北京城市主干道降雨径流污染负荷分析
|
摘要
为了解城市主干道径流污染特征,于2018年6—9月对北京城市主干道降雨径流进行取样监测,运用EXCEL和SPSS软件统计分析径流污染物TSS、EC、COD、TN、TP、Zn和Ni之间的污染特性,并在此基础上估算污染物年污染负荷.研究结果表明,北京城市主干道径流水质为劣Ⅴ类;污染物浓度与降雨量、平均降雨强度、降雨历时和雨前干期长度存在一定的相关关系,依据冲刷作用与稀释作用的强弱变化,相关性有一定变化;用TSS和EC表征污染物在径流中的存在状态,发现COD、TN、Zn和Ni在径流中主要以溶解态存在,TP主要以颗粒吸附的形式存在;据实际监测数据估算,北京城市主干道年污染负荷TSS、COD、TN、TP、Zn和Ni分别为3273.15、266.86、16.24、1.89、0.097和0.008 kg·hm~(-2)·a~(-1).城市主干道径流污染特征研究可以为城市道路径流污染防控与管理提供科学依据.
In order to characterize the urban arterial road runoff pollution, the rainfall runoff in Beijing was monitored from June to September, 2018. TSS, EC, COD, TN, TP, Zn and Ni were statistically analyzed by EXCEL and SPSS, and on this basis, the annual pollution loads were estimated. Results indicate that the arterial road water quality was inferior to the V level of the surface water criterion. There were close correlation between pollutant concentrations and precipitation, average rainfall intensity, rainfall duration and length of dry period before rain. These correlation may change owing to the flushing and the dilution. According to the correlation between runoff pollutants and TSS, together with EC, COD, TN, Zn and Ni mainly existed in dissolved state in runoff, while TP mainly existed in particle adsorption form. According to the actual monitoring data, the annual pollution loads in urban arterial roads of Beijing were calculated as 3273.15, 266.86, 16.24, 1.89, 0.097 and 0.008 kg·hm~(-2)·a~(-1) respectively, for TSS, COD, TN, TP, Zn and Ni. The study can provide a scientific basis for the pollution prevention, control and management of urban arterial road.
In order to characterize the urban arterial road runoff pollution, the rainfall runoff in Beijing was monitored from June to September, 2018. TSS, EC, COD, TN, TP, Zn and Ni were statistically analyzed by EXCEL and SPSS, and on this basis, the annual pollution loads were estimated. Results indicate that the arterial road water quality was inferior to the V level of the surface water criterion. There were close correlation between pollutant concentrations and precipitation, average rainfall intensity, rainfall duration and length of dry period before rain. These correlation may change owing to the flushing and the dilution. According to the correlation between runoff pollutants and TSS, together with EC, COD, TN, Zn and Ni mainly existed in dissolved state in runoff, while TP mainly existed in particle adsorption form. According to the actual monitoring data, the annual pollution loads in urban arterial roads of Beijing were calculated as 3273.15, 266.86, 16.24, 1.89, 0.097 and 0.008 kg·hm~(-2)·a~(-1) respectively, for TSS, COD, TN, TP, Zn and Ni. The study can provide a scientific basis for the pollution prevention, control and management of urban arterial road.
引文
陈莹,赵剑强,胡博.2011.西安市城市主干道路面径流污染特征研究 [J].中国环境科学,31(5):781-788
Crabtree B,Dempsey P,Johnson I,et al.2008.The development of a risk-based approach to managing the ecological impact of pollutants in highway runoff [J].Water Science and Technology,57(10):1595-1600
