机采棉杂交后代主要株型性状与产量和品质的关系
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摘要
【目的】从株型、产量及品质众多复杂因素中找出影响机械化生产较大的因素并进行遗传改良,选育适宜机械化生产的高产优质品种,提高棉花育种的效率。【方法】以陆地棉Z571与中棉所49杂交的F2:3群体为研究对象,应用统计软件SAS V8等分析其农艺性状的变异、方差和相关性。【结果】F2:3群体株系材料间农艺性状发生了显著分离,且后代中出现了许多超亲个体,在田间进行选择时要注意农艺性状之间复杂的关系;株高、单株果枝数与单位面积籽棉产量呈极显著正相关;单株果枝数与纤维上半部平均长度、断裂比强度呈极显著负相关,与马克隆值呈现正相关;单株营养枝数与纤维上半部平均长度、断裂比强度呈极显著正相关,与马克隆值呈现显著负相关;产量构成因素中的单位面积铃数与纤维上半部平均长度、断裂比强度呈极显著正相关,与马克隆值呈极显著负相关,铃重和品质性状的相关性与单位面积铃数相反。【结论】株型性状与产量和品质之间均存在显著或极显著的遗传相关;高产高品质的株型特征为单株营养枝数较多;选育高产优质的棉花新品种时要选择铃数较多、铃重较小的材料。
[Objective] This study aimed to determine the most important factors for mechanized production, make genetic improvements, and breed high yield and quality varieties suitable for mechanized production, so as to effectively improve the efficiency of cotton breeding. [Method] We used SAS V8 statistical software to analyze the variation, correlation, and variance of agronomic characteristics in the F2:3crossing population of upland cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.) varieties Z571 and CCRI 49.[Result] There was a significant separation between the agronomic traits of F2:3population lines, and many transgressive individuals appeared in their descendants. When selecting in the field, we found it important to focus on the complex relationship among agronomic traits. Seed cotton yield per unit area was significantly positively correlated with plant height and number of fruit branches. The number of fruit branches was significantly negatively correlated with average fiber length and breaking tenacity, and significantly positively correlated with the micronaire value. Conversely, the number of vegetative branches was significantly positively correlated with the average fiber length and breaking tenacity, and significantly negatively correlated with the micronaire value. The boll number, one component factor of yield, was significantly positively correlated with the average fiber length and breaking tenacity, and was significantly negatively correlated with the micronaire value. Conversely, the boll weight, another component factor of yield, showed the opposite pattern. [Conclusion] Plant traits had significant or extreme sig nificant genetic correlations with yield and quality. High yield and high quality cotton had more vegetative branches. New varieties of cotton with high yield and quality should, therefore, be selected based on a great number of smaller bolls.
[Objective] This study aimed to determine the most important factors for mechanized production, make genetic improvements, and breed high yield and quality varieties suitable for mechanized production, so as to effectively improve the efficiency of cotton breeding. [Method] We used SAS V8 statistical software to analyze the variation, correlation, and variance of agronomic characteristics in the F2:3crossing population of upland cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.) varieties Z571 and CCRI 49.[Result] There was a significant separation between the agronomic traits of F2:3population lines, and many transgressive individuals appeared in their descendants. When selecting in the field, we found it important to focus on the complex relationship among agronomic traits. Seed cotton yield per unit area was significantly positively correlated with plant height and number of fruit branches. The number of fruit branches was significantly negatively correlated with average fiber length and breaking tenacity, and significantly positively correlated with the micronaire value. Conversely, the number of vegetative branches was significantly positively correlated with the average fiber length and breaking tenacity, and significantly negatively correlated with the micronaire value. The boll number, one component factor of yield, was significantly positively correlated with the average fiber length and breaking tenacity, and was significantly negatively correlated with the micronaire value. Conversely, the boll weight, another component factor of yield, showed the opposite pattern. [Conclusion] Plant traits had significant or extreme sig nificant genetic correlations with yield and quality. High yield and high quality cotton had more vegetative branches. New varieties of cotton with high yield and quality should, therefore, be selected based on a great number of smaller bolls.
