变形温度对316LN奥氏体不锈钢组织和性能的影响
|
摘要
以316LN奥氏体不锈钢为研究对象,分别在不同温度(室温和液氮)下对其进行轧制变形实验(变形量30%和90%),借助光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、显微硬度计、微力拉伸试验机等对其变形过程中的微观组织演变与力学性能变化规律进行研究。结果表明:两种变形条件下316LN奥氏体不锈钢均可发生形变诱导马氏体转变,且马氏体体积分数随着变形量的增大而增加,同一变形量下深冷轧制态马氏体转变量显著高于室温冷轧态。深冷轧制比室温轧制更有效地加速马氏体转变,可使奥氏体组织完全转化成马氏体的同时将其细化至纳米级别。深冷轧制态下的强度和硬度均高于室温冷轧态,但其伸长率低于室温冷轧态,拉伸断口形貌从典型的韧性断裂向韧性和准解理混合型断裂转变。
The rolling deformation experiments(deformation of 30% and 90%) at different temperatures(room temperature and liquid nitrogen temperature) of 316LN stainless steel were carried out,and microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of the rolled 316LN stainless steel were investigated by means of optical microscope,scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,X-ray diffractometer,micro-hardness tester and micro-tensile testing system.The results show that the deformation-induced martensitic transformation can occur in the 316LN austenitic stainless steel under two kinds of deformation conditions,and the volume fraction of martensite increases with the increase of deformation.Under the same deformation,the martensitic transformation of cryogenic rolling(CR) state is significantly higher than that of room temperature cold rolling(RTR) state.The cryogenic rolling can accelerate the martensitic transformation more efficiently than room temperature cold rolling,which can make austenite structure completely transformed into martensite and refine it to nanoscale.The strength and hardness of the 316LN stainless steel after cryogenic rolling are higher than that of after room temperature cold rolling,but the elongation is obviously lower,and the tensile fracture morphology is transformed from typical ductile fracture to ductile and quasi-cleavage mixed mode fracture.
The rolling deformation experiments(deformation of 30% and 90%) at different temperatures(room temperature and liquid nitrogen temperature) of 316LN stainless steel were carried out,and microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of the rolled 316LN stainless steel were investigated by means of optical microscope,scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,X-ray diffractometer,micro-hardness tester and micro-tensile testing system.The results show that the deformation-induced martensitic transformation can occur in the 316LN austenitic stainless steel under two kinds of deformation conditions,and the volume fraction of martensite increases with the increase of deformation.Under the same deformation,the martensitic transformation of cryogenic rolling(CR) state is significantly higher than that of room temperature cold rolling(RTR) state.The cryogenic rolling can accelerate the martensitic transformation more efficiently than room temperature cold rolling,which can make austenite structure completely transformed into martensite and refine it to nanoscale.The strength and hardness of the 316LN stainless steel after cryogenic rolling are higher than that of after room temperature cold rolling,but the elongation is obviously lower,and the tensile fracture morphology is transformed from typical ductile fracture to ductile and quasi-cleavage mixed mode fracture.
引文
[1]Kain V,Chandra K,Adhe K N,et al.Effect of cold work on low-temperature sensitization behaviour of austenitic stainless steel[J].Journal of Nuclear Materials,2004,334(2/3):115-132.
[2]Huang J X,Ye X N,Xu Z.Effect of cold rolling on microstructure and mechanical properties of AISI 301LN metastable austenitic stainless steels[J].Journal of Iron and Steel Research International,2012,19(10):59-63.
[3]Naghizadeh M,Mirzadeh H.Microstructural evolutions during annealing of plastically deformed AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel:martensite reversion,grain refinement,recrystallization,and grain growth[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A,2016,47(8):4210-4216.
[4]Shi K,Zhang A,Shang H,et al.Experimental study on solid solution strengthening in nanocrystalline alloys using multilayered films[J].Materials Science&Engineering A,2016,653:8-12.
[5]Samuel E I,Christopher J,Sainath G,et al.Unified description of tensile work hardening behavior of P92 steel[J].Materials Science&Engineering A,2016,652:97-98.
[6]Shrinivas V,Varmal S K.Deformation-induced martensitic characteristics in 304 stainless and 316 stainless steels during room temperature rolling[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A,1995,26(3):661-671.
[7]吴红艳,艾峥嵘,刘相华.钢铁材料深冷处理技术研究和应用进展[J].材料热处理学报,2013,34(12):1-2.WU Hong-yan,AI Zheng-rong,LIU Xiang-hua.Progress of research and application on cryogenic treatment of steels[J].Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment,2013,34(12):1-2.
