广西玉米品种开花期抗旱性鉴定与评价
|
摘要
选取20个广西玉米品种,在开花期进行干旱胁迫处理,测定叶片相对含水量、可溶性糖含量、叶绿素含量、丙二醛含量、SOD酶活性等生理指标,同时测定产量指标。通过五级评分法对生理生化指标进行抗旱性打分,通过产量指标计算抗旱指数,综合评价玉米开花期的抗旱性。结果表明,五级评分法综合得分在1.9293～5.6595之间,其中正大619、桂单162和桂单0810得分大于5.0,其次为迪卡008、先玉30T60、先正达901、庆农68、南美1号和万川1306得分在4.0～5.0之间。而抗旱指数值在0.4104～1.0963之间,其中桂单0810、太平洋99和正大619抗旱指数大于1.0,先玉30T60、迪卡008和南美1号抗旱指数在0.9～1.0间。两种评价结果之间的相关性为0.5887,达到极显著相关。五级评分法与抗旱指数可同时用于玉米开花期抗旱性评价。两方面评价结果均表现抗旱的品种为桂单0810、正大619、先玉30T60、迪卡008和南美1号,其中桂单0810和正大619为抗旱性极强品种。
Taking 20 maize varieties in Guangxi as materials, the drought-resistant physiological and biochemical indexes of maize during flowering stage and yield index were determined under drought stress. We synthetically evaluated the drought resistance of the maize flowering stage through the scores from a five-level grading method of drought-resistant physiological and biochemical indexes and drought index of yield. The results showed that five-level grading method composite scores were between 1.9293～5.6595, of which the evaluation scores of Zhengda 619, Guidan 162, and Guidan 0810 were higher than 5.0, followed by Dika 008, Xianyu 30 T60, Xianzhengda 901, Qingnong 68, South America No. 1 and Wanchuan 1306 scored between 4.0～5.0. Their drought indexes were between 0.4104～1.0963 among them, Guidan 0810, Pacific 99, and Zhengda 619 were higher than 1.0, followed by Xianyu 30 T60, Dika 008 and South America No. 1 were between 0.9～1.0. The relationship between the two kinds of evaluation results was significantly correlated with a coefficient of 0.5887. Thus, five-level grading method and drought index could be used to evaluate drought resistance of maize at flowering stage. Two aspects of the evaluation results showed that Guidan 0810, Zhengda 619, Xianyu 30 T60, Dika 008, and South America No. 1 were drought resistant varieties. Among them, Guidan 0810 and Zhengda 619 were strong drought resistant varieties.
Taking 20 maize varieties in Guangxi as materials, the drought-resistant physiological and biochemical indexes of maize during flowering stage and yield index were determined under drought stress. We synthetically evaluated the drought resistance of the maize flowering stage through the scores from a five-level grading method of drought-resistant physiological and biochemical indexes and drought index of yield. The results showed that five-level grading method composite scores were between 1.9293～5.6595, of which the evaluation scores of Zhengda 619, Guidan 162, and Guidan 0810 were higher than 5.0, followed by Dika 008, Xianyu 30 T60, Xianzhengda 901, Qingnong 68, South America No. 1 and Wanchuan 1306 scored between 4.0～5.0. Their drought indexes were between 0.4104～1.0963 among them, Guidan 0810, Pacific 99, and Zhengda 619 were higher than 1.0, followed by Xianyu 30 T60, Dika 008 and South America No. 1 were between 0.9～1.0. The relationship between the two kinds of evaluation results was significantly correlated with a coefficient of 0.5887. Thus, five-level grading method and drought index could be used to evaluate drought resistance of maize at flowering stage. Two aspects of the evaluation results showed that Guidan 0810, Zhengda 619, Xianyu 30 T60, Dika 008, and South America No. 1 were drought resistant varieties. Among them, Guidan 0810 and Zhengda 619 were strong drought resistant varieties.
引文
[1] 王文静,延军平,刘永林,等.广西旱灾对称性特征及趋势判断[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2015,54(6):163-168.
[2] 张述宽.广西玉米育种目标及种质改良对策[J].广西农业科学,2004,35(2):108-110.
[3] 田树云,文仁来,何静丹,等.广西主栽玉米品种苗期干旱胁迫及复水补偿效应研究[J].西南农业学报,2016,29(3):479-485.
[4] 朴明鑫,李成,金峰学,等.玉米耐旱鉴定研究进展[J].玉米科学,2013,21(4):89-93.
[5] 山仑,张岁岐.节水农业及其生物学基础[J].水土保持研究,1999,6(1):2-6,13.
[6] 山仑.旱地农业技术发展趋向[J].中国农业科学,2002,35(7):848-855.
