高压天然气管道物理爆炸空气冲击波毁伤研究
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摘要
为了研究天然气管道物理爆炸空气冲击波对动物的毁伤效应,开展了X90钢级OD 1 219 mm-12 MPa规格天然气管道爆破活体试验。通过分析冲击波数据得到了冲击波压力时程曲线及超压峰值分布,对峰值超压进行了数据拟合,得到了拟合公式,并与已有研究进行了对比分析,拟合公式可为预测管道冲击波超压提供参考;通过对活体样本解剖和医学检测得到了动物内脏器官对空气冲击波的敏感程度,获得了不同峰值超压空气冲击波对动物内脏的毁伤效应。同时,根据试验中活体的伤害程度及对应的超压,与冲击波超压对人体的伤害阈值进行了比较,并给出了该试验条件下,试验活体和人体对物理爆炸空气冲击波超压的安全距离分别为40 m和15 m。
This paper takes it as the target to trace and determine the physical explosion damage effect of the buried high-pressure natural gas pipeline when it gets ruptured.For the research purpose,we can bury a pipeline in an outer-diameter of 1 219 mm and the inner pressure of 12 MPa beneath the ground surface at a depth of 1.5 m from its up-end.The test pipeline taken for the given test should be made of X90 steel with its wall thickness of16.3 mm,and the total length of 430 m with its total volume of about 475 m3.For the testing purpose,it would be possible to cut a penetrating crack of 500 mm directly in the middle by using an energy accumulator cutter,with its blasting device armed with the high-energy strip explosive.Through the crack expansion,there would be formed a gap with the high-pressure natural gas in the pipe to form a physical explosion,and in turn,with a stroke of the air shock wave pushed out in the free field near the ground.And,then,it would be possible to deduce the pressure-time curve of the 7 measuring points through a range of experiments from 5 m to 40 m perpendicular to the pipeline axis.The overpressure attenuation of the pipeline explosion air shock wave can be calculated and worked out fitted for the formula gained.By analyzing the damage degree of the various internal organs of 8 groups of the living creatures who have been subjected to the overpressure of the physical explosion shock wave in the pipeline and located in correspondence with the pressure measuring points in a range of 5 – 40 m,the sensitivity degree of the internal organs of the different species of animals can be compared with the overpressure of the air shock waves.The results of our experiments demonstrate that the hearts and lungs turn to be the most vulnerable body parts of the living creatures,which are followed by their livers and spleens,but,in contrast,kidneys prove to be the most bearable and tolerable part to withstand the overpressure.Nevertheless,on the whole,the damage threshold of the shock wave overpressure at the different distances,40 m can be said to be free from the casualty for the bodies of live creatures under the condition of the physical explosion tests.Thus,it can be found that,comparing the damage threshold of the shock wave overpressure on the human body,the safety and security distance for living creatures should be set up at least 15 m away from the accident scene under the testing conditions.
This paper takes it as the target to trace and determine the physical explosion damage effect of the buried high-pressure natural gas pipeline when it gets ruptured.For the research purpose,we can bury a pipeline in an outer-diameter of 1 219 mm and the inner pressure of 12 MPa beneath the ground surface at a depth of 1.5 m from its up-end.The test pipeline taken for the given test should be made of X90 steel with its wall thickness of16.3 mm,and the total length of 430 m with its total volume of about 475 m3.For the testing purpose,it would be possible to cut a penetrating crack of 500 mm directly in the middle by using an energy accumulator cutter,with its blasting device armed with the high-energy strip explosive.Through the crack expansion,there would be formed a gap with the high-pressure natural gas in the pipe to form a physical explosion,and in turn,with a stroke of the air shock wave pushed out in the free field near the ground.And,then,it would be possible to deduce the pressure-time curve of the 7 measuring points through a range of experiments from 5 m to 40 m perpendicular to the pipeline axis.The overpressure attenuation of the pipeline explosion air shock wave can be calculated and worked out fitted for the formula gained.By analyzing the damage degree of the various internal organs of 8 groups of the living creatures who have been subjected to the overpressure of the physical explosion shock wave in the pipeline and located in correspondence with the pressure measuring points in a range of 5 – 40 m,the sensitivity degree of the internal organs of the different species of animals can be compared with the overpressure of the air shock waves.The results of our experiments demonstrate that the hearts and lungs turn to be the most vulnerable body parts of the living creatures,which are followed by their livers and spleens,but,in contrast,kidneys prove to be the most bearable and tolerable part to withstand the overpressure.Nevertheless,on the whole,the damage threshold of the shock wave overpressure at the different distances,40 m can be said to be free from the casualty for the bodies of live creatures under the condition of the physical explosion tests.Thus,it can be found that,comparing the damage threshold of the shock wave overpressure on the human body,the safety and security distance for living creatures should be set up at least 15 m away from the accident scene under the testing conditions.
引文
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[6]GAO Chunfang(高春芳),REN Huiqi(任辉启),FAN Naijun(范乃军),et al.Evaluation of animal injury by shock wave[C]//The16th National Shock Wave and Shock Tube Academic Conference Collection(第十六届全国激波与激波管学术会议论文集).Luoyang:Committee of Shock Wave and Shock Tube,Chinese Mechanics Society,2014:722-726.
[7]YANG Ming(杨明).Exploring the explosion risks due to the sharelayout long-distance high-pressure pipelines in the same ditchchannel[J].Journal of Safety and Environment(安全与环境学报),2018,18(4):1334-1338.