引文
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[22]徐海,宫彦龙,夏原野,等.中日水稻品种杂交后代的株型性状与产量和品质的关系[J].中国水稻科学,2016,30(3):283-290.Xu Hai,Gong Yanlong,Xia Yuanye,et al.Relation of plant type traits with yield and quality in the RIL population derived from cross between Chinese rice variety and Japanese rice variety[J].Chinese Journal of Rice Science,2016,30(3):283-290.
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[2]王智华,苗兴武.黄河三角洲地区棉花机械化采收配套农艺技术要点[J].中国棉花,2016,43(4):41.Wang Zhihua,Miao Xingwu.The main agronomic techniques of cotton mechanized harvest in the Yellow River Delta[J].China Cotton,2016,43(4):41.
[3]李成奇,王清连,董娜,等.陆地棉品种百棉1号主要株型性状的遗传研究[J].棉花学报,2010,22(5):415-421.Li Chengqi,Wang Qinglian,Dong Na,et al.Quantitative inheritance for main plant architecture traits of upland cotton variety Baimian 1[J].Cotton Science,2010,22(5):415-421.
[4]Chen Wei,Yao Jinbo,Chu Li,et al.Genetic mapping of the nulliplex-branch gene(gb_nb1)in cotton using next-generation sequencing[J].Theoretical and Applied Genetics,2015,128(3):539-547.
[5]李继军,陈莉,张恒,等.棉花烂铃与株型特征分析[J].棉花科学,2014,36(3):39-40.Li Jijun,Chen Li,Zhang Heng,et al.Analysis of cotton boll rot and plant characteristics[J].Cotton Sciences,2014,36(3):39-40.
[6]白玉林,杜斌,刘霞,等.密度对不同株型海岛棉产量和品质的影响[J].棉花科学,2016,38(2):38-43.Bai Yulin,Du Bin,Liu Xia,et al.The effect of density on yield and quality of different plant type of sea island cotton[J].Cotton Sciences,2016,38(2):38-43.
[7]Li Chengqi,Wang Xiaoyun,Dong Na,et al.QTL analysis for early-maturing traits in cotton using two upland cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.)crosses[J].Breeding Science,2013,63(2):154-163.
[8]Luan M,Guo X,Zhang Y,et al.QTL mapping for agronomic and fibre traits using two interspecific chromosome substitution lines of upland cotton[J].Plant Breeding,2009,128(6):671-679.
[9]Adawy S,Diab A,Atia M,et al.Construction of genetic linkage map with chromosomal assignment and quantitative trait loci associated with some important agronomic traits in cotton[J].GM Crops&Food,2013,4(1):36-49.
[10]金石桥,赵淑琴,许乃银.中棉所49在西北内陆棉区的稳定性与丰产性分析[J].中国棉花,2014,41(5):22-25.Jin Shiqiao,Zhao Shuqin,Xu Naiyin.Analysis of the stability and high yielding ability of CCRI 49 in the northwest inland cotton planting region[J].China Cotton,2014,41(5):22-25.
[11]王宁,黄群,匡猛,等.新育种方法在中棉所49选育中的应用[J].中国棉花,2015,42(4):25-26.Wang Ning,Huang Qun,Kuang Meng,et al.Application of a new breeding method in the breeding of CCRI 49[J].China Cotton,2015,42(4):25-26.
[12]王延琴,阿扎提·皮尔多斯.中棉所49棉花全程标准体系指南[M].北京:中国质检出版社,中国标准出版社,2017:200-203.Wang Yanqin,Azat Pirdos.The entire cotton CCRI 49 standard system guide[M].Beijing:China Quality Inspection Press,China Standard Press,2017:200-203.
[13]朱绍琳,李秀章.棉花株型育种[J].棉花,1980(3):11-15.Zhu Shaolin,Li Xiuzhang.Cotton plant type breeding[J].Cotton,1980(3):11-15.