[7] 宋凤斌,戴俊英,张烈,等.水分胁迫对玉米花粉活力和花丝受精能力的影响[J].作物学报,1998,24(3):368-372.
[8] 张凤路,D.kirubi.玉米雌雄穗开花间隔与产量关系研究[J].作物学报,2002,28(1):76-78.
[9] 孙宝成,刘成,王天宇,等.转基因玉米株高、ASI和穗部性状与抗旱性的关系研究[J].新疆农业科学,2012,49(11):1961-1965.
[10] 武斌,李新海,肖木辑,等.53份玉米自交系的苗期耐旱性分析[J].中国农业科学,2007,40(4):665-676.
[11] 谭静,刘帆,李自卫,等.玉米品种耐旱性鉴定及耐旱指标筛选[J].西南农业学报,2013,26(1):26-31.
[12] 杜彩艳,段宗颜,王建新,等.云南8个玉米品种苗期抗旱性研究[J].西北农业学报,2014,23(10):82-89.
[13] 余贵海,起雪宏,王正启,等.14个玉米杂交种萌发期抗旱性评价[J].西南农业学报,2016,29(7):1499-1505.
[14] 杜伟莉,高杰,卜令铎,等.玉米品种开花期抗旱性鉴定指标筛选[J].干旱地区农业研究,2012,30(5):71-76,86.
[15] 覃永嫒,时成俏,王兵伟,等.48份玉米种质的耐旱性鉴定与评价[J].南方农业学报,2014,45(11):1926-1934.
[16] 何静丹,文仁来,田树云,等.抽雄期干旱胁迫与复水对不同玉米品种生长及产量的影响[J].南方农业学报,2017,48(3):408-415.
[17] 彭云玲,赵小强,任续伟,等.开花期干旱胁迫对不同基因型玉米生理特性和产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2014,32(3):9-14.
[18] 陈坤,杨耀迥,苏琪,等.不同干旱胁迫对玉米产量的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2016,44(6):70-71,162.
[19] 李叶蓓,陶洪斌,王若男,等.干旱对玉米穗发育及产量的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2015,23(4):383-391.
[20] 杜彩艳,段宗颜,张乃明,等.云南主栽玉米品种抗旱性鉴定与评价[J].干旱地区农业研究,2015,33(4):181-189.
[21] 高俊凤.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006:15-16,74-76,144-148,210-211.
[22] 吴文荣.玉米不同品种芽苗期抗旱性及指标的研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院研究生院,2008.
[23] 兰巨生,胡福顺,张景瑞.作物抗旱指数的概念和统计方法[J].华北农学报,1990,5(2):20-25.
[24] Bolanos J,Edmeades G O.The importance of the anthesis-silking interval in breeding for drought tolerance in tropical maize[J] .Field Crops Research,1996,48(1):65-80.
[25] Bolanos J,Edmeades G O,Martinez L.Eight cycles of selection for drought tolerance in low land tropical maize.Ⅲ.Responses in drought adaptive physiological and morphological traits[J].Field Crops Research,1993,31(3-4):269-286.
[26] Bruce W B,Edmeades G O,Barker T C.Molecular and physiological approaches to maize improvement for drought tolerance[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,2002,53(366):13-25.
[27] Betran F J,Beck D,Banziger M,et al.Secondary traits in parental inbreds and hybrids under stress and non-stress environments in tropical maize[J].Field Crops Research,2003,83(1):51-65.
[28] 辛国荣,董美玲,宋淑明.水分胁迫下几种燕麦品种的一些生理生化变化及其与植物抗旱性关系的研究[J].草业科学,1996,13(5):50-55.
[29] 何雪银,文仁来,吴翠荣,等.模糊隶属函数法对玉米苗期抗旱性的分析[J].西南农业学报,2008,21(1):52-56.
[30] 张智猛,戴良香,丁红,等.中国北方主栽花生品种抗旱性鉴定与评价[J].作物学报,2012,38(3):495-504.
[31] 邹成林,谭华,黄开建,等.广西玉米品种苗期生理生化指标与其抗旱性的综合评价[J].南方农业学报,2015,46(3):408-414.
[32] 张振平,齐华,李威,等.玉米品种抗旱性筛选指标研究[J].玉米科学,2007,15(5):65-68.
[33] 于永涛,刘成,吕玲,等.玉米品种耐旱性评价及相关鉴定指标的研究[J].作物杂志,2008,(4):55-58.
[2] 张述宽.广西玉米育种目标及种质改良对策[J].广西农业科学,2004,35(2):108-110.
[3] 田树云,文仁来,何静丹,等.广西主栽玉米品种苗期干旱胁迫及复水补偿效应研究[J].西南农业学报,2016,29(3):479-485.