Deletic A B,Maksimovic C T.1998.Evaluation of water quality factors in storm runoff from paved areas[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering-Asce,124(9):869-879
Furumai H,Balmer H,Boiler M.2002.Dynamic behavior of suspended pollutants and particle size distribution in highway runoff [J].Water Science and Technology,46(11/12):413-418
Gnecco I,Berretta C,Lanza L G,et al.2004.Storm water pollution in the urban environment of Genoa,Italy [J].Atmospheric Research,77(1):60-73
郭婧,马琳,史鑫源,等.2011.北京城市道路降雨径流监测与分析 [J].环境化学,30(10):1814-1815
郭雯婧.2015.西安市城区降雨径流污染特征及负荷估算研究 [D].西安:西安科技大学.1-5
Han Y H,Lau S L,Kayhanian M,et al.2006.Characteristics of highway stormwater runoff [J].Water Environment Research,78(12):2377-2388
何国羽.2015.不同城市道路降雨径流污染特征研究 [D].杭州:浙江工业大学.1-10
何俊超,许萍,张雅君,等.2015.深圳市道路降雨径流初期冲刷效应及初期弃流量分析 [J].市政技术,33(4):81-86
侯培强,任玉芬,王效科,等.2012.北京市城市降雨径流水质评价研究 [J].环境科学,33(1):71-75
胡成,潘美霞.2006.城市非点源污染负荷估算研究 [J].气象与环境学报,22(5):14-18
Gilbert J K,Clausen J C.2006.Stormwater runoff quality and quantity from asphalt,paver,and crushed stone driveways in Connecticut[J].Water Research,40(4):826-832
Kim L H,Kayhanian M,Zoh K D.2004.Modeling of highway stormwater runoff [J].Science of the Total Environment,348(1):1-18
Lee J H,Bang K W.2000.Characterization of urban stormwater runoff [J].Water Research,34(2):1773-1781
Lee J Y,Kim H J,Kim Y J,et al.2011.Characteristics of the event mean concentration (EMC) from rainfall runoff on an urban highway [J].Environmental Pollution,159(4):884-888
李春林,刘淼,胡远满,等.2013.沈阳市降雨径流初期冲刷效应 [J].生态学报,33(18):5952-5961
李春林,刘淼,胡远满,等.2014.沈阳市降雨径流污染物排放特征 [J].生态学杂志,33(5):1327-1336
李海燕,车伍,黄宇.2008.北京长河湾流域径流非点源污染总量估算 [J].给水排水,34(3):56-59
李贺,张雪,高海鹰,等.2008.高速公路路面雨水径流污染特征分析 [J].中国环境科学,28(11):1037-1041
李俊奇,毛坤,向璐璐.2010.京承高速公路径流污染负荷及初期冲刷效应研究 [J].中国给水排水,26(18):59-63
李立青,尹澄清,何庆慈,等.2007.武汉市城区降雨径流污染负荷对受纳水体的贡献 [J].中国环境科学,27(3):312-316
Li W,Shen Z,Tian T,et al.2012.Temporal variation of heavy metal pollution in urban stormwater runoff [J].Frontiers of Environmental Science&Engineering,6 (5):692-700
刘明文,陈芳.2017.高速公路路面径流水质特性及污染规律分析 [J].公路交通科技(应用技术版),13(4):152-154
刘兴茂,刘亚洲,陈瑞华,等.2016.山区水源地保护区高速公路径流污染特征与处理技术机理分析 [J].西南公路,2:143-146
Soller J,Stephenson J,Olivieri K,et al.2005.Evaluation of seasonal scale first flush pollutant loading and implications for urban runoff management[J].Journal of Environmental Management,76(4):309-318
罗小林,郑一,张巍,等.2011.城市降雨径流多环芳烃污染研究的进展与展望 [J].环境科学与技术,34(4):55-59
马英,马邕文,万金泉,等.2011.东莞不同下垫面降雨径流污染输移规律研究 [J].中国环境科学,31(12):1983-1990
Opher T,Friedler E.2010.Factors affecting highway runoff quality [J].Urban Water Journal,7(3):155-172
欧阳威,王玮,郝芳华,等.2010.北京城区不同下垫面降雨径流产污特征分析 [J].中国环境科学,30(9):1249-1256
Qin H P,Khu S T,Yu X Y.2010.Spatial variations of storm runoff pollution and their correlation with land-use in a rapidly urbanizing catchment in China [J].Science of the Total Environment,408(20):4613-4623
