10年氮添加未显著影响苦竹林土壤磷组分
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摘要
土壤磷(P)的可利用性是影响植物生长发育的重要因素。以研究氮(N)添加对土壤P组分的影响为切入点,探讨长期N沉降增加对竹林生态系统中土壤P素可利用性及P循环的影响,对预测该区域大气N沉降持续增加背景下人工竹林系统P素状态的变化具有重要意义。于2007年10月在苦竹(Pleioblastus amarus)林中建立模拟N沉降试验样地,设置对照(CK,0g·m~(-2)·a~(-1))、低N(LN,5g·m~(-2)·a~(-1))、中N(MN,15g·m~(-2)·a~(-1))和高N(HN,30g·m~(-2)·a~(-1))4个处理,每个处理设置3个重复。从2007年10月—2017年10月,每月下旬进行N添加处理。在连续N添加处理10a后,于2017年4月采集0~10cm土壤样品并测定土壤P组分、土壤微生物生物量P含量、土壤酸性磷酸酶活性及土壤pH。结果表明:该苦竹林土壤总P质量分数为0.64mg·g~(-1),其中残渣P约占77.0%,有机P占15.0%,无机P占8.0%。CK处理下,碳酸氢钠和氢氧化钠提取的无机P组分(NaHCO3-Pi和NaOH-Pi)质量分数分别为0.26mg·kg~(-1)和4.26mg·kg~(-1),N处理分别使其增加了100.0%~157.7%和43.2%~70.0%,但未达到统计学显著水平(P>0.05)。另外,N添加处理未显著影响土壤pH、土壤酸性磷酸酶活性和土壤微生物生物量P(P>0.05)。研究结果表明,长期N添加未显著影响苦竹林土壤酸性磷酸酶活性、土壤总P含量以及各个P组分的分配(P>0.05),这说明长期N添加未显著影响土壤P素可利用性。在未来一段时间内,该林分的P素循环可能不会受到大气N沉降增加的强烈影响。
The availability of soil phosphorus(P) is an important factor in plants growth and development. The effect of increased nitrogen(N) on soil P fractions, the effect of the long-term N deposition on soil P availability and P cycle was investigated in a bamboo forest ecosystem. It is of great significance to predict the change of soil P state in the artificial bamboo forest system in the case of continuous increase of atmospheric N deposition in the region. A simulated N deposition experiment was conducted in the bamboo forest of Pleioblastus amarus since October 2007. Four treatments were installed, i.e., control(0g·N·m~(-2)·a~(-1)), low nitrogen(5g·N·m~(-2)·a~(-1)), medium nitrogen(15g·N·m~(-2)·a~(-1)) and high nitrogen(30g·N·m~(-2)·a~(-1)). Each treatment with three replications were designed. The site was applied N at the end of each month from October 2007 to October 2017. After 10 years of continuous addition of N, soil samples collected from the 0-10 cm horizon in the P. amarus plantation were used to analyze the soil P fractions, soil microbial biomass P, soil acid phosphatase activity and the soil p H value in April 2017. The results showed that the content of total P was 0.64mg·g~(-1), of which the residual P was about 77%, and the organic P was 15.5%, the inorganic P was 8.0%. The content of Na HCO3-Pi and Na OH-Pi was respectively 0.26 mg·kg~(-1) and 4.26 mg·kg~(-1) with control treatment, and their content increased by 100.0%~157.7% and 43.2%~70.0% in N addition plots respectively, but they did not reach a statistically significant level(P>0.05). In addition, N addition did not significantly affect the soil p H value, soil acid phosphatase activity and soil microbial biomass P(P>0.05). Our results thus indicate that the effect of the long-term addition of N did not significantly affect the soil acid phosphatase activity, soil total P and the distribution of each P fractions in the P. amarus plantation(P>0.05). It thus indicates that the effect of the long-term addition of N on the soil P element availability was not significant. For some time to come, the P-element cycle of the forest stand may not be affected by the increase of atmospheric N deposition.