[14]徐海,宫彦龙,夏原野,等.中日水稻品种杂交后代株型性状的变化及其相互关系[J].中国水稻科学,2015,29(4):363-372.Xu Hai,Gong Yanlong,Xia Yuanye,et al.Variations in plant type traits and their relationship of progeny derived from the cross between Chinese rice variety and Japanese rice variety[J].Chinese Journal of Rice Science,2015,29(4):363-372.
[15]毛树春,李付广.当代全球棉花产业[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2016:1-2.Mao Shuchun,Li Fuguang.Contemporary world cotton[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2016:1-2.
[16]董合忠,毛树春,张旺锋,等.棉花优化成铃栽培理论及其新发展[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(3):441-451.Dong Hezhong,Mao Shuchun,Zhang Wangfeng,et al.On boll-setting optimization theory for cotton cultivation and its new development[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2014,47(3):441-451.
[17]娄善伟,康正华,赵强,等.化学封顶高产棉花株型研究[J].新疆农业科学,2015,52(7):1328-1333.Lou Shanwei,Kang Zhenghua,Zhao Qiang,et al.Study on plant type of high yield cotton after chemical detopping[J].Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,2015,52(7):1328-1333.
[18]黎芳,王希,王香茹,等.黄河流域北部棉区棉花缩节胺化学封顶技术[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(13):2497-2510.Li Fang,Wang Xi,Wang Xiangru,et al.Cotton chemical topping with mepiquat chloride application in the north of Yellow River Valley of China[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2016,49(13):2497-2510.
[19]付远志,李鹏云,王浩丽,等.陆地棉品种(系)资源株型性状与皮棉产量的关系[J].西南农业学报,2016,29(9):2063-2067.Fu Yuanzhi,Li Pengyun,Wang Haoli,et al.Relationship of plant architecture traits and lint yield of upland cotton variety(line)resources[J].Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2016,29(9):2063-2067.
[20]孙学振,单世华,宋宪亮,等.株型对棉铃时空分布及素质的影响[J].棉花学报,2002,14(3):171-174.Sun Xuezhen,Shan Shihua,Song Xianliang,et al.Effects of plant types on spatio temporal distribution and quality of cotton bolls[J].Cotton Science,2002,14(3):171-174.
[21]罗宏海,李俊华,张宏芝,等.源库调节对新疆高产棉花产量形成期光合产物生产与分配的影响[J].棉花学报,2009,21(5):371-377.Luo Honghai,Li Junhua,Zhang Hongzhi,et al.Effects of source and sink manipulation on transportation and allocation of leaf photosynthetic products during flowering and boll-setting stage in high yield cotton of Xinjiang[J].Cotton Science,2009,21(5):371-377.
[22]徐海,宫彦龙,夏原野,等.中日水稻品种杂交后代的株型性状与产量和品质的关系[J].中国水稻科学,2016,30(3):283-290.Xu Hai,Gong Yanlong,Xia Yuanye,et al.Relation of plant type traits with yield and quality in the RIL population derived from cross between Chinese rice variety and Japanese rice variety[J].Chinese Journal of Rice Science,2016,30(3):283-290.
[23]程备久,赵伦一.陆地棉产量纤维品质和株型性状的多元相关分析[J].上海农业学报,1991,7(3):29-35.Cheng Beijiu,Zhao Lunyi.Multivariate correlation analysis of cotton yield and fiber quality traits and plant type[J].Agriculturae Shanghai,1991,7(3):29-35.
[24]王新坤,潘兆娥,孙君灵,等.陆地棉矮秆突变体株高和纤维品质的QTL定位及相关性研究[J].核农学报,2011,25(3):448-455.Wang Xinkun,Pan Zhao'e,Sun Junling,et al.Correlation analysis and QTL mapping for plant height and fibre quality of dwarf mutant in upland cotton[J].Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences,2011,25(3):448-455.
[25]叶祯维,邓晓英,石玉真,等.杂交棉中棉所70后代分离群体产量品质的表型变异分析[J].棉花学报,2016,28(1):1-10.Ye Zhenwei,Deng Xiaoying,Shi Yuzhen,et al.Analysis of phenotypic variation in fiber yield and quality in segregative populations of hybrid cotton CCRI 70[J].Cotton Science,2016,28(1):1-10.
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