滇龙胆草野生资源的地理分布与生物气候特征
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摘要
利用国家标本资源共享平台提供的物种分布数据,结合野外实地调查和MaxEnt模型对滇龙胆草适宜分布区进行模拟和验证,分析滇龙胆草地理分布与气候因子间的关系.结果表明:模型训练集和验证集曲线下面积(area under curve,AUC)值均>0.90,表明模型预测精度高,预测结果较准确.滇龙胆草分布区地理坐标范围:22.2°—28.75°N,98.48°—110.59°E.适宜的海拔范围为1830～1959 m.适生区总面积约63.92×10~4 km~2;其中,高度适生区4.33×10~4 km~2,中度适生区21.42×10~4 km~2.云南、四川、贵州3省适生区面积合计约59.10×10~4 km~2,占全国适生区面积的92.46%.影响滇龙胆草地理分布的主要气候因子有3、6和8月太阳辐射,温度年较差,最暖季均温,10月和11月平均降水量及最干季降水量.偏最小二乘回归(partial least squares regression,PLSR)分析表明,分布区以北和以东的太阳辐射(3月、6月和8月)、温度年较差、10—11月平均降水量、最干季降水量是主要的限制因子;分布区以南主要限制因子是6月太阳辐射、最暖季均温、10月和11月平均降水量.限制滇龙胆草向四川盆地、广西盆地分布的主要气候因子是太阳辐射、温度年较差、最暖季均温、年生物温度和年可能蒸散量.综合分析认为,滇龙胆草的适生区主要位于云贵高原,上述地区的亚热带湿润气候最适宜滇龙胆草生长.
Based on the species distribution data provided by the National Specimen Information Infrastructure combined with field survey and MaxEnt model, we simulated and verified the suitable distribution area of Gentiana rigescens. Furthermore, the relationship between the geographical distribution and climatic factors of G. rigescens was analyzed. The results showed that area under curve of training set and test set were more than 0.90, indicating high prediction precision and accurate prediction results. Geographic coordinate range of G. rigescens were 22.2°—28.75° N and 98.48°—110.59° E. The suitable altitude range was from 1830 to 1959 m. The total area of suitable distribution region was 63.92×10~4 km~2, including the most suitable distribution region(4.33×10~4 km~2) and middle suitable distribution region(21.42×10~4 km~2). Total area of suitable distribution region in Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan provinces was about 59.10×10~4 km~2, which accounted for 92.46% of total suitable distribution region in China. Solar radiation(March, June and August), temperature annual range, mean temperature of warmest quarter, mean precipitation of October and November, precipitation of driest quarter were the major climatic factors influencing the geographi-cal distribution of G. rigescens. Results from partial least squares regression analysis showed that solar radiation(March, June and August), temperature annual range, mean precipitation of October and November, precipitation of driest quarter were the main restriction factors in north and east of suitable distribution region. The main restriction factors in south of suitable distribution region were solar radiation of June, mean temperature of warmest quarter, precipitation of October and November. The factors limiting distribution of G. rigescens to basin of Sichuan and Guangxi were solar radiation, temperature annual range, mean temperature of warmest quarter, annual biotempe-rature and annual potential evapotranspiration. In conclusion, suitable distribution region of G. rigescens primarily located in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, where subtropical humid climate was most suitable for its growth.
Based on the species distribution data provided by the National Specimen Information Infrastructure combined with field survey and MaxEnt model, we simulated and verified the suitable distribution area of Gentiana rigescens. Furthermore, the relationship between the geographical distribution and climatic factors of G. rigescens was analyzed. The results showed that area under curve of training set and test set were more than 0.90, indicating high prediction precision and accurate prediction results. Geographic coordinate range of G. rigescens were 22.2°—28.75° N and 98.48°—110.59° E. The suitable altitude range was from 1830 to 1959 m. The total area of suitable distribution region was 63.92×10~4 km~2, including the most suitable distribution region(4.33×10~4 km~2) and middle suitable distribution region(21.42×10~4 km~2). Total area of suitable distribution region in Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan provinces was about 59.10×10~4 km~2, which accounted for 92.46% of total suitable distribution region in China. Solar radiation(March, June and August), temperature annual range, mean temperature of warmest quarter, mean precipitation of October and November, precipitation of driest quarter were the major climatic factors influencing the geographi-cal distribution of G. rigescens. Results from partial least squares regression analysis showed that solar radiation(March, June and August), temperature annual range, mean precipitation of October and November, precipitation of driest quarter were the main restriction factors in north and east of suitable distribution region. The main restriction factors in south of suitable distribution region were solar radiation of June, mean temperature of warmest quarter, precipitation of October and November. The factors limiting distribution of G. rigescens to basin of Sichuan and Guangxi were solar radiation, temperature annual range, mean temperature of warmest quarter, annual biotempe-rature and annual potential evapotranspiration. In conclusion, suitable distribution region of G. rigescens primarily located in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, where subtropical humid climate was most suitable for its growth.
