摘要
为了明确芽孢杆菌及其发酵液挥发性物质对极早熟桃采后主要致病菌链格孢菌的防治效果,以"津柳早红"桃为试材,通过有伤接种法、采后浸泡法和平板对峙法对三种芽孢杆菌(Bacillus strains) HB-2、B1和X的抑菌活性以及对极早熟桃采后品质保鲜效果的影响进行探究,同时利用平板倒扣法研究三种芽孢杆菌发酵液挥发性物质的抑菌活性,并采用顶空固相微萃取结合气相色谱-质谱联用法(SPME-GC-MS)对发酵液挥发性物质进行成分分析。结果表明:与对照组相比,三种芽孢杆菌发酵液均能显著抑制链格孢菌菌落的生长(p <0.05),同时可有效降低极早熟桃采后腐烂率,延缓果实VC含量、可滴定酸含量和硬度的降低(p <0.05),较好地维持果实品质,且效果HB-2> X> B1;此外,三种芽孢杆菌发酵液产生的挥发性气体对抑制链格孢菌菌落的扩展有明显的抑制作用(p <0.05),抑菌率均在50%以上,并通过对其主要挥发性物质成分进行鉴定分析,从芽孢杆菌HB-2、B1和X发酵液中分别得到28种、31种和30种化合物,主要包括醇类、酯类、酮类、酸类、酚类、烃类和其他类化合物。芽孢杆菌HB-2、B1和X发酵液对极早熟桃采后病害的生物防治具有良好应用潜力。
In order to investigate the control effects of fermented broth of Bacillus strains and volatile organic compounds against postharvest Alternaria alternata of the"JinLiuZaoHong "super-early maturing peach,the injury inoculation method,post-harvest soaking method and plate-to-plate method were studied. The antibacterial activity and the effect of three Bacillus strains HB-2,B1 and X on postharvest quality of super-early maturing peach,and the antibacterial activity of volatile organic compounds of fermented broth was analyzed by the two-sealed-base-plates method and headspace solidphase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry( SPME-GC-MS) method. The results showed that fermented broth of three Bacillus strains could significantly inhibit the colonization growth of Alternaria alternata( p < 0.05) compared with thecontrol group,and they also significantly delayed the decreasing of vitamin C contents,titratable acid contents and firmness and maintained quality,with the order of HB-2 > X > B1.In addition,the volatile organic compound sproduced by three Bacillus strains fermented broth had significant inhibitory effect on the expansion of Alternaria alternata colonies with the inhibitory rate reached above 50%,and 28,31 and 30 kinds of compounds were identified in HB-2,B1 and X,respectively,such as alcohols,esters,ketones,acids,phenols,alkanes and so on.Bacillus HB-2,B1 and X would have potential application for the biological control of postharvest diseases of super-early maturing peach.
引文
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