
[27]SMITH M S,LEE E.Applications of scientific ballooning technology to high altitude airships[R].AIAA-2003-6711,2003.
[28]谭惠丰,王超,王长国.实现结构轻量化的新型平流层飞艇研究进展[J].航空学报,2010,31(2):257-264.TAN Huifeng,WANG Chao,WANG Changguo.Progress of new type stratospheric airships for realization of lightweight[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica,2010,31(2):257-264.
[2]郭岗,申卯兴.临近空间军事应用现状及发展趋势[J].飞航导弹,2012(2):16-21.GUO Gang,SHEN Maoxing.Status and development of near-space military application[J].Winged Missiles Journal,2012(2):16-21.
[3]祝榕辰,王生,姜鲁华.长航时超压气球技术的发展现状[C]∥2014年中国浮空器大会论文集.哈尔滨:[s.n.],2014:15-24.ZHU Rongchen,WANG Sheng,JIANG Luhua.Status of long duration super-pressure balloon technology[C]∥The Proceedings of Aerostat Conference of China2014.Harbin:[s.n.],2014:15-24.
[4]FAIRBROTHER D A,PIERCE D L.NASA balloon program status[C]∥AIAA Balloon Systems Conference.Seattle,Washington:AIAA,2009:2800.
[5]CATHEY H M.The NASA super pressure balloon—A path to flight[J].Advances in Space Research,2009,44:23-38.
[6]唐克,冯宝龙,谢保军.临近空间飞行器开发利用现状与发展趋势[J].飞航导弹,2012(11):44-48.TANG Ke,Feng Baolong,Xie Baojun.Status and development of the near-space vehicles utilizing[J].Winged Missiles Journal,2012(11):44-48.
[7]李联合,程建,王庆.美军临近空间飞艇项目建设情况及启示[J].装备学院学报,2015,26(1):63-67.LI Lianhe,CHENG Jian,WANG Qing.Analysis of the near space airship projects of US army and its enlightenments[J].Journal of Equipment Academy,2015,26(1):63-67.
[8]ANDROULAKAIS S P,JUDY R A.Status and plans of high altitude airship program[C]∥AIAA Lighter-thanAir Systems Technology Conference.Daytona Beach Florida,[s.n.],2013.
[9]OLIVEIRA F A,MELO F C,DEVEZAS T C.High-altitude platforms present situation and technology trends[J].Aerospace Technology Management S2o Josédos Campos,2016,8(3):249-262.
[10]洪延吉,金星,李小将,等.临近空间飞行器技术[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2012:11-14.HONG Yanji,JIN Xing,LI Xiaojiang,et al.Nearspace vehicles technologies[M].Beijing:National Defense Industry Press,2012:11-14.
[11]杨秉,杨健,李小将,等.临近空间飞艇运行环境及其影响[J].航天器环境工程,2008,25(6):555-557.YANG Bing,YANG Jian,LI Xiaojiang,et al.Nearspace airship working environment and effects[J].Spacecraft Environment Engineering,2008,25(6):555-557.
[12]孙磊,廉璞,常晓飞,等.临近空间大气环境建模及其对飞行器影响[J].指挥控制与仿真,2016,38(5):107-111.SUN Lei,LIAN Pu,CHANG Xiaofei,et al.Near space atmosphere modeling and its effect on the aircraft[J].Command Control&Simulation,2016,38(5):107-111.
[13]AGLIETTI G S,MARKVART T,TATNALL A R,et al.Solar power generation using high altitude platforms feasibility and viability[J].Progress in Photovoltaic:Research and Applications,2 0 0 8(16):349-359.
[14]U S Standard Atmosphere[R].U S.Government Printing Office,Washington D C,1976.
[15]LIU Qiang,YANG Yanchu,CUI Yanxiang,et al.Thermal performance of stratospheric airship with photovoltaic array[J].Advances in Space Research,2016.