引文
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[18] Shen T (沈涛),Zhang J (张霁),Shen S-K (申仕康),et al.Distribution simulation of Gentiana rhodantha in Southwest China and assessment of climate change impact.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2017,28(8):2499-2508 (in Chinese)
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[21] He T-N (何庭农),Liu S-W (刘尚武).A Worldwide Monograph of Gentiana.Beijing:Science Press,2011 (in Chinese)
[22] Cuena-Lombraňa A,Fois M,Fenu G,et al.The impact of climatic variations on the reproductive success of Gentiana lutea L.in a Mediterranean mountain area.International Journal of Biometeorology,2018,62:1283-1295
[23] Fois M,Cuena-Lombrana A,Fenu G,et al.The reliability of conservation status assessments at regional level:Past,present and future perspectives on Gentiana lutea L.ssp.lutea in Sardinia.Journal for Nature Conservation,2016,33:1-9
[24] Lu ZQ,Chen P,Bai XT,et al.Initial diversification,glacial survival,and continuous range expansion of Gentiana straminea (Gentianaceae) in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Biochemical Systematics and Ecology,2015,62:219-228
[25] Li Z-M (李智敏),Liu L (刘莉),Li W-Y (李晚谊),et al.Progress on research and development of G.rigescens as a raw material.Journal of Yunnan University (云南大学学报),2009,31(suppl.):485-487 (in Chinese)
[26] Pan Y,Zhao YL,Zhang J,et al.Phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of the genus Gentiana (Gentia-naceae).Chemistry & Biodiversity,2016,13:107-150
[27] Mustafa AM,Caprioli G,Dikmen M,et al.Evaluation of neuritogenic activity of cultivated,wild and commercial roots of Gentiana lutea L.Journal of Functional Foods,2016,19:164-173
[28] Gao LJ,Li JY,Qi JH.Gentisides A and B,two new neuritogenic compounds from the traditional Chinese medicine Gentiana rigescens Franch.Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry,2010,18:2131-2134
[29] Zheng D (郑度),Yang Q-Y (杨勤业),Wu S-H (吴绍洪).Introduction to Physical Geography of China.Beijing:Science Press,2015 (in Chinese)
[30] Li Y (李垚),Zhang X-W (张兴旺),Fang Y-M (方炎明).Responses of the distribution pattern of Quercus chenii to climate change following the Last Glacial Maximum.Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology (植物生态学报),2016,40(11):1164-1178 (in Chinese)
[31] Zhang X-S (张新时),Yang D-A (杨奠安),Ni W-G (倪文革).The potential evapotranspiration (PE) index for vegetation and vegetation-climatic classification.Ⅲ.An introduction of main methods and PEP program.Acta Phytoecologiaet Geobotanica Sinica (植物生态学与地植物学学报),1993,17(2):97-109 (in Chinese)
[32] Li GQ,Xu GH,Guo K,et al.Geographical boundary and climatic analysis of Pinus tabuliformis in China:Insights on its afforestation.Ecological Engineering,2016,86:75-84
[33] Phillips SJ,Anderson RP,Schapire RE.Maximum entropy modeling of species geographic distributions.Ecological Modelling,2006,190:231-259
[34] Jia G-L (贾光林),Huang L-F (黄林芳),Suo F-M (索风梅),et al.Correlation between ginsenoside contents in Panax ginseng roots and ecological factors,and ecological division of ginseng plantation in China.Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology (植物生态学报),2012,36(4):302-312 (in Chinese)
[35] Zhang Z-Y (张正勇),Liu L (刘琳),Xu L-P (徐丽萍).Response mechanism of glacial distribution patterns to geographical factors.Ecology and Environment Sciences (生态环境学报),2018,27(2):290-296 (in Chinese)
[36] Yang Q-S (杨青松).The Evolution and Differentiation of Distribution of Quercus Section Heterobalanus (Faga-ceae).PhD Thesis.Kunming:Kunming Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,2008 (in Chinese)
