考虑非均质性的致密储层改造效果评价
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摘要
作为低渗透油气藏的重要改造手段,水力压裂技术的研究方法越来越多。但是目前绝大多数的研究均未考虑储层非均质性,而储层非均质性是影响压裂改造效果的重要地质因素。为此,在考虑储层非均质性的情况下,基于物质点法建立非均质储层改造效果评价模型,应用J积分计算储层改造面积并对储层非均质情况进行评价。将模拟出的差应力场与微地震检测结果进行对比,验证构建模型的准确性。研究结果表明:考虑储层非均质性模型的计算结果与现场实际微地震信号匹配度很高;J积分曲线波动越明显,储层非均质性越强;压裂15段最合理,此时储层改造面积比例为0.87,增幅比例小于0.01;非均质储层两翼裂缝差异较大,与设计裂缝半长相差很多。
Hydraulic fracturing is an important stimulation method for the low-permeability oil and gas reservoirs,and an increasing number of studies in this aspect have been proposed.However,the heterogeneity of reservoirs has not been considered in the most studies,in spite of that the heterogeneity is one of the key geological factor affecting the fracturing performance.Therefore,in this study,a model was proposed based on the material point method to estimate the stimulation of heterogeneous reservoir,and the J-integral was used to estimate the stimulated reservoir area and to evaluate the heterogeneity.The simulated in-situ differential stress field was compared with the microseismic detection results so as to verify the accuracy of the model.The results show that the calculation results of model considering the heterogeneity highly matched with the actual microseismic signals in the field;a higher J-integral curve fluctuation indicated a stronger heterogeneity of reservoir;15-stage hydraulic fracture stimulation is the most reasonable with the ratio of stimulated reservoir area as 0.87 and the growth rate less than 0.01;the fractures at the two wings of the heterogeneous reservoir were quite different,and they are different from the designed half-length of the fractures.
Hydraulic fracturing is an important stimulation method for the low-permeability oil and gas reservoirs,and an increasing number of studies in this aspect have been proposed.However,the heterogeneity of reservoirs has not been considered in the most studies,in spite of that the heterogeneity is one of the key geological factor affecting the fracturing performance.Therefore,in this study,a model was proposed based on the material point method to estimate the stimulation of heterogeneous reservoir,and the J-integral was used to estimate the stimulated reservoir area and to evaluate the heterogeneity.The simulated in-situ differential stress field was compared with the microseismic detection results so as to verify the accuracy of the model.The results show that the calculation results of model considering the heterogeneity highly matched with the actual microseismic signals in the field;a higher J-integral curve fluctuation indicated a stronger heterogeneity of reservoir;15-stage hydraulic fracture stimulation is the most reasonable with the ratio of stimulated reservoir area as 0.87 and the growth rate less than 0.01;the fractures at the two wings of the heterogeneous reservoir were quite different,and they are different from the designed half-length of the fractures.
引文
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[2]郝世彦,李伟峰,郭春芬.超低渗浅层油藏水平井钻井技术难点与突破[J].中国石油勘探,2017,22(5):15-20.HAO Shiyan,LI Weifeng,GUO Chunfen.Technical difficulties and breakthroughs in drilling horizontal wells in shallow and ultra-low permeability reservoirs[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2017,22(5):15-20.
[3]杜书恒,庞姗,师永民.水力压裂缝动态非对称延伸过程数值模拟[J].油气地质与采收率,2018,25(4):106-114.DU Shuheng,PANG Shan,SHI Yongmin.Numerical simulation of dynamic asymmetric extension process in hydraulic fracturing[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2018,25(4):106-114.
[4]张子麟,席一凡,李明,等.裂缝性储层中复杂压裂缝网形成过程的数值模拟[J].油气地质与采收率,2018,25(2):109-114.ZHANG Zilin,XI Yifan,LI Ming,et al.Numerical simulation on the formation of complex fracture network in fractured reservoirs[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2018,25(2):109-114.
[5]刘向君,丁乙,罗平亚,等.天然裂缝对水力裂缝延伸的影响研究[J].特种油气藏,2018,25(2):148-153.LIU Xiangjun,DING Yi,LUO Pingya,et al.Influence of natural fracture on hydraulic fracture propagation[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2018,25(2):148-153.
[6]董杰,岳湘安,丁景辰.致密含水气藏产液评价模型及应用[J].特种油气藏,2018,25(1):90-94.DONG Jie,YUE Xiang’an,DING Jingchen.Evaluation model of liquid production and its application in tight water-bearing gas reservoir[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2018,25(1):90-94.
[7]冯国强,赵立强,卞晓冰,等.深层页岩气水平井多尺度裂缝压裂技术[J].石油钻探技术,2017,45(6):77-82.FENG Guoqiang,ZHAO Liqiang,BIAN Xiaobing,et al.Multiscale hydraulic fracturing of horizontal wells in deep shale gas plays[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2017,45(6):77-82.
[8]金成志,张玉广,尚立涛,等.致密气藏复杂裂缝压裂技术[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2018,37(1):154-158.JIN Chengzhi,ZHANG Yuguang,SHANG Litao,et al.Fracturing technique for the comprehensive crack in the tight gas reservoir[J].Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,2018,37(1):154-158.
[9]CHEN Y,WILKINS M.Numerical analysis of dynamic crack problems[J].Mechanics of Fracture,1977,4(12):295-345.
[10]MIEHE C,GüRSES E.A robust algorithm for configurationalforce-driven brittle crack propagation with r-adaptive mesh alignment[J].International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering,2007,72(2):127-155.
[11]XU X P,NEEDLEMAN A.Numerical simulations of fast crack growth in brittle solids[J].Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids,1994,42(9):1 397-1 434.
[12]BELYTSCHKO T,FISH J,ENGELMANN B E.A finite element with embedded localization zones[J].Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering,1988,70(1):59-89.
[13]魏旭,张永平,尚立涛,等.多段多簇压裂储层改造效果影响因素分析[J].油气地质与采收率,2018,25(2):96-102,114.WEI Xu,ZHANG Yongping,SHANG Litao,et al.Analysis of influencing factors of reservoir stimulation effect in multi-cluster staged fracturing[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2018,25(2):96-102,114.
[14]廉艳平,张帆,刘岩,等.物质点法的理论和应用[J].力学进展,2013,43(2):237-264.LIAN Yanping,ZHANG Fan,LIU Yan,et al.Material point method and its applications[J].Advances in Mechanics,2013,43(2):237-264.
[15]LIANG Yong,BENEDEK Tamas,ZHANG Xiong,et al.Material point method with enriched shape function for crack problems[J].Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering,2017,322:541-562.
[16]张雄,王天舒.计算动力学[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2007.ZHANG Xiong,WANG Tianshu.Computational dynamics[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2007.