伶仃洋水沙变化及对铜鼓航道回淤的影响研究
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摘要
铜鼓一期航道回淤量远大于预期,综合伶仃洋岸线变化遥感调查、铜鼓航道实测水文资料分析、数值模拟等多种研究方法,研究铜鼓航道回淤增强成因。结果表明:(1)伶仃洋西滩北侧大面积围垦,使得伶仃洋东西岸潮位横比降增大,径流对伶仃洋中滩、东滩的影响增强;(2)伶仃航道二期及拓宽工程导致伶仃航道潮汐上溯动力增强,对下泄径流有一定的顶托作用,使得东槽净泄量占比增大,在涨潮初期,铜鼓航道涨潮流、暗士敦水道涨潮流与深圳湾下泄流在铜鼓航道北段共同形顺时针环流,使得铜鼓航道北段成为淤积最为严重的区域;(3)收缩型河口湾使得波浪辐聚增强,此前的研究对波流共同作用下局地泥沙悬扬起动后在航道内落淤未充分考虑;(4)频繁的采砂活动导致局部泥沙浓度骤升,伶仃洋内重大工程对铜鼓航道回淤亦有不利影响。
The amount of silt in the first stage of the Tonggu channel is much larger than expected. Synthesized multiple research methods including RS survey of the coastline change of the Lingding Estuary, the hydrological data analysis and numerical simulation of the Tonggu channel, the causes of the aggravation of the Tonggu Channel was studied. The results show that:(1)large area reclamation in the northwest area of Lingding west shoal amplified the transected water level difference between the east and west territorial waters,which enhanced the impact of fluvial runoff on the middle and the east shoals;(2)the second stage of the navigation channel project led to the flood tide of the channel enhanced, which enlarged the proportion of drainage of fluvial runoff by east channel. Flood current from Tonggu Channel and Ansidun Water Channel and ebb current compose an clockwise circulation during the beginning of the flood,which made the northern section of the Tonggu Channel become the most severely deposited area;(3)the contracted estuary made the wave convergence enhanced,previous studies have not fully considered the siltation in the channel after the start of the local sediment suspension under the combined action of the wave current;(4)continuous sand mining activities increased the concentration of local suspended sediment, and major projects in Lingding Estuary had adverse effects on the back silt of the Tonggu Channel.
The amount of silt in the first stage of the Tonggu channel is much larger than expected. Synthesized multiple research methods including RS survey of the coastline change of the Lingding Estuary, the hydrological data analysis and numerical simulation of the Tonggu channel, the causes of the aggravation of the Tonggu Channel was studied. The results show that:(1)large area reclamation in the northwest area of Lingding west shoal amplified the transected water level difference between the east and west territorial waters,which enhanced the impact of fluvial runoff on the middle and the east shoals;(2)the second stage of the navigation channel project led to the flood tide of the channel enhanced, which enlarged the proportion of drainage of fluvial runoff by east channel. Flood current from Tonggu Channel and Ansidun Water Channel and ebb current compose an clockwise circulation during the beginning of the flood,which made the northern section of the Tonggu Channel become the most severely deposited area;(3)the contracted estuary made the wave convergence enhanced,previous studies have not fully considered the siltation in the channel after the start of the local sediment suspension under the combined action of the wave current;(4)continuous sand mining activities increased the concentration of local suspended sediment, and major projects in Lingding Estuary had adverse effects on the back silt of the Tonggu Channel.
引文
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[3]林健,杨树森.伶仃洋铜鼓海区海床演变分析及铜鼓航道淤积量计算[J].水运工程,1996(9):31-37.
[4]康苏海.铜鼓航道泥沙淤积研究[J].水道港口,1997(2):38-42.
[5]贾雨少,何杰,辛文杰.铜鼓航道冲淤变化分析[J].水运工程,2011(3):142-147.
[6]应秩甫.伶仃洋横向动力平衡[C]//珠江口海岸带和海涂资源综合调查研究文集.广州:广东科技出版社,1986:239-253.
[7]刘俊勇.伶仃洋河口近年潮位变化分析及原因探讨[J].人民珠江,2012,33(6):6-18.
[8]徐君亮.珠江口伶仃洋滩槽发育演变[M].北京:海洋出版社,1985:80-81.
[9]徐群.港珠澳大桥对伶仃航道和铜鼓航道回淤影响研究[J].水道港口,2012,33(5):393-399.