[37] Wang L (王丽),Yang Y (杨雁),Fang Y (方艳),et al.Investigation and analysis on resources of Chinese material Gentiana rigescens Franch.Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences (西南农业学报),2017,30(2):267-272 (in Chinese)
[38] Wang S-Y (王声跃),Zhang W (张文).Yunnan Geography.Kunming:Yunnan Nationality Press,2009 (in Chinese)
[39] Shen T (沈涛),Zhang J (张霁),Wang Y-Z (王元忠),et al.Content of main bioactive constituents and quality evaluation for wild grown and cultivated Gentiana rigescens Franch.ex Hemsl.Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis (药物分析杂志),2015,35(6):979-984 (in Chinese)
[40] Wang Q-Q (王琴琴),Shen T (沈涛),Zuo Z-T (左智天),et al.Data fusion and multi-components quantitative analysis for identification and quality evaluation of Gentiana rigescens from different geographical origins.China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica (中国中药杂志),2018,43(6):1162-1168 (in Chinese)
[41] Tang R-P (唐荣平),Su H-L (苏汉林).Study on the ecological and biological features of endangered plant Gentiana rigescens.Hubei Agricultural Sciences (湖北农业科学),2013,52(14):3364-3366 (in Chinese)
[42] Yang M-Q (杨美权),Yang W-Z (杨维泽),Zhao Z-L (赵振玲),et al.Seed germination characteristics of Gentiana rigescens.China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica (中国中药杂志),2011,36(5):556-558 (in Chinese)
[43] Chen L-Z (陈灵芝),Sun H (孙航),Guo K (郭柯).The Flora and Phytogeography of China.Beijing:Science Press,2015 (in Chinese)
[44] Matuszak S,Favre A,Schnitzler J,et al.Key innovations and climatic niche divergence as drivers of diversification in subtropical Gentianinae in southeastern and eastern Asia.American Journal of Botany,2016,103:899-911
[45] Zhang J,Zhang JY,Wang YZ,et al.Effects of tree species on seed germination and seedlings growth of Chinese medicinal herb Gentiana rigescens.Allelopathy Journal,2012,29:325-331
[2] Ma X-J (马晓晶),Guo J (郭娟),Tang J-F (唐金富),et al.Status and future of natural resource for Chinese materia medica.China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica (中国中药杂志),2015,40(10):1887-1892 (in Chinese)
[3] Chi XL,Zhang ZJ,Xu XT,et al.Threatened medicinal plants in China:Distributions and conservation priorities.Biological Conservation,2017,210:89-95
[4] The Institute of Botany of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (中国科学院植物研究所).Information System of Chinese Rare and Endangered Plants [EB/OL].(2013-01-01) [2018-09-24].http://rep.iplant.cn/protlist (in Chinese)
[5] Chen S-L (陈士林),Wei J-H (魏建和),Han J-P (韩建萍),et al.Medicinal farming and its sustainable development.World Science and Technology-Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Materia Medica (世界科学技术-中医药现代化),2007,9(4):1-7 (in Chinese)
[6] Zhou K-S (周刊社),Zhang J-C (张建春),Huang X-Q (黄晓清),et al.Suitability and regionalization of Ophiocordyceps sinensis in the Tibetan Plateau.Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报),2018,38(8):2768-2779 (in Chinese)
[7] Zhang D-F (张东方),Zhang Q (张琴),Guo J (郭杰),et al.Research on the global ecological suitability and characteristics of regions with Angelica sinensis based on the MaxEnt model.Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报),2017,37(15):5111-5120 (in Chinese)
[8] Huang L-F (黄林芳),Fu J (付娟),Chen S-L (陈士林).Academic study on ecological variation of traditional Chinese medicinal materials.Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs (中草药),2012,43(7):1249-1258 (in Chinese)
[9] Kreft H,Jetz W.Global patterns and determinants of vascular plant diversity.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2007,104:5925-5930