[8]熊毅,贺甜甜,郭志强,等.不同温度重度变形及退火对工业纯铝组织的影响[J].材料热处理学报,2011,32(9):63-64.XIONG Yi,HE Tian-tian,GUO Zhi-qiang,et al.Effect of severe deformation under different temperatures and annealingon microstructure of commercial pure aluminum[J].Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment,2011,32(9):63-64.
[9]周鹤.控轧工艺对301奥氏体不锈钢组织及性能的影响[J].铸造技术,2014,35(11):2667-2669.ZHOU He.Effect of controlled rolling process on microstructure and properties of 301 austenitic stainless steel[J].Foundry Technology,2014,35(11):2669.
[10]Kumar B R,Das S K,Mahatol B,et al.Role of strain-induced martensite on microstructural evolution during annealing of metastable austenitic stainless steel[J].Journal of Materials Science,2010,45(4):911-918.
[11]侯小振,郑文杰,宋志刚,等.冷加工对316L不锈钢力学行为和组织的影响[J].钢铁研究学报,2013,25(7):56-57.HOU Xiao-zhen,ZHENG Wen-jie,SONG Zhi-gang,et al.Effect of cold work on structure and mechanical behavior of 316L stainless steel[J].Journal of Iron and Steel Research,2013,25(7):56-57.
[12]Kobayashi J M,Takahashi K S,Kikuchi H.Martensitic transformation in SUS 316LN austenitic stainless steel at room temperature[J].Journal of Materials Science,2008,43:2659-2665.
[13]Kundu A,Chakraborti P C.Effect of strain rate on quasi-static tensile flow behaviour of solution annealed 304 austenitic stainless steel at room temperature[J].Journal of Materials Science,2010,45:5488-5489.
[14]Hedayati A,Najafizadeh A,Kermanpur A,et al.The effect of cold rolling regime on microstructure and mechanical properties of AISI 304L stainless steel[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2010,210:1017-1022.
[15]Eskandari A,Zarei-Hanzaki A,Reza H.An investigation into the room temperature mechanical properties of nanocrystalline austenitic stainless steels[J].Materials and Design,2013,45:674-681.
[16]Chowdhury S G,Das S,De P K.Cold rolling behavior and textural evolution in AISI 316L austenitic stainless steel[J].Acta Materialia,2005,53(14):3951-3959.
[17]史金涛,侯陇刚,左锦荣,等.304奥氏体不锈钢超低温轧制变形诱发马氏体转变的定量分析及组织表征[J].金属学报,2016,52(8):945-955.SHI Jin-tao,HOU Long-gang,ZUO Jin-rong,et al.Quantitative analysis of the martensite transformation and microstructure characterization during cryogenic rolling of 304 austenitic stainless steel[J].Acta Metallurgica Sinica,2016,52(8):945-955.
[18]Xiong Y,Yue Y,Lu Y,et al.Cryorolling impacts on microstructure and mechanical properties of AISI316 LN austenitic stainless steel[J].Materials Science&Engineering A,2018,709:270-276.
[19]周翠兰,刘红梅,白晋钢,等.冷轧变形量对304不锈钢力学性能的影响[J].钢铁,2012,47(10):74-75.ZHOU Cui-lan,LIU Hong-mei,BAI Jin-gang,et al.Effects of the cold-rolling reduction on the mechanical properties of 304austenitic stainless steel sheets[J].Iron and Steel,2012,47(10):74-75.
[20]王松涛,杨柯,单以银,等.高氮奥氏体不锈钢与316LN不锈钢的冷变形行为研究[J].金属学报,2007,43(2):171-176.WANG Song-tao,YANG Ke,SHAN Yi-yin,et al.Study of cold deformation behaviors of a high nitrogen austenitic stainless steel and 316L stainless steel[J].Acta Metallurgica Sinica,2007,43(2):171-176.
[21]赵勇桃,董俊慧,张韶慧,等.P92钢高温拉伸断口形貌的研究[J].材料工程,2015,43(4):88-89.ZHAO Yong-tao,DONG Jun-hui,ZHANG Shao-hui,et al.High-temperature tensile fracture morphology of P92 steel[J].Journal of Materials Engineering,2015,43(4):88-89.
[2]Huang J X,Ye X N,Xu Z.Effect of cold rolling on microstructure and mechanical properties of AISI 301LN metastable austenitic stainless steels[J].Journal of Iron and Steel Research International,2012,19(10):59-63.
[3]Naghizadeh M,Mirzadeh H.Microstructural evolutions during annealing of plastically deformed AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel:martensite reversion,grain refinement,recrystallization,and grain growth[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A,2016,47(8):4210-4216.
[4]Shi K,Zhang A,Shang H,et al.Experimental study on solid solution strengthening in nanocrystalline alloys using multilayered films[J].Materials Science&Engineering A,2016,653:8-12.
[5]Samuel E I,Christopher J,Sainath G,et al.Unified description of tensile work hardening behavior of P92 steel[J].Materials Science&Engineering A,2016,652:97-98.