[4] 朴明鑫,李成,金峰学,等.玉米耐旱鉴定研究进展[J].玉米科学,2013,21(4):89-93.
[5] 山仑,张岁岐.节水农业及其生物学基础[J].水土保持研究,1999,6(1):2-6,13.
[6] 山仑.旱地农业技术发展趋向[J].中国农业科学,2002,35(7):848-855.
[7] 宋凤斌,戴俊英,张烈,等.水分胁迫对玉米花粉活力和花丝受精能力的影响[J].作物学报,1998,24(3):368-372.
[8] 张凤路,D.kirubi.玉米雌雄穗开花间隔与产量关系研究[J].作物学报,2002,28(1):76-78.
[9] 孙宝成,刘成,王天宇,等.转基因玉米株高、ASI和穗部性状与抗旱性的关系研究[J].新疆农业科学,2012,49(11):1961-1965.
[10] 武斌,李新海,肖木辑,等.53份玉米自交系的苗期耐旱性分析[J].中国农业科学,2007,40(4):665-676.
[11] 谭静,刘帆,李自卫,等.玉米品种耐旱性鉴定及耐旱指标筛选[J].西南农业学报,2013,26(1):26-31.
[12] 杜彩艳,段宗颜,王建新,等.云南8个玉米品种苗期抗旱性研究[J].西北农业学报,2014,23(10):82-89.
[13] 余贵海,起雪宏,王正启,等.14个玉米杂交种萌发期抗旱性评价[J].西南农业学报,2016,29(7):1499-1505.
[14] 杜伟莉,高杰,卜令铎,等.玉米品种开花期抗旱性鉴定指标筛选[J].干旱地区农业研究,2012,30(5):71-76,86.
[15] 覃永嫒,时成俏,王兵伟,等.48份玉米种质的耐旱性鉴定与评价[J].南方农业学报,2014,45(11):1926-1934.
[16] 何静丹,文仁来,田树云,等.抽雄期干旱胁迫与复水对不同玉米品种生长及产量的影响[J].南方农业学报,2017,48(3):408-415.
[17] 彭云玲,赵小强,任续伟,等.开花期干旱胁迫对不同基因型玉米生理特性和产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2014,32(3):9-14.
[18] 陈坤,杨耀迥,苏琪,等.不同干旱胁迫对玉米产量的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2016,44(6):70-71,162.
[19] 李叶蓓,陶洪斌,王若男,等.干旱对玉米穗发育及产量的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2015,23(4):383-391.
[20] 杜彩艳,段宗颜,张乃明,等.云南主栽玉米品种抗旱性鉴定与评价[J].干旱地区农业研究,2015,33(4):181-189.
[21] 高俊凤.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006:15-16,74-76,144-148,210-211.
[22] 吴文荣.玉米不同品种芽苗期抗旱性及指标的研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院研究生院,2008.
[23] 兰巨生,胡福顺,张景瑞.作物抗旱指数的概念和统计方法[J].华北农学报,1990,5(2):20-25.
[24] Bolanos J,Edmeades G O.The importance of the anthesis-silking interval in breeding for drought tolerance in tropical maize[J] .Field Crops Research,1996,48(1):65-80.
[25] Bolanos J,Edmeades G O,Martinez L.Eight cycles of selection for drought tolerance in low land tropical maize.Ⅲ.Responses in drought adaptive physiological and morphological traits[J].Field Crops Research,1993,31(3-4):269-286.
[26] Bruce W B,Edmeades G O,Barker T C.Molecular and physiological approaches to maize improvement for drought tolerance[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,2002,53(366):13-25.
[27] Betran F J,Beck D,Banziger M,et al.Secondary traits in parental inbreds and hybrids under stress and non-stress environments in tropical maize[J].Field Crops Research,2003,83(1):51-65.
[28] 辛国荣,董美玲,宋淑明.水分胁迫下几种燕麦品种的一些生理生化变化及其与植物抗旱性关系的研究[J].草业科学,1996,13(5):50-55.
[29] 何雪银,文仁来,吴翠荣,等.模糊隶属函数法对玉米苗期抗旱性的分析[J].西南农业学报,2008,21(1):52-56.
[30] 张智猛,戴良香,丁红,等.中国北方主栽花生品种抗旱性鉴定与评价[J].作物学报,2012,38(3):495-504.
[31] 邹成林,谭华,黄开建,等.广西玉米品种苗期生理生化指标与其抗旱性的综合评价[J].南方农业学报,2015,46(3):408-414.
[32] 张振平,齐华,李威,等.玉米品种抗旱性筛选指标研究[J].玉米科学,2007,15(5):65-68.
[33] 于永涛,刘成,吕玲,等.玉米品种耐旱性评价及相关鉴定指标的研究[J].作物杂志,2008,(4):55-58.