甘肃省平凉市土壤重金属潜在生态风险评价
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摘要
为了揭示农田土壤中重金属元素潜在的污染特征,2004—2011年在甘肃省平凉市农田抽取黑垆土、黄绵土等6个土类147个土壤样点,检测As、Hg、Pb、Cr、Cd 5种重金属含量,并采用Hakanson潜在生态风险指数,研究了甘肃省平凉市农田土壤重金属污染程度及潜在的生态危害性。结果表明,As、Hg、Pb、Cr、Cd平均含量分别为9.96、0.038、32.16、65.98、0.119 mg/kg,变异系数分别为30.72%、93.94%、47.72%、28.36%、60.84%,潜在生态风险系数分别在3.09~18.04、3.85~323.88、1.19~30.90、0.46~3.22、3.96~100.85之间,6个土类农田风险指数在29.21~356.69之间。土壤重金属Hg、Cd分布不均匀,As、Pb、Cr分布相对均匀,农田土壤重金属有潜在生态风险,Hg、Cd构成的风险较大。
In order to research the potential pollution characteristics of heavy metals in farmland, from 2004 to 2011, the author sampled heilu soil, loessial soil, and so on 6 soil types, including 147 soil samples, detected 5 kinds of heavy metal content, which were As, Hg, Pb, Cr, Cd, in farmland of Pingliang City of Gansu Province, and the potential ecological risk and pollution degree of the heavy metals in farmland were evaluated using Hakanson ecological risk index. The results showed that: the average content of As, Hg, Pb, Cr, Cd were 9.96, 0.038, 32.16, 65.98 and 0.119 mg/kg, the coefficient of variation were 30.72%, 93.94%, 47.72%, 28.36% and 60.84%, the potential ecological risk coefficient were 3.09-18.04, 3.85-323.88, 1.19-30.90, 0.46-3.22, 3.96-100.85, 6 soil farmland risk indexes were 29.21-356.69. The distribution of Hg, Cd was not uniform, while As, Pb, Cr was relatively uniform, so the soil heavy metal in farmland had potential ecological risk, Hg, Cd had bigger risk.
In order to research the potential pollution characteristics of heavy metals in farmland, from 2004 to 2011, the author sampled heilu soil, loessial soil, and so on 6 soil types, including 147 soil samples, detected 5 kinds of heavy metal content, which were As, Hg, Pb, Cr, Cd, in farmland of Pingliang City of Gansu Province, and the potential ecological risk and pollution degree of the heavy metals in farmland were evaluated using Hakanson ecological risk index. The results showed that: the average content of As, Hg, Pb, Cr, Cd were 9.96, 0.038, 32.16, 65.98 and 0.119 mg/kg, the coefficient of variation were 30.72%, 93.94%, 47.72%, 28.36% and 60.84%, the potential ecological risk coefficient were 3.09-18.04, 3.85-323.88, 1.19-30.90, 0.46-3.22, 3.96-100.85, 6 soil farmland risk indexes were 29.21-356.69. The distribution of Hg, Cd was not uniform, while As, Pb, Cr was relatively uniform, so the soil heavy metal in farmland had potential ecological risk, Hg, Cd had bigger risk.
引文
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[13]孟庆峰,杨劲松,姚荣江,等.滩涂围垦区土壤重金属调查及生态风险评价——以盐城市弶港镇为例[J].农业环境科学学报,2011,30(11):2249-2257.
[14]李瑞琴,于安芬,白滨,等.甘肃中部高原露地菜田土壤重金属污染及潜在生态风险分析[J].农业环境科学学报,2013,32(1):103-110.
[15]胡宁静,李泽琴,黄朋,等.江西贵溪冶炼厂重金属环境污染特征及生态风险评价[J].地球科学进展,2004,19(增刊):467-470.
[2]Hakanson L.An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control:A sedimentological approach[J].Water Research,1980,14:975-1001.
[3]Pekey H,Karakas D,Ayberk S,et al.Ecological risk assessment using trace elements from surface sediments of Izmit Bay(Northeastern Marmara Sea)Turkey[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2004,48:946-953.
[4]范栓喜,甘卓亭,李美娟,等.土壤重金属污染评价方法进展[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(17):310-315.
[5]胡国成,许木启,许振成,等.府河-白洋淀沉积物中重金属污染特征及潜在风险评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2011,30(1):146-153.
[6]王学军,席爽.北京东郊污灌土壤重金属含量的克立格插值及重金属污染评价[J].中国环境科学,1997,17(3):225-228.
[7]甘肃省平凉地区土壤普查办公室.平凉土壤[R].平凉地区:甘肃省平凉地区土壤普查办公室,1988.
[8]郑国璋.农业土壤重金属污染研究的理论和实践[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2007:8-10.
[9]甘肃省环境保护厅.甘肃省土壤污染状况调查报告[R].甘肃兰州:甘肃省土壤污染状况调查领导小组办公室,2010.
[10]Manta D S,Angelone M,Bellanca A,et al.Heavy metals in urban soils:A case study from the city of Palermo(Sicily),Italy[J].The Science of the Total Environment,2002,300(1/3):229-243.
[11]陈涛,常庆瑞,刘京,等.长期污灌农田土壤重金属污染及潜在环境风险评价[J].中国科学院研究生院学报,2012,31(11):2152-2159.
[12]李福燕,李许明,吴鹏飞,等.三亚市果蔬地重金属空间分布及其污染评价[J].生态学杂志,2010,29(2):382-386.
[13]孟庆峰,杨劲松,姚荣江,等.滩涂围垦区土壤重金属调查及生态风险评价——以盐城市弶港镇为例[J].农业环境科学学报,2011,30(11):2249-2257.
[14]李瑞琴,于安芬,白滨,等.甘肃中部高原露地菜田土壤重金属污染及潜在生态风险分析[J].农业环境科学学报,2013,32(1):103-110.
[15]胡宁静,李泽琴,黄朋,等.江西贵溪冶炼厂重金属环境污染特征及生态风险评价[J].地球科学进展,2004,19(增刊):467-470.