滇西北剑川-虎跳峡大规模东向西逆冲推覆构造——兼论滇西扬子陆块区与西藏-三江造山系界线
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摘要
基于剑川至虎跳峡一带的野外区域地质调查资料,论述剑川-虎跳峡断裂的性质,进而探讨扬子-华南陆块区与西藏-三江造山系的界线。野外观察显示,该区存在大规模自东向西的逆冲推覆构造,从剑川开始,经丽江白汉场—汝寒坪、忠义村,至香格里拉县的虎跳峡镇(下桥头)等地,多条剖面可见上扬子稳定型的古生代及中生代三叠纪地层自东向西逆冲推覆在西藏-三江造山系地层层序之上,推覆距离大于50 km。因此,剑川—虎跳峡断裂不是两大板块的边界,而是一条狭长的构造窗。两大板块的界线应是大理-剑川-丽江-木里断裂,南段接红河断裂。
Based on the regional geological survey,the characteristics of the faults in JianchuanHutiaoxia area and the boundary of the Yangtze Craton and Tibet-Sanjiang Orogenic System were discussed. The results show that there exist EW trending large-scale thrust nappe structures in this region. Through the observation of several sections which started from Jianchuan to BaihanchangRuhanping and Zhongyi Village in Lijiang,and ended in Hutiaoxia town( Xiatiaotou) in ShangriLa,it is revealed that the stable sequences including Paleozoic and Mesozoic Triassic strata of Yangtze craton are thrust nappes,overlying westward on the strata sequences of the Tibetan-Sanjiang orogenic system,with the thrusting distance over 50 km. Therefore the Jianchuan-Hutiaoxia fault is a narrow tectonic window instead of the boundary of the Yantze Craton and the Sanjiang orogenic system. The Erhai-Jianchuan-Lijiang-Muli fault is suggested as the boundary of the two plates,extending southward to the Red River fault.
Based on the regional geological survey,the characteristics of the faults in JianchuanHutiaoxia area and the boundary of the Yangtze Craton and Tibet-Sanjiang Orogenic System were discussed. The results show that there exist EW trending large-scale thrust nappe structures in this region. Through the observation of several sections which started from Jianchuan to BaihanchangRuhanping and Zhongyi Village in Lijiang,and ended in Hutiaoxia town( Xiatiaotou) in ShangriLa,it is revealed that the stable sequences including Paleozoic and Mesozoic Triassic strata of Yangtze craton are thrust nappes,overlying westward on the strata sequences of the Tibetan-Sanjiang orogenic system,with the thrusting distance over 50 km. Therefore the Jianchuan-Hutiaoxia fault is a narrow tectonic window instead of the boundary of the Yantze Craton and the Sanjiang orogenic system. The Erhai-Jianchuan-Lijiang-Muli fault is suggested as the boundary of the two plates,extending southward to the Red River fault.
引文
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[2]潘桂棠,肖庆辉,陆松年,等.中国大地构造单元划分[J].中国地质,2009,36(1):1~28.PAN Gui-tang,XIAO Qing-hui,LU Song-nian,et al.Subdivision of tectonic units in China[J].Geology in China,2009,36(1):1~28.
[3]李兴振,江新胜,孙志明,等.西南三江地区碰撞造山过程[M].北京:地质出版社,2002:1~20.LI Xing-zhen,JIANG Xin-sheng,SUN Zhi-ming,et al.The collisional orogenic processes of the Lancangjiang-JinshajiangNujiang area,Southwestern China[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2002:1~20.
[4]刘增乾,李兴振,叶庆同,等.三江地区构造岩浆带的划分与矿产分布规律[M].北京:地质出版社,1993:25~43.LIU Zeng-qian,LI Xing-zhen,YE Qing-tong,et al.Division of tectono-magmatic zones and the distribution of deposits in the Sanjiang area[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1993:25~43.
[5]云南地质矿产局.云南省区域地质志[M].北京:地质出版社,1990:553~555.Yunnan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources.Regional geology of Yunnan Province[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1990:553~555.
[6]王义昭,熊家镛,林尧明.云南地质构造的若干特征[J].云南地质,1988,7(2):105~111.WANG Yi-zhao,Xiong Jia-yong,Lin Yao-ming.Some features on Yunnan geological structures[J].Yunnan Geology,1988,7(2):105~111.
[7]潘桂棠,丁俊.青藏高原及邻区地质图说明书[M].成都:成都地图出版社,2004:10~12.PAN Gui-tang,DING Jun.The geological map of the Qinghai-Xizang(Tibet)Plateau and adjacent areas[M].Chengdu:Chengdu Cartographic Publishing House,2004:10~12.
[8]钟达赉.滇川西部古特提斯造山带[M].北京:科学出版社,1998:89~91.ZHONG Da-lai.The Tethyan orogenic belt in western Yunnan[M].Beijing:Science Press,1998:89~91.
[9]沙绍礼,殷质豫,夏抱本.滇西北新生代逆冲推覆构造[J].云南地质,2004,23(2):154~163.SHA Shao-li,YIN Zhi-yu,XIA Bao-ben.The Cenozoic thrusting nappe in northwest Yunnan[J].Yunnan Geology,2004,23(2):154~163.
[10]范承均,张翼飞.云南西部地质构造格局[J].云南地质,1993,12(2):139~147.FAN Cheng-jun,ZHANG Yi-fei.Tectonic framework of the western Yunnan Province[J].Yunnan Geology,1993,12(2):139~147.
