基于摄影测量技术的植物叶面积精确测量方法研究
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摘要
为提高叶片面积测量精度,选择的参照物面积应与被测叶片面积相近。研究设计多个由圆形标志点作为顶点的参照矩形,其中构成矩形顶点的4个标志点中3个为非编码标志点,1个为编码标志点,通过对编码标志点进行解码,自动获取非编码标志点位置和参照矩形面积,利用标志点的已知参数对图像进行几何校正。测量步骤分别为参照矩形选择、图像采集、图像预处理、标志点提取、几何校正、叶面积计算。对5种已知面积的规则图形和不规则图形进行5次测量试验,规则图形的最大平均误差为0.193%,不规则图形的最大平均误差为0.53%。结果表明,对于较大或者较小面积的叶片,本方法都具有较高的测量精度;并且具有较好的通用性,适用于室内、室外无损测量,为叶面积的测量提供了切实可行的新途径。
In order to improve the precision of leaf blade area measurement,the area of the selected reference object should be similar to the area of the tested leaf blade.In this paper,a rectangle was taken as the reference shape,whose vertex was made up of circular marker points.Three of the four marker points were nonencoded,and one was encoded.The position of the non-encoding marker points and the area of the reference rectangle were automatically obtained by decoding the encoded marker points.The known parameters of the marker point could be used to perform geometric correction.The measurement steps were divided into reference rectangle selection,image acquisition,image preprocessing,marker point extraction,geometric correction and leaf area calculation.For both regular and irregular patterns,five measurements were performed on five known areas,respectively.For regular pattern,the maximum of average error was 0.193%,and for irregular pattern,it was 0.53%.The results showed that the method had high measuring accuracy for both large and small leaf blade area,and had good universality for indoor and outdoor non-destructive measurement.The method provided a new way for the measurement of leaf area.
In order to improve the precision of leaf blade area measurement,the area of the selected reference object should be similar to the area of the tested leaf blade.In this paper,a rectangle was taken as the reference shape,whose vertex was made up of circular marker points.Three of the four marker points were nonencoded,and one was encoded.The position of the non-encoding marker points and the area of the reference rectangle were automatically obtained by decoding the encoded marker points.The known parameters of the marker point could be used to perform geometric correction.The measurement steps were divided into reference rectangle selection,image acquisition,image preprocessing,marker point extraction,geometric correction and leaf area calculation.For both regular and irregular patterns,five measurements were performed on five known areas,respectively.For regular pattern,the maximum of average error was 0.193%,and for irregular pattern,it was 0.53%.The results showed that the method had high measuring accuracy for both large and small leaf blade area,and had good universality for indoor and outdoor non-destructive measurement.The method provided a new way for the measurement of leaf area.
引文
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[12]高君亮,罗凤敏,赵英铭,等.乌兰布和沙漠绿洲3种杨树比叶面积和叶干物质含量研究[J].西北林学院学报,2016,31(1):15-20.GAO J L,LUO F M,ZHAO Y M,et al.Specific leaf area and leaf dry matter content of three kinds of Poplarin Ulan Buh desert oasis[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2016,31(1):15-20.(in Chinese)
[13]孟莹,范文义,于颖.大兴安岭地区森林叶片反射率的反演[J].森林工程,2017,33(3):7-11.MENG Y,FAN W Y,YU Y.Inversion of forest foliage reflectance in Daxinganling region[J].Forest Engineering,2017,33(3):7-11.(in Chinese)
[14]FORBES K,VOIGT A,BODIKA N.An inexpensive,automatic and accurate camera calibration method[C].Proceedings of the Thirteenth Annual Symposium of the Pattern Recognition Association of South Africa(PRASA2002),November,2002.
[15]游江,唐力伟,邓士杰.基于改进圆形靶的圆心自动提取与排序[J].计算机工程与应用,2017,38(19):246-251.
[16]魏坤,姜寿山,雷志勇,等.摄影测量中相机倾斜引起的射影失真研究[J].光电工程,2006,33(5):31-35.