[8]DU Hongmian(杜红棉),ZU Jing(祖静),MA Tiehua(马铁华),et al.Effect of mount configuration of free-field transducers on shock wave measurement[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock(振动与冲击),2011,30(11):85-89.
[9]WANG Haibin(王海宾).Study on damage of animals caused by methane explosion shock wave(甲烷爆炸冲击波对动物损伤研究)[D].Taiyuan:North University of China,2015.
[10]JIA Yunfei(贾云飞),ZHANG Chunqi(张春棋),KANG Jin(康金).Shock wave signal test and wavelet analysis[J].Journal of Projectiles,Rockets,Missiles and Guidance(弹箭与制导学报),2014,34(5):86-89.
[11]ZHONG Qian(仲倩),WANG Boliang(王伯良),HUANG Ju(黄菊),et al.Study on the similarity law of TNT explosion overpressure in air[J].Chinese Journal of Explosives&Propellants(火炸药学报),2010,33(4):32-35.
[12]LIU Jingbo(刘晶波),YAN Qiushi(闫秋实),WU Jun(伍俊).Analysis of blast wave propagation inside tunnels[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock(振动与冲击),2009,28(6):8-11.
[13]CHENG Liangyu(程良玉),LONG Yuan(龙源),MAO Yiming(毛益明),et al.An experimental study on large-diameter highpressure pipeline physical explosions shock wave propagation[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock(振动与冲击),2017,36(22):40-44.
[14]WANG Jianmin(王建民),WANG Zhengguo(王正国),ZHUPeifang(朱佩芳),et al.Pathologic observation of injury of pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells by blast wave[J].Chinese Journal of Microcirculation(微循环学杂志),2001,11(3):4-6.
[15]LIU Tiemin(刘铁民),ZHANG Xingkai(张兴凯),LIU Gongzhi(刘功智).Application guide for safety evaluation methods(安全评价方法应用指南)[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2005.
[2]Pipeline Research Council International(PRCI).Line rupture and the spacing of parallel lines[R].Chantilly,VA,United States:PRCI,2002.
[3]GUAN Li(关丽),LIU Dejun(刘德俊),ZHOU Zhiqiang(周志表4超压对人的伤害作用及阈值Table 4 Damage effect and threshold of overpressure on people超压阈值/kPa伤害作用>100大部分人员死亡50~100内脏严重受损30~50听觉器官损伤或骨折20~30轻微损伤<20安全强).Experimental analysis on leakage and explosion of natural gas pipeline[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology(中国安全生产科学技术),2014,10(12):40-45.
[4]DONG Yuhu,GAO Huilin,ZHOU Jing'en,et al.Mathematical modeling of gas release through holes in pipelines[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2003,92(1):237-241.
[5]JO Y D,AHN B J.Analysis of hazard areas associated with highpressure natural-gas pipelines[J].Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries,2002,15(3):179-188.
[6]GAO Chunfang(高春芳),REN Huiqi(任辉启),FAN Naijun(范乃军),et al.Evaluation of animal injury by shock wave[C]//The16th National Shock Wave and Shock Tube Academic Conference Collection(第十六届全国激波与激波管学术会议论文集).Luoyang:Committee of Shock Wave and Shock Tube,Chinese Mechanics Society,2014:722-726.
[7]YANG Ming(杨明).Exploring the explosion risks due to the sharelayout long-distance high-pressure pipelines in the same ditchchannel[J].Journal of Safety and Environment(安全与环境学报),2018,18(4):1334-1338.
[8]DU Hongmian(杜红棉),ZU Jing(祖静),MA Tiehua(马铁华),et al.Effect of mount configuration of free-field transducers on shock wave measurement[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock(振动与冲击),2011,30(11):85-89.
[9]WANG Haibin(王海宾).Study on damage of animals caused by methane explosion shock wave(甲烷爆炸冲击波对动物损伤研究)[D].Taiyuan:North University of China,2015.
[10]JIA Yunfei(贾云飞),ZHANG Chunqi(张春棋),KANG Jin(康金).Shock wave signal test and wavelet analysis[J].Journal of Projectiles,Rockets,Missiles and Guidance(弹箭与制导学报),2014,34(5):86-89.
[11]ZHONG Qian(仲倩),WANG Boliang(王伯良),HUANG Ju(黄菊),et al.Study on the similarity law of TNT explosion overpressure in air[J].Chinese Journal of Explosives&Propellants(火炸药学报),2010,33(4):32-35.
[12]LIU Jingbo(刘晶波),YAN Qiushi(闫秋实),WU Jun(伍俊).Analysis of blast wave propagation inside tunnels[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock(振动与冲击),2009,28(6):8-11.
[13]CHENG Liangyu(程良玉),LONG Yuan(龙源),MAO Yiming(毛益明),et al.An experimental study on large-diameter highpressure pipeline physical explosions shock wave propagation[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock(振动与冲击),2017,36(22):40-44.
[14]WANG Jianmin(王建民),WANG Zhengguo(王正国),ZHUPeifang(朱佩芳),et al.Pathologic observation of injury of pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells by blast wave[J].Chinese Journal of Microcirculation(微循环学杂志),2001,11(3):4-6.
[15]LIU Tiemin(刘铁民),ZHANG Xingkai(张兴凯),LIU Gongzhi(刘功智).Application guide for safety evaluation methods(安全评价方法应用指南)[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2005.