固体生物质燃烧中氮氧化物产生机理综述
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摘要
在生物质燃料燃烧过程中燃料氮会转化为氮氧化物(NOx)释放,造成环境污染。为揭示NOx的转化机理,本文对相关文献的研究结果进行了汇总。文献表明:固体生物质中燃料氮的主要成分是蛋白质,构成蛋白质的不同氨基酸分布呈现较高的一致性;燃料氮在燃烧过程中首先进行热解,其产物分布在挥发分、焦油和焦炭中,挥发分氮、焦油氮进一步裂解生成NOx前驱物等气相氮物质,焦炭氮、气相氮燃烧生成NOx;NOx的生成与生物质种类、热力因素(温度、升温速率)、反应气氛、和其他条件(添加物)等因素有关。目前,研究只发现了一些实验规律,并未掌握燃料氮向NOx转化的详细机理,采用模型化合物结合计算化学的方法成为研究燃料氮转化机理的新趋势。
In the process of solid biomasses combustion, fuel nitrogen will transform into nitrogen oxides(NOx), resulting in environment pollution. To reveal the conversion mechanism of NOx, the authors summarize the relevant literatures. The previous studies show that, the main components of nitrogen contained in solid biomass fuel are protein, and the distribution of amino acids in the protein presents a high degree of consistency. The fuel nitrogen will pyrolyze at first during the solid biomass combustion, of which the productions would be distributed in the volatiles, tar and coke. Then, the volatiles and tar will further crack to form gaseous nitrogen materials such as NOxprecursor. Finally, the coke nitrogen and gaseous nitrogen burns to produce NOx. The formation of NOx is related to the biomass species, thermal factors(temperature, heating rate), reaction atmosphere and other conditions(additives). The current research only found some common experimental rules, and did not confirm the detail transformation mechanism of fuel nitrogen. It is a new trend to study the conversion of fuel nitrogen by using model compound pyrolysis coupled with computational chemistry.
In the process of solid biomasses combustion, fuel nitrogen will transform into nitrogen oxides(NOx), resulting in environment pollution. To reveal the conversion mechanism of NOx, the authors summarize the relevant literatures. The previous studies show that, the main components of nitrogen contained in solid biomass fuel are protein, and the distribution of amino acids in the protein presents a high degree of consistency. The fuel nitrogen will pyrolyze at first during the solid biomass combustion, of which the productions would be distributed in the volatiles, tar and coke. Then, the volatiles and tar will further crack to form gaseous nitrogen materials such as NOxprecursor. Finally, the coke nitrogen and gaseous nitrogen burns to produce NOx. The formation of NOx is related to the biomass species, thermal factors(temperature, heating rate), reaction atmosphere and other conditions(additives). The current research only found some common experimental rules, and did not confirm the detail transformation mechanism of fuel nitrogen. It is a new trend to study the conversion of fuel nitrogen by using model compound pyrolysis coupled with computational chemistry.
引文
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