木托盘有限元分析精度的影响因素
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摘要
目的研究有限元软件模拟木托盘抗弯性能时各因素对其分析精度的影响。方法对木托盘的抗弯性能进行理论分析和有限元模拟。通过计算铺板力学模型得到理论变形值;将Creo软件建立的托盘模型导入Ansys Workbench进行分析,得到有限元模拟值。采用控制变量法,改变单元类型和网格划分方式,并将结果与理论计算值进行对比分析。结果采用软件默认的单元类型和经网格划分方式等得到的整体位移结果与理论值的误差为2.97%。通过对各影响因素的调整,顶铺板的位移结果与理论值的误差为0.02%。结论单元数量相同的情况下,高阶单元的分析精度优于低阶单元,六面体单元优于四面体单元。保持其他设置条件不变,细化网格可提高分析精度。
The work aims to study the effects of all factors on the analysis precision when the finite element software was used to simulate the bending performance of wooden pallets. The theoretical analysis and finite element simulation of the bending performance of wooden pallets were made. The theoretical deformation values were obtained through the calculation of deck mechanical model. The pallet model created by Creo software was imported into Ansys Workbench for analysis, and the finite element simulation values were obtained. The control variable method was used to change the element type and meshing method, and the results and theoretical calculations were compared and analyzed. The ror between overall displacement results and theoretical value obtained by the default software element type and meshing method was 2.97%. Through the adjustment of each influence factor, the error between the displacement result and the theoretical value of top deck was 0.02%. In the case of the same number of elements, the analysis precision of the higher-order element is better than the lower one. Hexahedral element is superior to the tetrahedral element. With the other setting conditions unchanged, the refined mesh can improve the analysis precision.
The work aims to study the effects of all factors on the analysis precision when the finite element software was used to simulate the bending performance of wooden pallets. The theoretical analysis and finite element simulation of the bending performance of wooden pallets were made. The theoretical deformation values were obtained through the calculation of deck mechanical model. The pallet model created by Creo software was imported into Ansys Workbench for analysis, and the finite element simulation values were obtained. The control variable method was used to change the element type and meshing method, and the results and theoretical calculations were compared and analyzed. The ror between overall displacement results and theoretical value obtained by the default software element type and meshing method was 2.97%. Through the adjustment of each influence factor, the error between the displacement result and the theoretical value of top deck was 0.02%. In the case of the same number of elements, the analysis precision of the higher-order element is better than the lower one. Hexahedral element is superior to the tetrahedral element. With the other setting conditions unchanged, the refined mesh can improve the analysis precision.
引文
[1]胡家航,强添纲,郭明辉.Ansys在木结构构件中的应用[J].世界林业研究,2016,29(3):75—79.HU Jia-hang,QIANG Tian-gang,GUO Ming-hui.Ansys Application in Wood Structural Components[J].World Forestry Research,2016,29(3):75—79.
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[3]谭大松.大型机电产品包装箱力学性能研究与结构优化设计[D].南京:南京林业大学,2015.TAN Da-song.Mechanical Properties and Structural Optimization Design of the Packing Box of Electromechanical Products[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Forestry University,2015.
[4]吴清一,靳伟.中国托盘手册[M].北京:中国财富出版社,2014.WU Qing-yi,JIN Wei.China Pallet Handbook[M].Beijing:China Fortune Press,2014.
[5]RATNAM M M,LIM J H,ABDUL K H.Study of Three-dimensional Deformation of a Pallet Using Phase-shift Shadow Moire and Finite-element Analysis[J].Experimental Mechanics,2005,45(1):9—17.
[6]KARACAIL O.Explicit Analysis of Cyclic Fatigue Behavior of Poplar Wood Pallet by Computational Engineering-von Mises Yield,Goodmen and N-S Diagram Approach[J].Acta Physical Polonica,2017,131(3):457—459.
[7]曹菲.木托盘受力性能理论分析及有限元模拟[J].包装工程,2016,37(23):50—54.CAO Fei.Theoretical Analysis and Finite Element Simulation of Mechanical Property for Wooden Pallet[J].Packaging Engineering,2016,37(23):50—54.
[8]丁毅,苏杰,陈立民.基于Ansys Workbench的轻质托盘承载性能分析[J].包装与食品机械,2012,30(2):67—69.DING Yi,SU Jie,CHEN Li-min.Analysis of Load Bearing Properties for the Lightweight Pallet Based on Ansys Workbench[J].Packaging and Food Machinery,2012,30(2):67—69.
[9]巩桂芬,李毅,孔腾华.托盘货架载荷仿真及计算公式推导[J].物流科技,2018,41(1):65—67.GONG Gui-fen,LI Yi,KONG Teng-hua.Pallet Shelf Load Simulation and Derivation of Calculation Formula Fork Test and Finite Element Analysis for OSB Board Pallet[J].Logistics Sci-Tech,2018,41(1):65—67.
[10]许京荆.Ansys Workbench工程实例详解[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2015.XU Jing-ji.Detailed Explanation of Ansys Workbench Engineering Example[M].Beijing:Posts&Telecom Press,2015.
[11]GB/T 2934—2007,联运通用平托盘主要尺寸及公差[S].GB/T 2934—2007,General-purpose Flat Pallets for Through Transit of Goods:Principal Dimensions and Tolerances[S].
[12]GB/T 4996—2014,联运通用平托盘试验方法[S].GB/T 4996—2014,General-purpose Flat Pallets for Through Transit of Goods:Experimental Method[S].
