养殖场典型功能区恶臭气体处理工艺选择与工程实例
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摘要
以北京市某规模化养殖场为研究对象,针对不同功能区恶臭气体产生的特点和排放特性,分别进行了不同的控制技术的选择研究,并针对养殖场典型功能区储粪间和运动场产生的恶臭气体,分别采用组合式生物技术和复合菌剂雾化喷淋技术对其进行处理,研究了这两处典型功能区恶臭气体处理工程的设计与运行效果。结果表明:两种除臭工程均取得了较好的稳定运行效果,其中组合式生物除臭工程对养殖场储粪间产生的氨的去除率为89.2%～94.1%,出气中氨浓度为0.14～3.17 mg/m~3,达到《恶臭污染物排放标准》(GB 14554—93)(排气筒高度为15 m)的要求;复合菌剂雾化喷淋除臭工程对养殖场运动场散发的氨的去除率为67.1%～83.16%,喷淋后氨浓度为0.15～0.81 mg/m~3,达到《恶臭污染物排放标准》(GB 14554—93)中一级排放标准的要求。该组合式生物技术和复合菌剂雾化喷淋技术具有工艺流程短、运行成本低、自动化程度高、恶臭物质处理效果好等优点,能有效控制规模化养殖场恶臭气体的污染和排放。
Taking a large-scale farm in Beijing as an example,the farm selects different control technologies according to the characteristics of odorous gas generation and emission in different functional areas.In view of the odorous gases produced in the dung storage room and the sports field of typical functional areas,the engineering project uses the combined biotechnology and the combined microbial agent atomization spraying technology to treat the odorous gases respectively.This paper introduces the design,construction and operation of two odorous gas treatment projects in different functional areas.The results show that the project carries stably.The removal rate of ammonia by combined biological treatment equipment is 89.2%～94.1%,and the concentration of ammonia in the effluent is 0.14～3.17 mg/m~3,which meets the Standards for the Discharge of Odor Pollutants(GB 14554—93)(the height of exhaust cylinder is 15 m);the ammonia removal rate of the composite aerosol spray equipment is 67.1%～83.16%,and the ammonia concentration after spraying is 0.15～0.81 mg/m~3,which meets the first level criteria specified in Standards for the Discharge of Odor Pollutants(GB 14554—93).Combined biological treatment technology and atomization spray technology of the compound microbial inoculums have the advantages of short process flow,low operating cost and high degree of automation,and can effectively control the pollution of odorous gas in large-scale farms.
Taking a large-scale farm in Beijing as an example,the farm selects different control technologies according to the characteristics of odorous gas generation and emission in different functional areas.In view of the odorous gases produced in the dung storage room and the sports field of typical functional areas,the engineering project uses the combined biotechnology and the combined microbial agent atomization spraying technology to treat the odorous gases respectively.This paper introduces the design,construction and operation of two odorous gas treatment projects in different functional areas.The results show that the project carries stably.The removal rate of ammonia by combined biological treatment equipment is 89.2%～94.1%,and the concentration of ammonia in the effluent is 0.14～3.17 mg/m~3,which meets the Standards for the Discharge of Odor Pollutants(GB 14554—93)(the height of exhaust cylinder is 15 m);the ammonia removal rate of the composite aerosol spray equipment is 67.1%～83.16%,and the ammonia concentration after spraying is 0.15～0.81 mg/m~3,which meets the first level criteria specified in Standards for the Discharge of Odor Pollutants(GB 14554—93).Combined biological treatment technology and atomization spray technology of the compound microbial inoculums have the advantages of short process flow,low operating cost and high degree of automation,and can effectively control the pollution of odorous gas in large-scale farms.
引文
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[2] 周斌.猪场空气污染控制技术研究与应用[D].杭州:浙江大学,2016.
[3] 冯珂.生物法降解养殖场臭气中的氨气[D].太原:太原理工大学,2012.
[4] 刘波,王文林,刘筱,等.畜禽养殖恶臭物质组成与测定及评估方法研究进展[J].生态与农村环境学报,2017,33(10):872-881.
[5] Hanajima D,Haruta S,Hori T,et al.Bacterial community dynamics during reduction of odorous compounds in aerated pig manure slurry[J].Journal of Applied Microbiology,2009,106(1):118-129.
[6] Borowski S,Matusiak K,Powa?owski S,et al.A novel microbial-mineral preparation for the removal of offensive odors from poultry manure[J].International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation,2017,119:299-308.
[7] Matusiak K,Oleksy M,Borowski S,et al.The use of Yucca schidigera and microbial preparation for poultry manure deodorization and hygienization[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2016,170:50-59.
[8] 李利蓉,李晔,桑稳姣,等.城镇污水处理厂提标改扩建工程设计[J].安全与环境工程,2013,20(2):72-76.
[9] 常功法,刘莉娜,靳芳,等.污水厂除臭工程废气收集方法[J].环境工程,2009,27(增刊):194-195.
[10]冯辉,王舜和.天津市张贵庄污水处理厂除臭系统设计[J].中国给水排水,2017,33(14):51-54.
[11]刘绪为,尤颖,王利剑,等.正定新区全地下污水处理厂生物除臭设计计算[J].中国给水排水,2015,31(4):69-71.
[12]刘建伟,马文林.生物滤池去除城市污水处理厂微生物气溶胶的影响因素研究[J].安全与环境工程,2013,20(5):62-66.