Ren Y F,Wang X K,OuYang Z Y,et al.2008.Stormwater runoff quality from different surface in an urban catchment in Beijing,China [J].Water Environment Research,80(8):719-724
任玉芬,王效科,欧阳志云,等.2013.北京城市典型下垫面降雨径流污染初始冲刷效应分析 [J].环境科学,34(1):373-378
Sansalone J J,Buchberger S G.1997.Partitioning and first flush of metals in urban roadway storm water [J].Journal of Environmental Engineering,123(2):134-143
滕俊伟,尹秋晓,李飞鹏,等.2014.上海市高架道路降雨径流的水质特征与负荷估算 [J].净水技术,33(3):18-21
王健,尹炜,叶闽,等.2011.植草沟技术在面源污染控制中的研究进展 [J].环境科学与技术,34(5):90-94
Ouyang W,Guo B,Hao F,et al.2012.Modeling urban storm rainfall runoff from diverse underlying surfaces and application for control design in Beijing[J].Journal of Environmental Management,113:467-473
武俊良,任玉芬,王雪梅,等.2015.城市道路径流的排污特征 [J].环境科学,36(10):3691-3696
谢继锋,胡志新,徐挺,等.2012.合肥市不同下垫面降雨径流水质特征分析 [J].中国环境科学,32(6):1018-1025
余香英,张永波,蒋婧媛,等.2016.降雨径流模型思想及研究进展 [J].环境科学与技术,39(S2):493-497
张光岳,张红,杨长军,等.2008.成都市道路地表径流污染及对策 [J].城市环境与城市生态,21(4):18-21
张千千,李向全,王效科,等.2014.城市路面降雨径流污染特征及源解析的研究进展 [J].生态环境学报,23(2):352-358
张千千,王效科,郝丽岭,等.2012.重庆市路面降雨径流特征及污染源解析 [J].环境科学,33(1):76-82
张琼华,王倩,王晓昌,等.2016.典型城市道路雨水径流污染解析和利用标准探讨 [J].环境工程学报,10(7):3451-3456
张善发,李田,高廷耀.2006.上海市地表径流污染负荷研究 [J].中国给水排水,22(21):57-60
张亚东,车伍,刘燕,等.2003.北京城区道路雨水径流污染指标相关性分析 [J].城市环境与城市生态,16(6):182-184
赵剑强,刘珊,邱立萍,等.2001.高速公路路面径流水质特性及排污规律 [J].中国环境科学,21(5):62-65
周栋,陈振楼,毕春娟.2012.温州城市降雨径流磷的负荷及其初始冲刷效应 [J].环境科学,33(8):2634-2643
周立柱,杨顶田,尹小青.2018.海南新村港和黎安港非点源污染负荷估算 [J].生态科学,37(3):11-20
朱松,方沛南,蓝雪春.2009.降雨径流污染研究综述 [J].中国农学通报,25(12):240-245
Crabtree B,Dempsey P,Johnson I,et al.2008.The development of a risk-based approach to managing the ecological impact of pollutants in highway runoff [J].Water Science and Technology,57(10):1595-1600
Deletic A B,Maksimovic C T.1998.Evaluation of water quality factors in storm runoff from paved areas[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering-Asce,124(9):869-879
Furumai H,Balmer H,Boiler M.2002.Dynamic behavior of suspended pollutants and particle size distribution in highway runoff [J].Water Science and Technology,46(11/12):413-418
Gnecco I,Berretta C,Lanza L G,et al.2004.Storm water pollution in the urban environment of Genoa,Italy [J].Atmospheric Research,77(1):60-73
郭婧,马琳,史鑫源,等.2011.北京城市道路降雨径流监测与分析 [J].环境化学,30(10):1814-1815
郭雯婧.2015.西安市城区降雨径流污染特征及负荷估算研究 [D].西安:西安科技大学.1-5
Han Y H,Lau S L,Kayhanian M,et al.2006.Characteristics of highway stormwater runoff [J].Water Environment Research,78(12):2377-2388
何国羽.2015.不同城市道路降雨径流污染特征研究 [D].杭州:浙江工业大学.1-10
何俊超,许萍,张雅君,等.2015.深圳市道路降雨径流初期冲刷效应及初期弃流量分析 [J].市政技术,33(4):81-86
侯培强,任玉芬,王效科,等.2012.北京市城市降雨径流水质评价研究 [J].环境科学,33(1):71-75
胡成,潘美霞.2006.城市非点源污染负荷估算研究 [J].气象与环境学报,22(5):14-18
Gilbert J K,Clausen J C.2006.Stormwater runoff quality and quantity from asphalt,paver,and crushed stone driveways in Connecticut[J].Water Research,40(4):826-832
Kim L H,Kayhanian M,Zoh K D.2004.Modeling of highway stormwater runoff [J].Science of the Total Environment,348(1):1-18
Lee J H,Bang K W.2000.Characterization of urban stormwater runoff [J].Water Research,34(2):1773-1781
