干热河谷不同土壤水分下甜玉米灌浆期光合作用光响应特征
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摘要
为了阐明干热河谷甜玉米灌浆期叶片光合生理特征对光照和土壤水分的适应机制,明确其土壤水分阈值效应,本文采用大田人工给水结合自然耗水获得土壤水分梯度的方法,利用Li-6400光合测定系统测定分析不同土壤水分条件下甜玉米光合光响应特征。结果表明,不同土壤水分含量对甜玉米叶片光合光响应过程的影响不同。土壤含水量为13.88%～14.50%时,随着光合有效辐射强度(PAR)的增大,净光合速率(Pn)逐渐增大至光饱和点(1 787.48～2 000.00μmol/(m~2·s),之后Pn趋于稳定;土壤含水量为11.50%～12.69%时,Pn逐渐增大至光饱和点(1 154.74～1 488.08μmol/(m~2·s),之后Pn逐渐降低,出现光抑制现象,表明土壤水分含量不低于12.69%有利于提高干热河谷甜玉米光能利用率。各光合参数具有明显的水分临界效应,但各指标的水分临界值表现不同步,其中Pn、Tr和Gs水分饱和点分别为13.88%、14.04%和15.45%,叶片水分利用效率(WUE)最高点为11.50%。这表明,土壤含水量12.69%～13.88%为甜玉米高产高效水,此时甜玉米具有较高的光合能力、高效生理用水特性以及较高的光能利用效率,是干热河谷甜玉米高产高效节水管理的关键阈值。
The objective of this study is to elucidate the adaptive mechanism of photosynthetic characters of sweet corn leaves to light intensity and soil moisture at the filling stage, and consequently to identify the threshold effects of photosynthesis to soil moisture. Soil water gradients were obtained by the balances between water provision and water consumption in the field. A Li-6400 photosynthesis system was used to measure the light response of photosynthesis of sweet corn leaves under different soil water conditions. Under the soil moisture from 13.88% to 14.50%, the net photosynthetic rate(Pn) first increased to the light saturation points of Pn [1 787.48-2 000.00 μmol/(m~2·s)] and then became stable with increasing photosynthetic active radiation(PAR). While Pn first increased to the light saturation points of Pn[1 154.74-1 488.08 μmol/(m~2·s)] and then decreased with increasing PAR under the soil moisture range from 11.50% to 12.69%, photo-inhibition was observed in this range. Light energy use efficiency was improved, when the soil moisture was above 12.69%. Photosynthetic parameters had clear thresholds of soil moisture, but their thresholds were different. The water saturation points of Pn, Tr and Gs was 13.88%, 14.04% and 15.45%, respectively, and the water efficiency point of WUE was 11.50%. In conclusion, soil moisture range from 12.69% to 13.88% was classified as the intervals of high productivity and high efficiency. In this range, sweet corn had high photosynthetic capacity, efficient physiological characteristics for water consumption and high light energy use efficiency. This soil water content range met sweet corn production with high productivity and high efficiency in the dry-hot valley.
The objective of this study is to elucidate the adaptive mechanism of photosynthetic characters of sweet corn leaves to light intensity and soil moisture at the filling stage, and consequently to identify the threshold effects of photosynthesis to soil moisture. Soil water gradients were obtained by the balances between water provision and water consumption in the field. A Li-6400 photosynthesis system was used to measure the light response of photosynthesis of sweet corn leaves under different soil water conditions. Under the soil moisture from 13.88% to 14.50%, the net photosynthetic rate(Pn) first increased to the light saturation points of Pn [1 787.48-2 000.00 μmol/(m~2·s)] and then became stable with increasing photosynthetic active radiation(PAR). While Pn first increased to the light saturation points of Pn[1 154.74-1 488.08 μmol/(m~2·s)] and then decreased with increasing PAR under the soil moisture range from 11.50% to 12.69%, photo-inhibition was observed in this range. Light energy use efficiency was improved, when the soil moisture was above 12.69%. Photosynthetic parameters had clear thresholds of soil moisture, but their thresholds were different. The water saturation points of Pn, Tr and Gs was 13.88%, 14.04% and 15.45%, respectively, and the water efficiency point of WUE was 11.50%. In conclusion, soil moisture range from 12.69% to 13.88% was classified as the intervals of high productivity and high efficiency. In this range, sweet corn had high photosynthetic capacity, efficient physiological characteristics for water consumption and high light energy use efficiency. This soil water content range met sweet corn production with high productivity and high efficiency in the dry-hot valley.
引文
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[16]王海珍,韩路,徐雅丽,等.不同温度下灰胡杨叶片气孔导度对光强响应的模型分析[J].生态环境学报,2015,24(5):741-748.
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[19]陈建,张光灿,张淑勇,等.辽东楤木光合和蒸腾作用对光照和土壤水分的响应过程[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(6):1 185-1 190.
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[21]卜令铎,张仁和,常宇,等.苗期玉米叶片光合特性对水分胁迫的响应[J].生态学报,2010,30(5):1 184-1 191.
[22]冷平生,杨晓红,胡悦,等.5种园林树木的光合和蒸腾特性的研究[J].北京农学院学报,2000,34(3):316-320.