The availability of soil phosphorus(P) is an important factor in plants growth and development. The effect of increased nitrogen(N) on soil P fractions, the effect of the long-term N deposition on soil P availability and P cycle was investigated in a bamboo forest ecosystem. It is of great significance to predict the change of soil P state in the artificial bamboo forest system in the case of continuous increase of atmospheric N deposition in the region. A simulated N deposition experiment was conducted in the bamboo forest of Pleioblastus amarus since October 2007. Four treatments were installed, i.e., control(0g·N·m~(-2)·a~(-1)), low nitrogen(5g·N·m~(-2)·a~(-1)), medium nitrogen(15g·N·m~(-2)·a~(-1)) and high nitrogen(30g·N·m~(-2)·a~(-1)). Each treatment with three replications were designed. The site was applied N at the end of each month from October 2007 to October 2017. After 10 years of continuous addition of N, soil samples collected from the 0-10 cm horizon in the P. amarus plantation were used to analyze the soil P fractions, soil microbial biomass P, soil acid phosphatase activity and the soil p H value in April 2017. The results showed that the content of total P was 0.64mg·g~(-1), of which the residual P was about 77%, and the organic P was 15.5%, the inorganic P was 8.0%. The content of Na HCO3-Pi and Na OH-Pi was respectively 0.26 mg·kg~(-1) and 4.26 mg·kg~(-1) with control treatment, and their content increased by 100.0%~157.7% and 43.2%~70.0% in N addition plots respectively, but they did not reach a statistically significant level(P>0.05). In addition, N addition did not significantly affect the soil p H value, soil acid phosphatase activity and soil microbial biomass P(P>0.05). Our results thus indicate that the effect of the long-term addition of N did not significantly affect the soil acid phosphatase activity, soil total P and the distribution of each P fractions in the P. amarus plantation(P>0.05). It thus indicates that the effect of the long-term addition of N on the soil P element availability was not significant. For some time to come, the P-element cycle of the forest stand may not be affected by the increase of atmospheric N deposition.
引文
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WALBRIDGE M R,RICHARDSON C J,SWANK W T.1991.Vertical distribution of biological and geochemical phosphorus subcycles in two southern Appalachian forest soils[J].Biogeochemistry,13(1):61-85.
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XU Z F,TU L H,SCHADLER M.2013.Implications of greater than average increases in nitrogen deposition on the western edge of the Szechwan Basin,China[J].Environmental Pollution,177:201-202.
YANG K,ZHU J J,GU J C,et al.2015.Changes in soil phosphorus fractions after 9 years of continuous nitrogen addition in a Larix gmelinii plantation[J].Annals of Forest Science,72(4):435-442.
蔡秋燕,张锡洲,李廷轩,等.2014.不同磷源对磷高效利用野生大麦根际土壤磷组分的影响[J].应用生态学报,25(11):3207-3214.
陈美领,陈浩,毛庆功,等.2016.氮沉降对森林土壤磷循环的影响[J].生态学报,36(16):4965-4976.
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李博,赵斌,彭容豪,等.2005.陆地生态系统生态学原理[M].北京:高等教育出版社:183-186.
李琛琛,刘宁,郭晋平,等.2014.氮沉降对华北落叶松叶特性和林下土壤特性的短期影响[J].生态环境学报,23(12):1924-1932.
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李秋玲,肖辉林,曾晓舵,等.2013.模拟氮沉降对森林土壤化学性质的影响[J].生态环境学报,22(12):1872-1878.
刘红梅,李洁,陈新微,等.2016.贝加尔针茅草原羊草光合特征对氮沉降的响应[J].生态环境学报,25(6):973-980.
涂利华,胡庭兴,张健,等.2011.模拟氮沉降对华西雨屏区苦竹林土壤有机碳和养分的影响[J].植物生态学报,35(2):125-136.
王方超,邹丽群,唐静,等.2016.氮沉降对杉木和枫香土壤氮磷转化及碳矿化的影响[J].生态学报,36(11):3226-3234.
王荣萍,余炜敏,梁嘉伟,等.2016.改性生物炭对菜地土壤磷素形态转化的影响[J].生态环境学报,25(5):872-876.
王书航,张博,姜霞,等.2015.采用连续分级提取法研究沉积物中磷的化学形态[J].环境科学研究,28(9):1382-1388.