Lee J Y,Kim H J,Kim Y J,et al.2011.Characteristics of the event mean concentration (EMC) from rainfall runoff on an urban highway [J].Environmental Pollution,159(4):884-888
李春林,刘淼,胡远满,等.2013.沈阳市降雨径流初期冲刷效应 [J].生态学报,33(18):5952-5961
李春林,刘淼,胡远满,等.2014.沈阳市降雨径流污染物排放特征 [J].生态学杂志,33(5):1327-1336
李海燕,车伍,黄宇.2008.北京长河湾流域径流非点源污染总量估算 [J].给水排水,34(3):56-59
李贺,张雪,高海鹰,等.2008.高速公路路面雨水径流污染特征分析 [J].中国环境科学,28(11):1037-1041
李俊奇,毛坤,向璐璐.2010.京承高速公路径流污染负荷及初期冲刷效应研究 [J].中国给水排水,26(18):59-63
李立青,尹澄清,何庆慈,等.2007.武汉市城区降雨径流污染负荷对受纳水体的贡献 [J].中国环境科学,27(3):312-316
Li W,Shen Z,Tian T,et al.2012.Temporal variation of heavy metal pollution in urban stormwater runoff [J].Frontiers of Environmental Science&Engineering,6 (5):692-700
刘明文,陈芳.2017.高速公路路面径流水质特性及污染规律分析 [J].公路交通科技(应用技术版),13(4):152-154
刘兴茂,刘亚洲,陈瑞华,等.2016.山区水源地保护区高速公路径流污染特征与处理技术机理分析 [J].西南公路,2:143-146
Soller J,Stephenson J,Olivieri K,et al.2005.Evaluation of seasonal scale first flush pollutant loading and implications for urban runoff management[J].Journal of Environmental Management,76(4):309-318
罗小林,郑一,张巍,等.2011.城市降雨径流多环芳烃污染研究的进展与展望 [J].环境科学与技术,34(4):55-59
马英,马邕文,万金泉,等.2011.东莞不同下垫面降雨径流污染输移规律研究 [J].中国环境科学,31(12):1983-1990
Opher T,Friedler E.2010.Factors affecting highway runoff quality [J].Urban Water Journal,7(3):155-172
欧阳威,王玮,郝芳华,等.2010.北京城区不同下垫面降雨径流产污特征分析 [J].中国环境科学,30(9):1249-1256
Qin H P,Khu S T,Yu X Y.2010.Spatial variations of storm runoff pollution and their correlation with land-use in a rapidly urbanizing catchment in China [J].Science of the Total Environment,408(20):4613-4623
Ren Y F,Wang X K,OuYang Z Y,et al.2008.Stormwater runoff quality from different surface in an urban catchment in Beijing,China [J].Water Environment Research,80(8):719-724
任玉芬,王效科,欧阳志云,等.2013.北京城市典型下垫面降雨径流污染初始冲刷效应分析 [J].环境科学,34(1):373-378
Sansalone J J,Buchberger S G.1997.Partitioning and first flush of metals in urban roadway storm water [J].Journal of Environmental Engineering,123(2):134-143
滕俊伟,尹秋晓,李飞鹏,等.2014.上海市高架道路降雨径流的水质特征与负荷估算 [J].净水技术,33(3):18-21
王健,尹炜,叶闽,等.2011.植草沟技术在面源污染控制中的研究进展 [J].环境科学与技术,34(5):90-94
Ouyang W,Guo B,Hao F,et al.2012.Modeling urban storm rainfall runoff from diverse underlying surfaces and application for control design in Beijing[J].Journal of Environmental Management,113:467-473
武俊良,任玉芬,王雪梅,等.2015.城市道路径流的排污特征 [J].环境科学,36(10):3691-3696
谢继锋,胡志新,徐挺,等.2012.合肥市不同下垫面降雨径流水质特征分析 [J].中国环境科学,32(6):1018-1025
余香英,张永波,蒋婧媛,等.2016.降雨径流模型思想及研究进展 [J].环境科学与技术,39(S2):493-497
张光岳,张红,杨长军,等.2008.成都市道路地表径流污染及对策 [J].城市环境与城市生态,21(4):18-21
张千千,李向全,王效科,等.2014.城市路面降雨径流污染特征及源解析的研究进展 [J].生态环境学报,23(2):352-358
张千千,王效科,郝丽岭,等.2012.重庆市路面降雨径流特征及污染源解析 [J].环境科学,33(1):76-82
张琼华,王倩,王晓昌,等.2016.典型城市道路雨水径流污染解析和利用标准探讨 [J].环境工程学报,10(7):3451-3456
张善发,李田,高廷耀.2006.上海市地表径流污染负荷研究 [J].中国给水排水,22(21):57-60
张亚东,车伍,刘燕,等.2003.北京城区道路雨水径流污染指标相关性分析 [J].城市环境与城市生态,16(6):182-184
赵剑强,刘珊,邱立萍,等.2001.高速公路路面径流水质特性及排污规律 [J].中国环境科学,21(5):62-65
周栋,陈振楼,毕春娟.2012.温州城市降雨径流磷的负荷及其初始冲刷效应 [J].环境科学,33(8):2634-2643
周立柱,杨顶田,尹小青.2018.海南新村港和黎安港非点源污染负荷估算 [J].生态科学,37(3):11-20
朱松,方沛南,蓝雪春.2009.降雨径流污染研究综述 [J].中国农学通报,25(12):240-245