两种生产模式彩虹番石榴果实品质和产量比较
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摘要
【目的】通过比较一年三季果和一年两季果两种生产模式对彩虹番石榴果实品质、商品率、产量和产值的影响,为彩虹番石榴在闽南地区的推广种植提供参考。【方法】以福建漳州种植的3年生彩虹番石榴结果树为试验材料,采取一年三季果和一年两季果两种生产模式,比较2016—2018年两个连续生产周年两种生产模式各季采收的彩虹番石榴果实在品质、商品率、产量和产值等方面的差异。【结果】一年三季果模式的冬季果品质最好,秋季果和春季果的品质较差,一年两季果模式的晚秋果和早春果品质中等;除一年三季果模式的秋季果商品率低外,其余各季果实商品率均高于80%;一年三季果模式的两周年产量和产值分别为41.97、41.92 t/hm~2和26.90万、25.96万元/hm~2,一年两季果模式的两周年产量和产值分别为41.55、40.76 t/hm~2和25.34万、24.47万元/hm~2,虽然一年三季果模式产量和产值均略高于一年两季果模式,但其生产成本比一年两季果模式高出约3万元/hm~2,因此,一年两季果模式实际利润反而高于一年三季果模式。【结论】在闽南番石榴产区,彩虹番石榴适宜推广一年两季果生产模式。
【Objective】The effects of three-time-per-year fruiting production model(TH-T FPM) and two-time-per-year fruiting production model(TW-T FPM) on fruit quality, commodity rate, yield and output value of ‘Rainbow’ guava were compared in order to provide references for the promotion and plantation of ‘Rainbow’ guava in south Fujian.【Method】The 3-year-old ‘Rainbow’ guava trees planted in Zhangzhou, Fujian Province were used as the experimental material. Under the two production modes, the differences in quality, commodity rate, yield and output value of ‘Rainbow’ guava fruits harvested in each crop during the two consecutive production years from 2016 to 2018 were compared. 【Result】In terms of fruit quality, the fruits harvested in winter under the TH-T FPM were the best, followed by the fruits harvested in late autumn and early spring under the TW-T FPM. The quality of fruits harvested in autumn and spring under the TH-T FPM was poor. In terms of fruit commodity rate, the fruits harvested in other seasons were above 80% except that the fruits harvested in autumn under the TH-T FPM were low. The yield and output value of the TH-T FPM were 41.97 t/hm~2, 41.92 t/hm~2 and 269 000 yuan/hm~2, 259 600 yuan/hm~2, respectively, and yield and output value of the TW-T FPM were 41.55 t/hm~2, 40.76 t/hm~2 and 253 400 yuan/hm~2, 244 700 yuan/hm~2, respectively during the two consecutive production years. Although the yield and output value of the TH-T FPM were slightly higher than those of the TH-T FPM, the production cost of TH-T FPM were about 30 000 yuan/hm~2 higher than that of the TW-T FPM. Therefore, after deducting the production cost, the actual income of the TW-T FPM was higher than that of the TH-T FPM.【Conclusion】The two-timeper-year fruiting production model of ‘Rainbow’ guava is suitable for promotion in south Fujian.
【Objective】The effects of three-time-per-year fruiting production model(TH-T FPM) and two-time-per-year fruiting production model(TW-T FPM) on fruit quality, commodity rate, yield and output value of ‘Rainbow’ guava were compared in order to provide references for the promotion and plantation of ‘Rainbow’ guava in south Fujian.【Method】The 3-year-old ‘Rainbow’ guava trees planted in Zhangzhou, Fujian Province were used as the experimental material. Under the two production modes, the differences in quality, commodity rate, yield and output value of ‘Rainbow’ guava fruits harvested in each crop during the two consecutive production years from 2016 to 2018 were compared. 【Result】In terms of fruit quality, the fruits harvested in winter under the TH-T FPM were the best, followed by the fruits harvested in late autumn and early spring under the TW-T FPM. The quality of fruits harvested in autumn and spring under the TH-T FPM was poor. In terms of fruit commodity rate, the fruits harvested in other seasons were above 80% except that the fruits harvested in autumn under the TH-T FPM were low. The yield and output value of the TH-T FPM were 41.97 t/hm~2, 41.92 t/hm~2 and 269 000 yuan/hm~2, 259 600 yuan/hm~2, respectively, and yield and output value of the TW-T FPM were 41.55 t/hm~2, 40.76 t/hm~2 and 253 400 yuan/hm~2, 244 700 yuan/hm~2, respectively during the two consecutive production years. Although the yield and output value of the TH-T FPM were slightly higher than those of the TH-T FPM, the production cost of TH-T FPM were about 30 000 yuan/hm~2 higher than that of the TW-T FPM. Therefore, after deducting the production cost, the actual income of the TW-T FPM was higher than that of the TH-T FPM.【Conclusion】The two-timeper-year fruiting production model of ‘Rainbow’ guava is suitable for promotion in south Fujian.