[11]云南省地质局第一区域地质调查队.1∶20万丽江幅区域地质调查报告[R].玉溪:云南省地质局第一区域地质调查队,1977.The No.1 Regional Geological Survey Brigade,Yunnan Geological Bureau.Report of regional geological survey,Yunnan Province(1∶200000 Lijiang Sheet)[R].Yuxi:The No.1 Regional Geological Survey Brigade,Yunnan Geological Bureau,1977.
[12]翟明国,从柏林.对于点苍山-石鼓变质岩带区域划分的意见[J].岩石学报,1993,9(3):227~239.ZHAI Ming-guo,Cong Bai-lin.The Diancangshan-Shigu metamorphic belt in W.Yunnan,China:Their geochemical and geochronological characteristics and division of metamorphic domains[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,1993,9(3):227~239.
[13]云南省地质矿产局区域地质调查队.1∶20万维西幅区域地质调查报告[R].玉溪:云南省地质矿产局区域地质调查队,1984.The Regional Geological Survey Brigade,Yunnan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources.Report of regional geological survey,Yunnan Province(1∶200000 Weixi Sheet)[R].Yuxi:The Regional Geological Survey Brigade,Yunnan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources,1984.
[14]米士.丽江地质志[M].李璞,译.北京:国立北京大学,1947.Misch P H.Geology of Lijiang[M].LI Pu,translated.Beijing:National Beijing University,1947.
[15]云南省地质局第一区域地质队.1∶100万下关幅地质图说明书[R].玉溪:云南省地质局第一区域地质调查队,1965.The No.1 Regional Geological Survey Brigade,Yunnan Geological Bureau.The specification of regional geological survey,Yunnan Province(1∶1000000 Xiaguan Sheet)[R].Yuxi:The No.1 Regional Geological Survey Brigade,Yunnan Geological Bureau,1965.
[16]金性春.板块构造学基础[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1984:41~45.JIN Xing-chun.Fundamentals of plate tectonics[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Science and Technology Press,1984:41~45.
[17]李春昱,郭令智,朱夏,等.板块构造基本问题[M].北京:地震出版社,1986:10~31,363~392.LI Chun-yu,GUO Ling-zhi,ZHU Xia,et al.Basic problems on plate tectonics[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,1986:10~31,363~392.
[18]程裕淇,王鸿祯.地球科学大辞典[M].北京:地质出版社,2006:885.CHENG Yu-qi,WANG Hong-zhen.Earth science dictionary[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2006:885.
[19]陈元坤.哀牢山-点苍山推覆构造的认识依据和讨论[J].云南地质,1987,6(4):291~297.CHEN Yuan-kun.A cognitive basis and discussion on the nappe structure of Ailaoshan-Diancangshan[J].Yunnan Geology,1987,6(4):291~297.
[20]虢顺民,计凤桔,向宏发,等.红河活动断裂带[M].北京:海洋出版社,2001:27~48,130~141.GUO Shun-min,JI Feng-ju,XIANG Hong-fa,et al.The Honghe active fault zone[M].Beijing:China Ocean Press,2001:27~48,130~141.
[21]国家地震局地质研究所,云南省地震局.滇西北地区活动断裂[M].北京:地震出版社,1990:217~286.Institute of Geology,State Seismological Bureau,Seismological Bureau of Yunnan Province.Active fault in northwest Yunnan region[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,1990:217~286.
[22]范承均.滇西区域地质特征[J].云南地质,1982,1(4):323~336.FAN Cheng-jun.Regional geological characteristics in western Yunnan[J].Yunnan Geology,1982,1(4):323~336.
[23]云南省地质矿产局区域地质调查队.1∶20万永宁幅区域地质调查报告[R].玉溪:云南省地质矿产局区域地质调查队,1980.The Regional Geological Survey Brigade,Yunnan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources.Report of regional geological survey,Yunnan Province(1∶200000 Yongning Sheet)[R].Yuxi:The Regional Geological Survey Brigade,Yunnan Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources,1980.
[24]程裕淇.中国区域地质概论[M].北京:地质出版社,1994:242~243,306~309.CHENG Yu-qi.Introduction to Chinese region geology[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1994:242~243,306~309.
[25]沙绍礼.点苍山新生代推覆构造的确立及其地质意义[J].云南地质,2002,21(3):250~255.SHA Shao-li.The determination of Cenozoic nappe strctures of Diancang MTS and their geological significance[J].Yunnan Geology,2002,21(3):250~255.
[26]谢明儒,蒲国全,张玉全.云南省中旬县麻花坪钨铍矿床地质特征及成因探讨[R].1989.XIE Ming-ru,PU Guo-quan,ZHANG Yu-quan.Geological characteristics and genesis discussion of Mahuaping tungstenberyllium deposit in Zhongdian County,Yunnan Province[R].1989.
[27]钟康惠,刘肇昌,李凡友,等.盐源-丽江构造带是新生代陆内造山带[J].地质学报,2004,78(1):36~43.ZHONG Kang-hui,LIU Zhao-chang,LI Fan-you,et al.Yanyuan-Lijiang tectonic zone:A Cenozoic intracontinental orogenic belt[J].Acta Geological Sinica,2004,78(1):36~43.