肖银龙,涂利华,胡庭兴,等.2013.模拟氮沉降对华西雨屏区苦竹林凋落物养分输入量的早期影响[J].生态学报,33(23):7355-7363.
徐光荣,张世熔,钟钦梅,等.2017.基于Tiessen方法的土壤磷分级浸提过程的改进研究[J].土壤通报,48(1):134-140.
许艳,张仁陟,张冰桥,等.2016.保护性耕作对黄土高原旱地土壤总磷及组分的影响[J].水土保持学报,30(4):254-260.
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CHEN G T,TU L H,PENG Y,et al.2017.Effect of nitrogen additions on root morphology and chemistry in a subtropical bamboo forest[J].Plant Soil,412(1-2):441-451.
CLARK R B,ZETO S K.2000.Mineral acquisition by arbuscul armycorrhizal plants[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition,23(7):867-902.
DAMON P M,BOWDEN B,ROSE T,et al.2014.Crop residue contributions to phosphorus pools in agricultural soils:Areview[J].Soil Biology Biochemistry,74(74):127-137.
DEISS L,MORAES BAD,MAIRE V.2017.Soil phosphorus dynamics on terrestrial natural ecosystems[J].Biogeosciences Discussions,1-30.
DOSSA E L,DIEDHIOU S,COMPTON J E,et al.2010.Spatial patterns of P fractions and chemical properties in soils of two native shrub communities in Senegal[J].Plant Soil,327(1-2):185-198.
GRAMER M D.2010.Phosphate as a limiting resource introduction[J].Plant Soil,334(1-2):1-10.
GRESS S E,NICHOLS T D,NORTHCRAFT C C,et al.2007.Nutrient limitation in soils exhibiting differing nitrogen availabilities:what lies beyond nitrogen saturation[J].Ecology,88(1):119-130.
HAGEDORN F,SPINNLER D,SIEGWOLF R.2003.Increased N deposition retards mineralization of old soil organic matter[J].Soil Biology Biochemistry,35(12):1683-1692.
HEDLEY M J,STEWART J W B,CHAUHAN B S.1982.Changes in inorganic and organic soil phosphorus fractions induced by cultivation practices and by laboratory incubations[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,46(5):970-976.
HOULTON B Z,WANG Y P,VITOUSEK P M,et al.2008.A unifying framework for dinitrogen fixation in the terrestrial biosphere[J].Nature,454(7202):327-334.
HUANG W J,ZHANG D Q,LI Y L,et al.2012.Responses of soil acid phosphomonoesterase activity to simulated nitrogen deposition in three forests of subtropical China[J].Pedosphere,22(5):698-706.
HUANG W J,ZHOU G Y,LIU J X,et al.2014.Shifts in soil phosphorus fractions under elevated CO2 and N addition in model forest ecosystems in subtropical China[J].Plant Ecology,215(11):1373-1384.
HUANG X L,CHEN Y,SHENKER M.2008.Chemical fractionation of phosphorus in stabilized biosolids[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,37(5):1949-1958.
LIU Y Y,DELL E,YAO H Y,et al.2011.Microbial and soil properties in bentgrass putting greens:Impacts of nitrogen fertilization rates[J].Geoderma,162(1):215-221.
MARKLEID A R,HOULTON B Z.2012.Nitrogen inputs accelerate phosphorus cycling rates across a wide variety of terrestrial ecosystems[J].New Phytologist,193(3):696-704.
PAOLI G D,CURRAN L M.2007.Soil nutrients limit fine litter production and tree growth in mature lowland forest of southwestern Borneo[J].Ecosystems,10(3):503-518.
SAIYA-CORK K R,SINSABAUGH R L,ZAK D R.2002.The effects of long term nitrogen deposition on extracellular enzyme activity in an Acer saccharum forest soil[J].Soil Biological Biochemistry,34(9):1309-1315.
SINSABAUGH R,GALLO M E,LAUBER C,et al.2005.Extracellular enzyme activities and soil organic matter dynamics for northern hardwood forests receiving simulated nitrogen deposition[J].Biogeochemistry,75:201-215.
TARAFDAR J C,CLAASSEN N.2005.Preferential utilization of organic and inorganic sources of phosphorus by wheat plant[J].Plant Soil,275(1-2):285-293.