[10] Bradie J,Leung B.A quantitative synthesis of the importance of variables used in MaxEnt species distribution models.Journal of Biogeography,2017,44:1344-1361
[11] Liu J (刘杰),Luo Y-H (罗亚皇),Li D-Z (李德铢),et al.Evolution and maintenance mechanisms of plant diversity in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and adjacent regions:Retrospect and prospect.Biodiversity Science (生物多样性),2017,25(2):163-174 (in Chinese)
[12] Chakraborty A,Joshi PK,Sachdeva K.Predicting distribution of major forest tree species to potential impacts of climate change in the central Himalayan region.Ecological Engineering,2016,97:593-609
[13] Yan YJ,Li Y,Wang WJ,et al.Range shifts in response to climate change of Ophiocordyceps sinensis,a fungus endemic to the Tibetan Plateau.Biological Conservation,2017,206:143-150
[14] Ma B,Sun J.Predicting the distribution of Stipa purpurea across the Tibetan Plateau via the MaxEnt model.BMC Ecology,2018,18:10
[15] Zhang X-Q (张晓芹),Li G-Q (李国庆),Du S (杜盛).Predicting the influence of future climate change on the suitable distribution areas of Elaeagnus angustifolia.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2018,29(10):3213-3220 (in Chinese)
[16] Ashraf U,Peterson AT,Chaudhry MN,et al.Ecological niche model comparison under different climate scena-rios:A case study of Olea spp.in Asia.Ecosphere,2017,8:e01825
[17] Lamsal P,Kumar L,Aryal A,et al.Invasive alien plant species dynamics in the Himalayan region under climate change.Ambio,2018,47:697-710
[18] Shen T (沈涛),Zhang J (张霁),Shen S-K (申仕康),et al.Distribution simulation of Gentiana rhodantha in Southwest China and assessment of climate change impact.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2017,28(8):2499-2508 (in Chinese)
[19] Zhu SD,Peng HS,Guo LP,et al.Regionalization of Chinese material medical quality based on maximum entropy model:A case study of Atractylodes lancea.Scientific Reports,2017,7:42417
[20] Wan JZ,Wang CJ,Yu JH,et al.The ability of Nature Reserves to conserve medicinal plant resources:A case study in northeast China.Ecological Informatics,2014,24:27-34
[21] He T-N (何庭农),Liu S-W (刘尚武).A Worldwide Monograph of Gentiana.Beijing:Science Press,2011 (in Chinese)
[22] Cuena-Lombraňa A,Fois M,Fenu G,et al.The impact of climatic variations on the reproductive success of Gentiana lutea L.in a Mediterranean mountain area.International Journal of Biometeorology,2018,62:1283-1295
[23] Fois M,Cuena-Lombrana A,Fenu G,et al.The reliability of conservation status assessments at regional level:Past,present and future perspectives on Gentiana lutea L.ssp.lutea in Sardinia.Journal for Nature Conservation,2016,33:1-9
[24] Lu ZQ,Chen P,Bai XT,et al.Initial diversification,glacial survival,and continuous range expansion of Gentiana straminea (Gentianaceae) in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Biochemical Systematics and Ecology,2015,62:219-228
[25] Li Z-M (李智敏),Liu L (刘莉),Li W-Y (李晚谊),et al.Progress on research and development of G.rigescens as a raw material.Journal of Yunnan University (云南大学学报),2009,31(suppl.):485-487 (in Chinese)
[26] Pan Y,Zhao YL,Zhang J,et al.Phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of the genus Gentiana (Gentia-naceae).Chemistry & Biodiversity,2016,13:107-150
[27] Mustafa AM,Caprioli G,Dikmen M,et al.Evaluation of neuritogenic activity of cultivated,wild and commercial roots of Gentiana lutea L.Journal of Functional Foods,2016,19:164-173
[28] Gao LJ,Li JY,Qi JH.Gentisides A and B,two new neuritogenic compounds from the traditional Chinese medicine Gentiana rigescens Franch.Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry,2010,18:2131-2134