[23]孙旭生,林琪,赵长星,等.施氮量对超高产冬小麦灌浆期旗叶光响应曲线的影响[J].生态学报,2009,29(3):1 428-1 437.
[24]左应梅,陈秋波,邓权权,等.土壤水分、光照和空气湿度对木薯气孔导度的影响[J].生态学杂志,2011,30(4):689-693.
[25]张喜英,裴冬,由懋正.几种作物的生理指标对土壤水分变动的阈值反应[J].植物生态学报,2000,24(3):280-283.
[26]贺玉晓,赵丽,魏雅丽,等.水分胁迫下柱花草叶水势、光合及叶绿素荧光特性的变化特征[J].农业环境科学学报,2012,31(10):1 897-1 905.
[27]张仁和,郑友军,马国胜,等.干旱胁迫对玉米苗期叶片光合作用和保护酶的影响[J].生态学报,2011,31(5):1 303-1 311.
[2]Mielke M S,Oliva M A,Barros N F D,et al.Leaf gas exchange in a clonal eucalypt plantation as related to soil moisture,leaf water potential and microclimate variables[J].Trees,2000,14(5):263-270.
[3]裴斌,张光灿,张淑勇,等.土壤干旱胁迫对沙棘叶片光合作用和抗氧化酶活性的影响[J].生态学报,2013,33(5):1 386-1 396.
[4]Chen Z Y,Peng Z S,Yang J,et al.A mathematical model for describing light-response curves in Nicotiana tabacum L[J].Photosynthetica,2011,49(3):467-471.
[5]夏江宝,张光灿,刘刚,等.不同土壤水分条件下紫腾叶片生理参数的光响应[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(1):30-34.
[6]郎莹,汪明.春、夏季土壤水分对连翘光合作用的影响[J].生态学报,2015,35(9):3 043-3 051.
[7]夏宣宣,张淑勇,张光灿,等.黄土丘陵区土壤水分对黄刺玫叶片光响应特征参数的影响[J].生态学报,2016,36(16):5 142-5 149.
[8]夏江宝,张光灿,孙景宽,等.山杏叶片光合生理参数对土壤水分和光照强度的阈值效应[J].植物生态学报,2011,35(3):322-329.
[9]张淑勇,周泽福,张光灿,等.半干旱黄土丘陵区4种天然次生灌木光合生理和水分利用特征[J].林业科学,2008,44(12):140-146.
[10]李余良,郑锦荣,胡建广,等.广东甜玉米不同品种耐旱性鉴定试验[J].中国农学通报,2007,23(8):171-175.
[11]许大全.光合作用气孔限制分析中的一些问题[J].植物生理学报,1997,33(4):241-244.
[12]陈卫英,陈真勇,罗辅燕,等.光响应曲线的指数改进模型与常用模型比较[J].植物生态学报,2012,36(12):1 277-1 285.
[13]Valladares F,Pearcy R W.Interactions between water stress,sun-shade acclimation,heat tolerance and photoinhibition in the sclerophyll Heteromeles arbutifolia[J].Plant Cell and Environment,1997,20(1):25-36.
[14]孙艳,徐伟君,范爱丽.高温强光下水杨酸对黄瓜叶片叶绿素荧光和叶黄素循环的影响[J].应用生态学报,2006,17(3):399-402.
[15]杨广东,朱祝军,计玉妹.不同光强和缺镁胁迫对黄瓜叶片叶绿素荧光特性和活性氧产生的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2002,8(1):115-118.
[16]王海珍,韩路,徐雅丽,等.不同温度下灰胡杨叶片气孔导度对光强响应的模型分析[J].生态环境学报,2015,24(5):741-748.
[17]李合生.现代植物生理学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2002.
[18]Long S P,S Humphries A,Falkowski P G.Photoinhibition of photosynthesis in nature[J].Annual Review of Plant Biology,1994,45(1):633-662.
[19]陈建,张光灿,张淑勇,等.辽东楤木光合和蒸腾作用对光照和土壤水分的响应过程[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(6):1 185-1 190.
[20]许大全.光合作用效率[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2002.
[21]卜令铎,张仁和,常宇,等.苗期玉米叶片光合特性对水分胁迫的响应[J].生态学报,2010,30(5):1 184-1 191.
[22]冷平生,杨晓红,胡悦,等.5种园林树木的光合和蒸腾特性的研究[J].北京农学院学报,2000,34(3):316-320.
[23]孙旭生,林琪,赵长星,等.施氮量对超高产冬小麦灌浆期旗叶光响应曲线的影响[J].生态学报,2009,29(3):1 428-1 437.
[24]左应梅,陈秋波,邓权权,等.土壤水分、光照和空气湿度对木薯气孔导度的影响[J].生态学杂志,2011,30(4):689-693.
[25]张喜英,裴冬,由懋正.几种作物的生理指标对土壤水分变动的阈值反应[J].植物生态学报,2000,24(3):280-283.
[26]贺玉晓,赵丽,魏雅丽,等.水分胁迫下柱花草叶水势、光合及叶绿素荧光特性的变化特征[J].农业环境科学学报,2012,31(10):1 897-1 905.
[27]张仁和,郑友军,马国胜,等.干旱胁迫对玉米苗期叶片光合作用和保护酶的影响[J].生态学报,2011,31(5):1 303-1 311.