引文
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[8]阮贤聪,徐仕金,陈绍辉.珍珠番石榴周年结果关键栽培技术[J].广东农业科学,2005,32(5):77.doi:10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2005.05.033.RUAN X C,XU S J,CHEN S H.Key cultivation techniques of Pearl Psidium guajava fruits all year round[J].Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,2005,32(5):77.doi:10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2005.05.033.
[9]苏章城,刘传滨,林晓娜,文志华,陈洁明,苏裕斌,林燕缄.台湾珍珠番石榴优质丰产栽培技术[J].中国南方果树,2007,36(1):34-36.doi:10.13938/j.issn.1007-1431.2007.01.019.SU Z C,LIU C B,LIN X N,WEN Z H,CHEN J M,SU Y B,LIN Y J.High quality and yield cultivation techniques of Taiwan Pearl Psidium guajava[J].South China Fruits,2007,36(1):34-36.doi:10.13938/j.issn.1007-1431.2007.01.019.
[10]郑加协,何炎森,翁锦周,赖正锋,吴松海.台湾珍珠番石榴优质高产栽培技术[J].中国热带农业,2008(2):58-59.ZHENG J X,HE Y S,WENG J Z,LAI Z F,WU S H.High quality and yield cultivation techniques of Taiwan Pearl Psidium guajava[J].China Tropical Agriculture,2008(2):58-59.
[11]钟思强,黄树长.番石榴的营养价值及其高效栽培技术[J].中国南方果树.2008,37(1):41-46.doi:10.13938/j.issn.1007-1431.2008.01.026.ZHONG S Q,HUANG S C.Nutritional value of Psidium guajava and its highly effective cultivation technology[J].South China Fruits,2008,37(1):41-46.doi:10.13938/j.issn.1007-1431.2008.01.026.
[12]薛卫东.珍珠番石榴标准化生产技术[J].中国南方果树,2011,40(6):73-75.doi:10.13938/j.issn.1007-1431.2011.06.032.XUE W D.Standardization production techniques for Pearl Psidium guajava[J].South China Fruits,2011,40(6):73-75.doi:10.13938/j.issn.1007-1431.2011.06.032.
[13]张朝坤,康月惠,郭国强.彩虹芭乐在漳州引种表现及其一年三季生产技术[J].东南园艺,2016(2):31-33.ZHANG C K,KANG Y H,GUO G Q.Introduction of rainbow Guava in Zhangzhou and its three crops a year technology[J].Southeast Horticulture,2016(2):31-33.
[14]林有兴.果树产期调节技术及其在热带果树上的应用[J].热带农业科技,2004,27(1):36-39,54.doi:10.16005/j.cnki.tast.2004.01.012.LIN Y X.Fruit maturity regulation of fruit trees and its applications in tropicall fruit trees[J].Tropical Agricultural Science Technology,2004,27(1):36-39,54.doi:10.16005/j.cnki.tast.2004.01.012.
[15]杜丽清,张秀梅,陆超忠.几种热带亚热带果树的产期调节[J].中国南方果树,2005,34(4):24-25,76.doi:10.13938/j.issn.1007-1431.2005.04.023.DU L Q,ZHANG X M,LU C Z.Fruit maturity regulationand of several tropical and subtropical fruit trees[J].South China Fruits,2005,34(4):24-25,76.doi:10.13938/j.issn.1007-1431.2005.04.023.
[16]周俊岸,黄国第.芒果开花调控应用研究进展[J].南方农业学报,2013,44(4):585-589.doi:10.3969/j:issn.2095-1191.2013.4.585.ZHOU J A,HUANG G D.Review on application of flowering regulation in Mango[J].Journal of Southern Agriculture,2013,44(4):585-589.doi:10.3969/j:issn.2095-1191.2013.4.585.
[17]PENG S X,LIN C M,CHEN Y H,LI J G.Studies on regulating the fruit maturation of AP Sweetsop[J].South China Fruits,2006,35(6):23-24.doi:10.13938/j.issn.1007-1431.2006.06.013.
