格罗斯曼论《资本论》的结构与方法——兼论法兰克福学派早期的政治经济学研究
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摘要
法兰克福学派早期发展研究是一个已经为学界所关注但仍有待展开的领域。其中,除了社会研究所第一任主任卡尔·格律恩贝格外,最具代表性的理论家就是亨里克·格罗斯曼。格罗斯曼最为突出的理论贡献是对资本主义体系的积累和崩溃规律的分析,以及对资本主义危机理论的阐发。作为其理论支撑,在同第二国际"新和谐主义"和罗莎·卢森堡相争论的意义上,格罗斯曼系统阐发了《资本论》的结构计划和方法框架。格罗斯曼认为,《资本论》结构计划的调整体现了马克思论证资本主义崩溃规律的方法进程。从价值图式到再生产图式再到价值—生产价格转型和一般利润率,马克思以从抽象到具体、从简单到复杂的方式实现了对资本主义生产方式具体现实的总体把握。尽管在霍克海默继任社会研究所主任后,格罗斯曼还曾参与法兰克福学派的学术分工。但是随着批判理论范式的逐渐确立,格罗斯曼与霍克海默渐行渐远。对格罗斯曼资本主义危机理论和《资本论》结构与方法的再考察,有助于我们全面把握法兰克福学派早期的理论转型,为理解政治经济学批判与批判理论之间的逻辑关联提供前提和准备。
There are many studies on the early development of Frankfurt School,in which Carl Gruenberg and Henryk Grossman were two key figures. The main contributions by Grossman are the analyses on the law of capitalist accumulation and breakdown,and the elucidations of capitalist crises. Based on arguments between the"new harmonists"and Rosa Ruxemburg in the Second International,Grossman made a systematic interpretation of the structure and method in Marx's Capital.He argued that the changes in the structures of Capital reflected the Marx's illuminations of capitalist breakdown with the method procedure from the abstract to the concrete,and from the simple to the complex. With the procedure from value scheme to reproduction scheme,and then to value-production price transformation and the general profit,Marx provided a systematic analysis of the concrete reality-capitalist mode of production. After Max Horkheimer's becoming the dean of Institute of Social Research,Grossman gradually left the Frankfurt School because of the difference between his approaches and the critical theory. The target of this article is to considerate Grossman's ideas on Capital,the early development in Frankfurt School and the unity between critique of political economy and critical theory.
There are many studies on the early development of Frankfurt School,in which Carl Gruenberg and Henryk Grossman were two key figures. The main contributions by Grossman are the analyses on the law of capitalist accumulation and breakdown,and the elucidations of capitalist crises. Based on arguments between the"new harmonists"and Rosa Ruxemburg in the Second International,Grossman made a systematic interpretation of the structure and method in Marx's Capital.He argued that the changes in the structures of Capital reflected the Marx's illuminations of capitalist breakdown with the method procedure from the abstract to the concrete,and from the simple to the complex. With the procedure from value scheme to reproduction scheme,and then to value-production price transformation and the general profit,Marx provided a systematic analysis of the concrete reality-capitalist mode of production. After Max Horkheimer's becoming the dean of Institute of Social Research,Grossman gradually left the Frankfurt School because of the difference between his approaches and the critical theory. The target of this article is to considerate Grossman's ideas on Capital,the early development in Frankfurt School and the unity between critique of political economy and critical theory.
引文
(1)(3)张亮:《格罗斯曼的资本主义危机理论:批判的再考察》,《国外理论动态》2008年第11期。
(2)Henryk Grossman Works,Volume 1:Essays and Letters on Economic Theory,Ed.Rick Kuhn,Brill,2018.
(4)(7)Rick Kuhn,“Henryk Grossman and the Recovery of Marxism”,Historical Materialism,2005(13):3.
(5)(18)参见[德]罗尔夫·魏格豪斯《法兰克福学派:历史、理论及其政治影响》(上册),上海人民出版社2010年版,第39、53页。
(6)《马克思恩格斯〈资本论〉通信集》,人民出版社1976年版,第359页。
(8)参见[英]霍华德、金《马克思主义经济学史:1883-1929》,中央编译出版社2014年版,第164、83页。
(9)参见[英]霍华德、金《马克思主义经济学史:1883-1929》,中央编译出版社2014年版,第110页。
(10)(14)Henryk Grossman,The Law of Accumulation and Breakdown of the Capitalist System:Being also a Theory of Crises,Pluto Press,1992,p.32,p.29.
(11)(12)参见方敏、蒋澈《格罗斯曼的崩溃与危机理论》,《政治经济学评论》2015年第6卷第5期。
(13)Henryk Grossman,The Law of Accumulation and Breakdown of the Capitalist System:Being also a Theory of Crises,Pluto Press,1992,p.33;Rick Kuhn,Grossman and the Recovery of Marxism,University of Illinois Press,2006,pp.135-136.转引自张亮《格罗斯曼的资本主义危机理论:批判的再考察》,《国外理论动态》2008年第11期。
(15)Henryk Grossman,“The Change in the Original Plan for Marx’s Capital and Its Causes”,Historical Materialism,2013(21):3.
(16)(17)Henryk Grossman,“The Value-Price Transformation in Marx and the Problem of Crisis”,Historical Materialism,2016(24):1.
(2)Henryk Grossman Works,Volume 1:Essays and Letters on Economic Theory,Ed.Rick Kuhn,Brill,2018.
(4)(7)Rick Kuhn,“Henryk Grossman and the Recovery of Marxism”,Historical Materialism,2005(13):3.
(5)(18)参见[德]罗尔夫·魏格豪斯《法兰克福学派:历史、理论及其政治影响》(上册),上海人民出版社2010年版,第39、53页。
(6)《马克思恩格斯〈资本论〉通信集》,人民出版社1976年版,第359页。
(8)参见[英]霍华德、金《马克思主义经济学史:1883-1929》,中央编译出版社2014年版,第164、83页。
(9)参见[英]霍华德、金《马克思主义经济学史:1883-1929》,中央编译出版社2014年版,第110页。
(10)(14)Henryk Grossman,The Law of Accumulation and Breakdown of the Capitalist System:Being also a Theory of Crises,Pluto Press,1992,p.32,p.29.
(11)(12)参见方敏、蒋澈《格罗斯曼的崩溃与危机理论》,《政治经济学评论》2015年第6卷第5期。
(13)Henryk Grossman,The Law of Accumulation and Breakdown of the Capitalist System:Being also a Theory of Crises,Pluto Press,1992,p.33;Rick Kuhn,Grossman and the Recovery of Marxism,University of Illinois Press,2006,pp.135-136.转引自张亮《格罗斯曼的资本主义危机理论:批判的再考察》,《国外理论动态》2008年第11期。
(15)Henryk Grossman,“The Change in the Original Plan for Marx’s Capital and Its Causes”,Historical Materialism,2013(21):3.
(16)(17)Henryk Grossman,“The Value-Price Transformation in Marx and the Problem of Crisis”,Historical Materialism,2016(24):1.