[2]李乐,钟迪,贾宝军,等.蒙古栎叶面积的数字图像法测定[J].西北林学院学报,2016,31(6):96-103.LI L,ZHONG D,JIA B J,et al.Measurement of the leaf area of quercus mongolica by using digital image[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2016,31(6):96-103.(in Chinese)
[3]吴雪琼,杨文斌,李卫,等.基于ArcMap的赤峰杨叶面积信息提取方法[J].东北林业大学学报,2013,41(8):57-60.WU X Q,YANG W B,LI W,et al.The method of extracting leaf area information with arc map software[J].Journal of Northeast Forestry University,2013,41(8):57-60.(in Chinese)
[4]宋英博,郭伟,张洪权,等.图像处理技术在玉米叶面积测量中的实际应用[J].农学学报,2015,5(8):111-114.SONG Y B,GUO W,ZHANG H Q,et al.Practical application of image processing techniques for measuring leaf area of maize[J].Journal of Agriculture,2015,5(8):111-114.(in Chinese)
[5]卜海东,顾蔚,齐永平,等.基于图像处理华中五味子叶面积的回归测算[J].植物生理学报,2008,44(3):543-547.BU H D,GU W,QI Y P,et al.Regressive estimation of leaf area of Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et Wils.based on image processing[J].Plant Physiology Communications,2008,44(3):543-547.(in Chinese)
[6]陈鼎才,王定成,查金水.基于机器视觉的现实叶片面积测量方法的研究[J].计算应用,2006,26(5):1226-1228.CHEN D C,WANG D C,ZHA J S.Research on measurement of realistic planting leaf area based on machine vision[J].Computer Applications,2006,26(5):1226-1228.(in Chinese)
[7]李明,张长利,房俊龙.基于图像处理技术的小麦叶面积指数的提取[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(1):205-209.LI M,ZHANG C L,FANG J L.Extraction of leaf area index of wheat based on image processing technique[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2010,26(1):205-209.(in Chinese)
[8]龚爱平,吴武豪,裘正军,等.基于Android系统手机的叶面积测量方法[J].农业机械学报,2013,44(9):203-208.GONG A P,WU W H,QIU Z J,et al.Leaf area measurement using Android OS mobile phone[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2013,44(9):203-208.(in Chinese)
[9]韩殿元,黄心渊,付慧.基于彩色通道相似性图像分割方法的植物叶面积计算[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(6):179-183.HAN D Y,HUANG X Y,FU H.Measurement of plant leaf area based on image segmentation of color channel similarity[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2012,28(6):179-183.(in Chinese)
[10]陈涛涛,迟道才,梁茜.基于矩形框几何校正的多叶面积测量方法[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(8):206-213.CHEN T T,CHI D C,LIANG Q.Multi-leaf area measurement method based on geometric correction with rectangular box[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2012,28(8):206-213.(in Chinese)
[11]高大帅,林剑辉,余江斌,等.基于智能手机方位传感器的叶面积测量校正[J].中国农业大学学报,2017,22(6):128-134.GAO D S,LIN J H,YU J B,et al.Leaf area measurement correction based on smartphone orientation sensor[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2017,22(6):128-134.(in Chinese)
[12]高君亮,罗凤敏,赵英铭,等.乌兰布和沙漠绿洲3种杨树比叶面积和叶干物质含量研究[J].西北林学院学报,2016,31(1):15-20.GAO J L,LUO F M,ZHAO Y M,et al.Specific leaf area and leaf dry matter content of three kinds of Poplarin Ulan Buh desert oasis[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2016,31(1):15-20.(in Chinese)
[13]孟莹,范文义,于颖.大兴安岭地区森林叶片反射率的反演[J].森林工程,2017,33(3):7-11.MENG Y,FAN W Y,YU Y.Inversion of forest foliage reflectance in Daxinganling region[J].Forest Engineering,2017,33(3):7-11.(in Chinese)
[14]FORBES K,VOIGT A,BODIKA N.An inexpensive,automatic and accurate camera calibration method[C].Proceedings of the Thirteenth Annual Symposium of the Pattern Recognition Association of South Africa(PRASA2002),November,2002.
[15]游江,唐力伟,邓士杰.基于改进圆形靶的圆心自动提取与排序[J].计算机工程与应用,2017,38(19):246-251.
[16]魏坤,姜寿山,雷志勇,等.摄影测量中相机倾斜引起的射影失真研究[J].光电工程,2006,33(5):31-35.