[16]刘东旭,樊彦斌,马云鹏.氦气渗透对高空长航时浮空器驻空能力影响[J].宇航学报,2010,31(11):2477-2482.LIU Dongxu,FAN Yanbin,MA Yunpeng.Effect of helium permeability on working endurance high altitude long duration LTA vehicle[J].Journal of Astronautics,2010,31(11):2477-2482.
[17]马伟,宣益民,韩玉阁.临近空间热环境分析及低速飞行器的热设计方法[J].宇航学报,2010,31(5):1272-1277.MA Wei,XUAN Yimin,HAN Yuge.Thermal environment analysis and thermal design principle of stratospheric vehicles[J].Journal of Astronautics,2010,31(5):1272-1277.
[18]吕达仁,孙宝来,李立群.零风层与我国首次高空气球停留试验[J].目标与环境特性研究,2002,22(1):45-51.LU Daren,Sun Baolai,Li Liqun.Zero wind layer and the first dwell experiment of high-altitude balloon in china[J].Target Environment Feat,2002,22(1):45-51.
[19]陶梦初,何金海,刘毅.平流层准零风层统计特征及准两年周期振荡对其影响分析[J].气候与环境研究,2012,17(1):92-102.TAO Mengchu,HE Jinhai,LIU Yi.Analysis of the characteristics of the stratospheric quasi-zero wind layer and the effects of the quasi-biennial oscillation on it[J].Climatic and Enviromental Research,2012,17(1):92-102.
[20]常晓飞,白云飞,符文星,等.基于平流层特殊风场的浮空器定点方案研究[J].西北工业大学学报,2014,32(1):12-17.CHANG Xiaofei,BAI Yunfei,FU Wenxing.Research on fixed point aerostat based on its special stratosphere wind field[J].Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University,2014,32(1):12-17.
[21]赵佳莹,徐海明.中国区域探空资料与再分析资料风速场的对比分析[J].气候与环境研究,2014,19(5):587-600.ZHAO Jiaying,XU Haiming.Comparison of wind velocity among reanalysis and radiosonde datasets over China[J].Climatic and Environmental Research,2014,19(5):587-600.
[22]谭惠丰,刘羽熙,刘宇艳,等.临近空间飞艇蒙皮材料研究进展和需求分析[J].复合材料学报,2012,29(6):1-8.TAN Huifeng,LIU Yuxi,LIU Yuyan,et al.Research progress and requirement analysis of envelope materials for near space airship[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinca,2012,29(6):1-8.
[23]王兆希,窦宝峰,逄型召.平流层浮空器用柔性复合材料的断裂性能[J].复合材料学报,2011,28(2):211-216.WANG Zhaoxi,DOU Baofeng,PANG Xingzhao.Fracture properties of flexible composites from aerostat[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinca,2011,28(2):211-216.
[24]SHOJI M,Kouichi S,Toyotoshi K.Tear propagation of a high-performance airship envelope material[J].Journal of Aircraft,2008,45(5):1546-I553.
[25]高海健,陈务军,付功义.平流层验证飞艇结构体系比较研究[J].宇航学报,2011,32(4):713-720.GAO Haijian,CHEN Wujun,FU Gongyi,Comparison investigation for architecture of stratospheric demonstration airship[J].Journal of Astronautics,2011,32(4):713-720.
[26]王全保,陈吉安,段登平,等,平流层飞艇外形的设计优化[J].计算机仿真,2010,27(9):44-47.WANG Quanbao,CHEN Jian,DUAN Dengping,et al.Shape optimization of stratosphere airship[J].Computer Simulation,2010,27(9):44-47.
[27]SMITH M S,LEE E.Applications of scientific ballooning technology to high altitude airships[R].AIAA-2003-6711,2003.
[28]谭惠丰,王超,王长国.实现结构轻量化的新型平流层飞艇研究进展[J].航空学报,2010,31(2):257-264.TAN Huifeng,WANG Chao,WANG Changguo.Progress of new type stratospheric airships for realization of lightweight[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica,2010,31(2):257-264.