[29] Zheng D (郑度),Yang Q-Y (杨勤业),Wu S-H (吴绍洪).Introduction to Physical Geography of China.Beijing:Science Press,2015 (in Chinese)
[30] Li Y (李垚),Zhang X-W (张兴旺),Fang Y-M (方炎明).Responses of the distribution pattern of Quercus chenii to climate change following the Last Glacial Maximum.Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology (植物生态学报),2016,40(11):1164-1178 (in Chinese)
[31] Zhang X-S (张新时),Yang D-A (杨奠安),Ni W-G (倪文革).The potential evapotranspiration (PE) index for vegetation and vegetation-climatic classification.Ⅲ.An introduction of main methods and PEP program.Acta Phytoecologiaet Geobotanica Sinica (植物生态学与地植物学学报),1993,17(2):97-109 (in Chinese)
[32] Li GQ,Xu GH,Guo K,et al.Geographical boundary and climatic analysis of Pinus tabuliformis in China:Insights on its afforestation.Ecological Engineering,2016,86:75-84
[33] Phillips SJ,Anderson RP,Schapire RE.Maximum entropy modeling of species geographic distributions.Ecological Modelling,2006,190:231-259
[34] Jia G-L (贾光林),Huang L-F (黄林芳),Suo F-M (索风梅),et al.Correlation between ginsenoside contents in Panax ginseng roots and ecological factors,and ecological division of ginseng plantation in China.Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology (植物生态学报),2012,36(4):302-312 (in Chinese)
[35] Zhang Z-Y (张正勇),Liu L (刘琳),Xu L-P (徐丽萍).Response mechanism of glacial distribution patterns to geographical factors.Ecology and Environment Sciences (生态环境学报),2018,27(2):290-296 (in Chinese)
[36] Yang Q-S (杨青松).The Evolution and Differentiation of Distribution of Quercus Section Heterobalanus (Faga-ceae).PhD Thesis.Kunming:Kunming Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,2008 (in Chinese)
[37] Wang L (王丽),Yang Y (杨雁),Fang Y (方艳),et al.Investigation and analysis on resources of Chinese material Gentiana rigescens Franch.Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences (西南农业学报),2017,30(2):267-272 (in Chinese)
[38] Wang S-Y (王声跃),Zhang W (张文).Yunnan Geography.Kunming:Yunnan Nationality Press,2009 (in Chinese)
[39] Shen T (沈涛),Zhang J (张霁),Wang Y-Z (王元忠),et al.Content of main bioactive constituents and quality evaluation for wild grown and cultivated Gentiana rigescens Franch.ex Hemsl.Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis (药物分析杂志),2015,35(6):979-984 (in Chinese)
[40] Wang Q-Q (王琴琴),Shen T (沈涛),Zuo Z-T (左智天),et al.Data fusion and multi-components quantitative analysis for identification and quality evaluation of Gentiana rigescens from different geographical origins.China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica (中国中药杂志),2018,43(6):1162-1168 (in Chinese)
[41] Tang R-P (唐荣平),Su H-L (苏汉林).Study on the ecological and biological features of endangered plant Gentiana rigescens.Hubei Agricultural Sciences (湖北农业科学),2013,52(14):3364-3366 (in Chinese)
[42] Yang M-Q (杨美权),Yang W-Z (杨维泽),Zhao Z-L (赵振玲),et al.Seed germination characteristics of Gentiana rigescens.China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica (中国中药杂志),2011,36(5):556-558 (in Chinese)
[43] Chen L-Z (陈灵芝),Sun H (孙航),Guo K (郭柯).The Flora and Phytogeography of China.Beijing:Science Press,2015 (in Chinese)
[44] Matuszak S,Favre A,Schnitzler J,et al.Key innovations and climatic niche divergence as drivers of diversification in subtropical Gentianinae in southeastern and eastern Asia.American Journal of Botany,2016,103:899-911
[45] Zhang J,Zhang JY,Wang YZ,et al.Effects of tree species on seed germination and seedlings growth of Chinese medicinal herb Gentiana rigescens.Allelopathy Journal,2012,29:325-331