基于AOD数据的秸秆焚烧监测
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摘要
秸秆焚烧会增加可吸入颗粒物(particulate matter with particle size less than or equal to 10 microns,PM10)的浓度。首先,分别从秸秆焚烧火点、10 m风场、气溶胶光学厚度(aerosol optical depth,AOD)3个方面对发生在安徽及周边省市的2009年6月1—9日PM10污染事件进行机理分析;其次,利用拉格朗日混合单粒子轨迹(hybrid single particle lagrangian integrated trajectory,HYSPLIT)模式对2009年6月5日阜阳市出现的PM10污染事件进行后向轨迹分析;最后,对火点密度与AOD值进行相关分析。结果表明:秸秆焚烧火点、10 m风场及AOD之间存在一致性,这表明使用AOD数据对秸秆焚烧进行监测是可行的;2009年6月5日阜阳市出现的PM10污染事件中有外来污染物的输入,污染物来自阜阳西部、河南中部、东南部和湖北北部、东部,因此很有必要加强区域秸秆焚烧的联防联控;火点密度与AOD值之间有正相关性,这表明秸秆焚烧可显著提高区域的AOD值。
The biomass burning increases the concentration of PM10. In this paper,the authors first took biomass burning hot spots,10 meters wind field and AOD into consideration to analyze the meteorological mechanism of the case of the PM10 pollution during June 1—9,2009 in Anhui and its neighboring provinces. Moreover,by tracking the air mass of the case of the PM10 pollution in Fuyang on June 5,2009 by the simulation of the HYSPLIT model,the authors analyzed the backward trajectory of the case. Finally,the correlation coefficients between hot spots and AOD were calculated. The results clearly show that there was a significant consistence between the biomass burning hot spots,10 meters wind field and AOD,suggesting that it is feasible to monitor the biomass burning by using AOD data,and that the transported pollutants related to the case of the PM10 pollution in Fuyang on June 5,2009 mainly came from western Fuyang,middle and southeast Henan Province and northern as well as eastern Hubei Province.Therefore,it is very necessary to strengthen regional united precautions and controls of biomass burning. In addition,there was a positive correlation between hot spots and AOD,implying that biomass burning increases significantly the value of regional AOD.
The biomass burning increases the concentration of PM10. In this paper,the authors first took biomass burning hot spots,10 meters wind field and AOD into consideration to analyze the meteorological mechanism of the case of the PM10 pollution during June 1—9,2009 in Anhui and its neighboring provinces. Moreover,by tracking the air mass of the case of the PM10 pollution in Fuyang on June 5,2009 by the simulation of the HYSPLIT model,the authors analyzed the backward trajectory of the case. Finally,the correlation coefficients between hot spots and AOD were calculated. The results clearly show that there was a significant consistence between the biomass burning hot spots,10 meters wind field and AOD,suggesting that it is feasible to monitor the biomass burning by using AOD data,and that the transported pollutants related to the case of the PM10 pollution in Fuyang on June 5,2009 mainly came from western Fuyang,middle and southeast Henan Province and northern as well as eastern Hubei Province.Therefore,it is very necessary to strengthen regional united precautions and controls of biomass burning. In addition,there was a positive correlation between hot spots and AOD,implying that biomass burning increases significantly the value of regional AOD.
引文
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[19]张红,邱明燕,黄勇.一次由秸秆焚烧引起的霾天气分析[J].气象,2008,34(11):98-99.Zhang H,Qiu M Y,Huang Y.Analysis on the case of smoke haze[J].Meteorological Monthly,2008,34(11):98-99.
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[22]谈哲敏,方娟,伍荣生.Ekman边界层动力学的理论研究[J].气象学报,2005,63(5):544-545.Tan Z M,Fang J,Wu R S.Ekman boundary layer dynamic theories[J].Acta Meteorologica Sinica,2005,63(5):544-545.
[2]曹国良,张小曳,郑方成,等.中国大陆秸秆露天焚烧的量的估算[J].资源科学,2006,28(1):9-13.Cao G L,Zhang X Y,Zheng F C,et al.Estimating the quantity of crop residues burnt in open field in China[J].Resources Science,2006,28(1):9-13.
[3]方萌,张鹏,徐喆.“3S”技术在农作物秸秆焚烧监测中的应用[J].国土资源遥感,2006,18(3):1-4.doi:10.6046/gtzyyg.2006.03.01.Fang M,Zhang P,Xu Z.The application of the 3S technique to the management of crop residue burning[J].Remote Sensing for Land and Resources,2006,18(3):1-4.doi:10.6046/gtzyyg.2006.03.01.
[4]徐祝龄.气象学[M].北京:气象出版社,1994.Xu Z L.Meteorology[M].Beijing:China Meteorological Press,1994.
[5]于兴娜,李新妹,登增然登,等.北京雾霾天气期间气溶胶光学特性[J].环境科学,2012,33(4):1058-1059.Yu X N,Li X M,Deng Z R D,et al.Optical properties of aerosol during haze-fog episodes in Beijing[J].Environmental Science,2012,33(4):1058-1059.