TIESSEN H,STEWART JWB,COLECV.1984.Pathways of phosphate transformations in soils of different pedogenesis[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,48(4):853-858.
TRESEDER K K.2008.Nitrogen additions and microbial biomass:a meta-analysis of ecosystem studies[J].Ecology Letters,11(10):1111-1120.
TU L H,HU T X,ZHANG J,et al.2013.Nitrogen distribution and cycling through water flows in a subtropical bamboo forest under high level of atmospheric deposition[J].Plo S One,8(10):e75862.
TURNER B L,BLACKWELL M S A.2013.Isolating the influence of p H on the amounts and forms of soil organic phosphorus[J].European Journal of Soil Science,64(2):249-259.
VITOUSEK P M,PORDER S,HOULTON B Z,et al.2010.Terrestrial phosphorus limitation:mechanisms,implications,and nitrogen-phosphorus interactions[J].Ecological Applications,20(1):5-15.
WALBRIDGE M R,RICHARDSON C J,SWANK W T.1991.Vertical distribution of biological and geochemical phosphorus subcycles in two southern Appalachian forest soils[J].Biogeochemistry,13(1):61-85.
WEAND M P,ARTHUR M A,LOVETT G M.2010.The phosphorus status of northern hardwoods differs by species but is unaffected by nitrogen fertilization[J].Biogeochemistry,97(2-3):159-181.
XU Z F,TU L H,SCHADLER M.2013.Implications of greater than average increases in nitrogen deposition on the western edge of the Szechwan Basin,China[J].Environmental Pollution,177:201-202.
YANG K,ZHU J J,GU J C,et al.2015.Changes in soil phosphorus fractions after 9 years of continuous nitrogen addition in a Larix gmelinii plantation[J].Annals of Forest Science,72(4):435-442.
蔡秋燕,张锡洲,李廷轩,等.2014.不同磷源对磷高效利用野生大麦根际土壤磷组分的影响[J].应用生态学报,25(11):3207-3214.
陈美领,陈浩,毛庆功,等.2016.氮沉降对森林土壤磷循环的影响[J].生态学报,36(16):4965-4976.
关松荫.1986.土壤酶及其研究方法[M].北京:农业出版社.
郭亮,王庆贵,邢亚娟.2016.森林生态系统土壤碳库对氮沉降的响应研究进展[J].中国农学通报,32(32):81-87.
洪江涛,吴建波,王小丹.2013.全球气候变化对陆地植物碳氮磷生态化学计量学特征的影响[J].应用生态学报,24(9):2658-2665.
李博,赵斌,彭容豪,等.2005.陆地生态系统生态学原理[M].北京:高等教育出版社:183-186.
李琛琛,刘宁,郭晋平,等.2014.氮沉降对华北落叶松叶特性和林下土壤特性的短期影响[J].生态环境学报,23(12):1924-1932.
李金辉,卢鑫,周志宇,等.2014.不同种植年限紫穗槐根际非根际土壤磷组分含量特征[J].草业学报,23(6):61-68.
李秋玲,肖辉林,曾晓舵,等.2013.模拟氮沉降对森林土壤化学性质的影响[J].生态环境学报,22(12):1872-1878.
刘红梅,李洁,陈新微,等.2016.贝加尔针茅草原羊草光合特征对氮沉降的响应[J].生态环境学报,25(6):973-980.
涂利华,胡庭兴,张健,等.2011.模拟氮沉降对华西雨屏区苦竹林土壤有机碳和养分的影响[J].植物生态学报,35(2):125-136.
王方超,邹丽群,唐静,等.2016.氮沉降对杉木和枫香土壤氮磷转化及碳矿化的影响[J].生态学报,36(11):3226-3234.
王荣萍,余炜敏,梁嘉伟,等.2016.改性生物炭对菜地土壤磷素形态转化的影响[J].生态环境学报,25(5):872-876.
王书航,张博,姜霞,等.2015.采用连续分级提取法研究沉积物中磷的化学形态[J].环境科学研究,28(9):1382-1388.
肖银龙,涂利华,胡庭兴,等.2013.模拟氮沉降对华西雨屏区苦竹林凋落物养分输入量的早期影响[J].生态学报,33(23):7355-7363.
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