[18]余东,陈志峰,魏秀清,章希娟,许玲,谢进枝,许家辉,刘波.福建莲雾产期安排及调节关键技术[J].中国南方果树,2012,42(3):99-100.doi:10.13938/j.issn.1007-1431.2013.03.037.YU D,CHEN Z F,WEI X Q,ZHANG X J,XU L,XIE J Z,XU J H,LIUB.Key techniques of fruit maturity arrangement and regulation for wax apple[J].South China Fruits,2012,42(3):99-100.doi:10.13938/j.issn.1007-1431.2013.03.037.
[19]雷锡榜,邢楚洪,旭宏.反季节番石榴花期调控技术试验[J].贵州农业科学,2007,35(2):40-41.LEI X B,XING C H,XU H.Experiment on regulation of flowering of off-season Psidium guajava[J].Guizhou Agricultural Sciences,2007,35(2):40-41.
[20]叶翰江,曾令达.不同时期修剪对珍珠番石榴成熟期及果实品质的影响[J].中国南方果树,2011,40(3):62-63.doi:10.13938/j.issn.1007-1431.2011.03.019.YE H J,ZENG L D.Effects of pruning in different mature period on fruit maturity and quality of Psidium guajava[J].South China Fruits,2011,40(3):62-63.doi:10.13938/j.issn.1007-1431.2011.03.019.
[21]钟思强,黄树长,廖冬晴.番石榴番花生产应用研究[J].中国南方果树,2012,41(2):103-104.doi:10.13938/j.issn.1007-1431.2012.02.035.ZHONG S Q,HUANG S C,LIAO D Q.Studies on production application of Psidium guajava[J].South China Fruits,2012,41(2):103-104.doi:10.13938/j.issn.1007-1431.2012.02.035.
[2]宁琳,陈豪君,潘祖健,何江.我国南亚热带地区番石榴种质资源保护现状[J].中国南方果树,2015,44(5):147-149.doi:10.13938/j.issn.1007-1431.20140650.NING L,CHEN H J,PAN Z J,HE J.Situation for Psidium guajava germplasm resource protection in subtropical region of Southern China[J].South China Fruits,2015,44(5):147-149.doi:10.13938/j.issn.1007-1431.20140650.
[3]陈洪彬,林毅雄,陈南泉,林福兴,林河通.番石榴果实采后生理和采后病害研究进展[J].包装与食品机械,2013,31(6):45-50.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1005-1295.2013.06.012.CHEN H B,LIN Y X,CHEN N Q,LIN F X,LIN H T.Advances in the studies on postharvest physiology and postharvest disease of Guava fruit[J].Packaging and Food Machinery,2013,31(6):45-50.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1005-1295.2013.06.012.
[4]王波,刘衡川.番石榴的降血糖作用研究[J].现代预防医学,2005,32(10):1293-1294.WANG B,LIU H C.Study on hypoglycemic effect of Psidium guajava[J].Modern Preventive Medicine,2005,32(10):1293-1294.
[5]吴建中,郭开平,陈静,杨爱华.番石榴多糖的降血糖作用研究[J].食品与机械,20 06,22(6):80-82.doi:10.13652/j.issn.1003-5788.2006.06.026.WU J Z,GUO K P,CHEN J,YANG A H.Study on hypoglycemic effect of polysaccharide from Guava[J].Food&Machinery,2006,22(6):80-82.doi:10.13652/j.issn.1003-5788.2006.06.026.
[6]阮贤聪,罗金棠.我国南亚热带地区番石榴产业发展现状和对策[J].中国园艺文摘,2010(9):52-52,57.RUAN X C,LUO J S.Status of development and countermeasure of Psidium guajava industry in subtropical region of Southern China[J].Chinese Horticultural Digest,2010(9):52-52,57.
[7]陈清西,王玉玲,蓝志福.台湾番石榴在漳州的适应性与配套栽培技术调查[J].中国农学通报,2004,20(6):219-223.CHEN Q X,WANG Y L,LAN Z F.The investigation of the adaptability of Taiwan Guava in Zhangzhou[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2004,20(6):219-223.
[8]阮贤聪,徐仕金,陈绍辉.珍珠番石榴周年结果关键栽培技术[J].广东农业科学,2005,32(5):77.doi:10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2005.05.033.RUAN X C,XU S J,CHEN S H.Key cultivation techniques of Pearl Psidium guajava fruits all year round[J].Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,2005,32(5):77.doi:10.16768/j.issn.1004-874X.2005.05.033.