[13]何为宏,卢立新.木质托盘铺板的受力分析与设计[J].包装工程,2008,29(2):70—72.HE Wei-hong,LU Li-xin.Stress Analysis and Design of Wooden Pallet Plank[J].Packaging Engineering,2008,29(2):70—72.
[14]邱鹏飞.大型机电产品包装箱力学性能仿真分析[D].南京:南京林业大学,2014.QIU Peng-fei.Simulation Analysis of Mechanical Properties of Large Boxes of Electromechanical Products[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Forestry University,2014.
[15]凌桂龙,沈再阳.Ansys结构单元与材料应用手册[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2013.LING Gui-long,SHEN Zai-yang.Ansys Structural Units and Materials Applications Handbook[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2013.
[16]杨茜.压力管道腐蚀缺陷的非线性有限元分析[D].西安:西安石油大学,2014.YANG Qian.Non-linear Finite Element Analysis for the Corrosion Defects of Pressure Pipelines[D].Xi'an:Xi'an Shiyou University,2014
[17]王泽鹏,胡仁喜,康士廷,等.Ansys Workbench 14.5有限元分析从入门到精通[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2014.WANG Ze-peng,HU Ren-xi,KANG Shi-ting,et al.Ansys Workbench 14.5 Finite Element Analysis from Entry to Master[M].Beijing:Mechanical Industry Press,2014.
[2]张祥,程玉龙,王巍.Ansys环境下座椅的结构设计与强度分析[J].山西建筑,2016,42(28):216—217.ZHANG Xiang,CHENG Yu-long,WANG Wei.Structural Design and Strength Analysis of Ansys Environment[J].Shanxi Architecture,2016,42(28):216—217.
[3]谭大松.大型机电产品包装箱力学性能研究与结构优化设计[D].南京:南京林业大学,2015.TAN Da-song.Mechanical Properties and Structural Optimization Design of the Packing Box of Electromechanical Products[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Forestry University,2015.
[4]吴清一,靳伟.中国托盘手册[M].北京:中国财富出版社,2014.WU Qing-yi,JIN Wei.China Pallet Handbook[M].Beijing:China Fortune Press,2014.
[5]RATNAM M M,LIM J H,ABDUL K H.Study of Three-dimensional Deformation of a Pallet Using Phase-shift Shadow Moire and Finite-element Analysis[J].Experimental Mechanics,2005,45(1):9—17.
[6]KARACAIL O.Explicit Analysis of Cyclic Fatigue Behavior of Poplar Wood Pallet by Computational Engineering-von Mises Yield,Goodmen and N-S Diagram Approach[J].Acta Physical Polonica,2017,131(3):457—459.
[7]曹菲.木托盘受力性能理论分析及有限元模拟[J].包装工程,2016,37(23):50—54.CAO Fei.Theoretical Analysis and Finite Element Simulation of Mechanical Property for Wooden Pallet[J].Packaging Engineering,2016,37(23):50—54.
[8]丁毅,苏杰,陈立民.基于Ansys Workbench的轻质托盘承载性能分析[J].包装与食品机械,2012,30(2):67—69.DING Yi,SU Jie,CHEN Li-min.Analysis of Load Bearing Properties for the Lightweight Pallet Based on Ansys Workbench[J].Packaging and Food Machinery,2012,30(2):67—69.
[9]巩桂芬,李毅,孔腾华.托盘货架载荷仿真及计算公式推导[J].物流科技,2018,41(1):65—67.GONG Gui-fen,LI Yi,KONG Teng-hua.Pallet Shelf Load Simulation and Derivation of Calculation Formula Fork Test and Finite Element Analysis for OSB Board Pallet[J].Logistics Sci-Tech,2018,41(1):65—67.
[10]许京荆.Ansys Workbench工程实例详解[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2015.XU Jing-ji.Detailed Explanation of Ansys Workbench Engineering Example[M].Beijing:Posts&Telecom Press,2015.
[11]GB/T 2934—2007,联运通用平托盘主要尺寸及公差[S].GB/T 2934—2007,General-purpose Flat Pallets for Through Transit of Goods:Principal Dimensions and Tolerances[S].
[12]GB/T 4996—2014,联运通用平托盘试验方法[S].GB/T 4996—2014,General-purpose Flat Pallets for Through Transit of Goods:Experimental Method[S].
[13]何为宏,卢立新.木质托盘铺板的受力分析与设计[J].包装工程,2008,29(2):70—72.HE Wei-hong,LU Li-xin.Stress Analysis and Design of Wooden Pallet Plank[J].Packaging Engineering,2008,29(2):70—72.
[14]邱鹏飞.大型机电产品包装箱力学性能仿真分析[D].南京:南京林业大学,2014.QIU Peng-fei.Simulation Analysis of Mechanical Properties of Large Boxes of Electromechanical Products[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Forestry University,2014.
[15]凌桂龙,沈再阳.Ansys结构单元与材料应用手册[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2013.LING Gui-long,SHEN Zai-yang.Ansys Structural Units and Materials Applications Handbook[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2013.
[16]杨茜.压力管道腐蚀缺陷的非线性有限元分析[D].西安:西安石油大学,2014.YANG Qian.Non-linear Finite Element Analysis for the Corrosion Defects of Pressure Pipelines[D].Xi'an:Xi'an Shiyou University,2014
[17]王泽鹏,胡仁喜,康士廷,等.Ansys Workbench 14.5有限元分析从入门到精通[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2014.WANG Ze-peng,HU Ren-xi,KANG Shi-ting,et al.Ansys Workbench 14.5 Finite Element Analysis from Entry to Master[M].Beijing:Mechanical Industry Press,2014.