[6]Chu D A,Kaufman Y J,Zibordi G,et al.Global monitoring of air pollution over land from the earth observing system-terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS)[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres(1984-2012),2003,108(D21):4661.doi:10.129P2002JD 003179.
[7]李成才,毛节泰,刘启汉.利用MODIS资料遥感香港地区高分辨率气溶胶光学厚度[J].大气科学,2005,29(3):337-341.Li C C,Mao J T,Liu Q H.Remote sensing of high spatial resolution aerosol optical depth with MODIS data over Hong Kong[J].Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences,2005,29(3):337-341.
[8]何秀,邓兆泽,李成才,等.MODIS气溶胶光学厚度产品在地面PM10监测方面的应用研究[J].北京大学学报:自然科学版,2010,46(2):180-183.He X,Deng Z Z,Li C C,et al.Application of MODIS AOD in surface PM10evaluation[J].Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis,2010,46(2):180-183.
[9]Miettinen J,Liew S C.Connection between fire and land cover change in Southeast Asia:A remote sensing case study in Riau,Sumatra[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,2005,26(6):1109-1126.
[10]Brankov E,Trivikrama R S,Porter P S.A trajectory-clusteringcorrelation methodology for examining the long-range transport of air pollutants[J].Atmospheric Environment,1998,32(9):1525-1534.
[11]苏继峰,周韬,朱彬,等.2009年6月皖南梅雨暴雨诊断分析和水汽后向轨迹模拟[J].气象与环境学报,2010,26(3):35-37.Su J F,Zhou T,Zhu B,et al.Diagnostic analysis on Meiyu rainstorm and its simulation based on backward trajectory analysis method during June 2009 in the south of Anhui Province[J].Journal of Meteorology and Environment,2010,26(3):35-37.
[12]苏继峰.秸秆焚烧对南京及周边地区空气质量的影响[D].南京:南京信息工程大学,2011.Su J F.Crop Residue Burning Influence on the Air Quality over Nanjing and Surrounding Regions[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,2011.
[13]苏继峰,朱彬,周韬,等.秸秆焚烧导致南京及周边地区2次空气污染事件的成因比较[J].生态与农村环境学报,2012,28(1):39-41.Su J F,Zhu B,Zhou T,et al.Contrast analysis of two serious air pollution events affecting Nanjing and its surrounding regions resulting from burning of crop residues[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2012,28(1):39-41.
[14]Hee-Jin I,Kim Y P.Estimation of the aerosol optical thickness distribution in the Northeast Asian forest fire episode in May 2003:Possible missing emissions[J].Atmospheric Research,2010,98(2/4):261-273.
[15]Begum B A,Kim E,Jeong C,et al.Evaluation of the potential source contribution function using the 2002 Quebec forest fire episode[J].Atmospheric Environment,2005,39(20):3719-3724.
[16]魏文华,王体健,石春娥,等.合肥市雾日气象条件分析[J].气象科学,2012,32(4):437-442.Wei W H,Wang T J,Shi C E,et al.Analysis of weather conditions for fog in Hefei[J].Journal of the Meteorological Sciences,2012,32(4):437-442.
[17]黄侃.亚洲沙尘长途传输中的组分转化机理及中国典型城市的灰霾形成机制[D].上海:复旦大学,2010.Huang K.The Transformation of Aerosol Components during the Long-Range Transport of Asian Dust and the Formation Mechanism of Haze in Mega-City,China[D].Shanghai:Fudan University,2010.
[18]张瑜,汤燕冰.江淮流域持续性暴雨过程水汽输送状况初析[J].浙江大学学报:理学版,2009,36(4):471-474.Zhang Y,Tang Y B.Primary analysis on vapor transport of persistent heavy rainfall events over the Yangtze and Huaihe River valley[J].Journal of Zhejiang University:Science Edition,2009,36(4):471-474.
[19]张红,邱明燕,黄勇.一次由秸秆焚烧引起的霾天气分析[J].气象,2008,34(11):98-99.Zhang H,Qiu M Y,Huang Y.Analysis on the case of smoke haze[J].Meteorological Monthly,2008,34(11):98-99.
[20]Draxler R R,Hess G D.Description of the HYSPLIT4 Modeling System[R].NOAA Technical Memorandum,ERL ARL-224,1997.
[21]Li H Y,Han Z W,Cheng T T,et al.Agricultural fire impacts on the air quality of Shanghai during summer harvesttime[J].Aerosol and Air Quality Research,2010,10(2):95-101.
[22]谈哲敏,方娟,伍荣生.Ekman边界层动力学的理论研究[J].气象学报,2005,63(5):544-545.Tan Z M,Fang J,Wu R S.Ekman boundary layer dynamic theories[J].Acta Meteorologica Sinica,2005,63(5):544-545.