[6]Shrinivas V,Varmal S K.Deformation-induced martensitic characteristics in 304 stainless and 316 stainless steels during room temperature rolling[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A,1995,26(3):661-671.
[7]吴红艳,艾峥嵘,刘相华.钢铁材料深冷处理技术研究和应用进展[J].材料热处理学报,2013,34(12):1-2.WU Hong-yan,AI Zheng-rong,LIU Xiang-hua.Progress of research and application on cryogenic treatment of steels[J].Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment,2013,34(12):1-2.
[8]熊毅,贺甜甜,郭志强,等.不同温度重度变形及退火对工业纯铝组织的影响[J].材料热处理学报,2011,32(9):63-64.XIONG Yi,HE Tian-tian,GUO Zhi-qiang,et al.Effect of severe deformation under different temperatures and annealingon microstructure of commercial pure aluminum[J].Transactions of Materials and Heat Treatment,2011,32(9):63-64.
[9]周鹤.控轧工艺对301奥氏体不锈钢组织及性能的影响[J].铸造技术,2014,35(11):2667-2669.ZHOU He.Effect of controlled rolling process on microstructure and properties of 301 austenitic stainless steel[J].Foundry Technology,2014,35(11):2669.
[10]Kumar B R,Das S K,Mahatol B,et al.Role of strain-induced martensite on microstructural evolution during annealing of metastable austenitic stainless steel[J].Journal of Materials Science,2010,45(4):911-918.
[11]侯小振,郑文杰,宋志刚,等.冷加工对316L不锈钢力学行为和组织的影响[J].钢铁研究学报,2013,25(7):56-57.HOU Xiao-zhen,ZHENG Wen-jie,SONG Zhi-gang,et al.Effect of cold work on structure and mechanical behavior of 316L stainless steel[J].Journal of Iron and Steel Research,2013,25(7):56-57.
[12]Kobayashi J M,Takahashi K S,Kikuchi H.Martensitic transformation in SUS 316LN austenitic stainless steel at room temperature[J].Journal of Materials Science,2008,43:2659-2665.
[13]Kundu A,Chakraborti P C.Effect of strain rate on quasi-static tensile flow behaviour of solution annealed 304 austenitic stainless steel at room temperature[J].Journal of Materials Science,2010,45:5488-5489.
[14]Hedayati A,Najafizadeh A,Kermanpur A,et al.The effect of cold rolling regime on microstructure and mechanical properties of AISI 304L stainless steel[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2010,210:1017-1022.
[15]Eskandari A,Zarei-Hanzaki A,Reza H.An investigation into the room temperature mechanical properties of nanocrystalline austenitic stainless steels[J].Materials and Design,2013,45:674-681.
[16]Chowdhury S G,Das S,De P K.Cold rolling behavior and textural evolution in AISI 316L austenitic stainless steel[J].Acta Materialia,2005,53(14):3951-3959.
[17]史金涛,侯陇刚,左锦荣,等.304奥氏体不锈钢超低温轧制变形诱发马氏体转变的定量分析及组织表征[J].金属学报,2016,52(8):945-955.SHI Jin-tao,HOU Long-gang,ZUO Jin-rong,et al.Quantitative analysis of the martensite transformation and microstructure characterization during cryogenic rolling of 304 austenitic stainless steel[J].Acta Metallurgica Sinica,2016,52(8):945-955.
[18]Xiong Y,Yue Y,Lu Y,et al.Cryorolling impacts on microstructure and mechanical properties of AISI316 LN austenitic stainless steel[J].Materials Science&Engineering A,2018,709:270-276.
[19]周翠兰,刘红梅,白晋钢,等.冷轧变形量对304不锈钢力学性能的影响[J].钢铁,2012,47(10):74-75.ZHOU Cui-lan,LIU Hong-mei,BAI Jin-gang,et al.Effects of the cold-rolling reduction on the mechanical properties of 304austenitic stainless steel sheets[J].Iron and Steel,2012,47(10):74-75.
[20]王松涛,杨柯,单以银,等.高氮奥氏体不锈钢与316LN不锈钢的冷变形行为研究[J].金属学报,2007,43(2):171-176.WANG Song-tao,YANG Ke,SHAN Yi-yin,et al.Study of cold deformation behaviors of a high nitrogen austenitic stainless steel and 316L stainless steel[J].Acta Metallurgica Sinica,2007,43(2):171-176.
[21]赵勇桃,董俊慧,张韶慧,等.P92钢高温拉伸断口形貌的研究[J].材料工程,2015,43(4):88-89.ZHAO Yong-tao,DONG Jun-hui,ZHANG Shao-hui,et al.High-temperature tensile fracture morphology of P92 steel[J].Journal of Materials Engineering,2015,43(4):88-89.