[9]苏章城,刘传滨,林晓娜,文志华,陈洁明,苏裕斌,林燕缄.台湾珍珠番石榴优质丰产栽培技术[J].中国南方果树,2007,36(1):34-36.doi:10.13938/j.issn.1007-1431.2007.01.019.SU Z C,LIU C B,LIN X N,WEN Z H,CHEN J M,SU Y B,LIN Y J.High quality and yield cultivation techniques of Taiwan Pearl Psidium guajava[J].South China Fruits,2007,36(1):34-36.doi:10.13938/j.issn.1007-1431.2007.01.019.
[10]郑加协,何炎森,翁锦周,赖正锋,吴松海.台湾珍珠番石榴优质高产栽培技术[J].中国热带农业,2008(2):58-59.ZHENG J X,HE Y S,WENG J Z,LAI Z F,WU S H.High quality and yield cultivation techniques of Taiwan Pearl Psidium guajava[J].China Tropical Agriculture,2008(2):58-59.
[11]钟思强,黄树长.番石榴的营养价值及其高效栽培技术[J].中国南方果树.2008,37(1):41-46.doi:10.13938/j.issn.1007-1431.2008.01.026.ZHONG S Q,HUANG S C.Nutritional value of Psidium guajava and its highly effective cultivation technology[J].South China Fruits,2008,37(1):41-46.doi:10.13938/j.issn.1007-1431.2008.01.026.
[12]薛卫东.珍珠番石榴标准化生产技术[J].中国南方果树,2011,40(6):73-75.doi:10.13938/j.issn.1007-1431.2011.06.032.XUE W D.Standardization production techniques for Pearl Psidium guajava[J].South China Fruits,2011,40(6):73-75.doi:10.13938/j.issn.1007-1431.2011.06.032.
[13]张朝坤,康月惠,郭国强.彩虹芭乐在漳州引种表现及其一年三季生产技术[J].东南园艺,2016(2):31-33.ZHANG C K,KANG Y H,GUO G Q.Introduction of rainbow Guava in Zhangzhou and its three crops a year technology[J].Southeast Horticulture,2016(2):31-33.
[14]林有兴.果树产期调节技术及其在热带果树上的应用[J].热带农业科技,2004,27(1):36-39,54.doi:10.16005/j.cnki.tast.2004.01.012.LIN Y X.Fruit maturity regulation of fruit trees and its applications in tropicall fruit trees[J].Tropical Agricultural Science Technology,2004,27(1):36-39,54.doi:10.16005/j.cnki.tast.2004.01.012.
[15]杜丽清,张秀梅,陆超忠.几种热带亚热带果树的产期调节[J].中国南方果树,2005,34(4):24-25,76.doi:10.13938/j.issn.1007-1431.2005.04.023.DU L Q,ZHANG X M,LU C Z.Fruit maturity regulationand of several tropical and subtropical fruit trees[J].South China Fruits,2005,34(4):24-25,76.doi:10.13938/j.issn.1007-1431.2005.04.023.
[16]周俊岸,黄国第.芒果开花调控应用研究进展[J].南方农业学报,2013,44(4):585-589.doi:10.3969/j:issn.2095-1191.2013.4.585.ZHOU J A,HUANG G D.Review on application of flowering regulation in Mango[J].Journal of Southern Agriculture,2013,44(4):585-589.doi:10.3969/j:issn.2095-1191.2013.4.585.
[17]PENG S X,LIN C M,CHEN Y H,LI J G.Studies on regulating the fruit maturation of AP Sweetsop[J].South China Fruits,2006,35(6):23-24.doi:10.13938/j.issn.1007-1431.2006.06.013.
[18]余东,陈志峰,魏秀清,章希娟,许玲,谢进枝,许家辉,刘波.福建莲雾产期安排及调节关键技术[J].中国南方果树,2012,42(3):99-100.doi:10.13938/j.issn.1007-1431.2013.03.037.YU D,CHEN Z F,WEI X Q,ZHANG X J,XU L,XIE J Z,XU J H,LIUB.Key techniques of fruit maturity arrangement and regulation for wax apple[J].South China Fruits,2012,42(3):99-100.doi:10.13938/j.issn.1007-1431.2013.03.037.
[19]雷锡榜,邢楚洪,旭宏.反季节番石榴花期调控技术试验[J].贵州农业科学,2007,35(2):40-41.LEI X B,XING C H,XU H.Experiment on regulation of flowering of off-season Psidium guajava[J].Guizhou Agricultural Sciences,2007,35(2):40-41.
[20]叶翰江,曾令达.不同时期修剪对珍珠番石榴成熟期及果实品质的影响[J].中国南方果树,2011,40(3):62-63.doi:10.13938/j.issn.1007-1431.2011.03.019.YE H J,ZENG L D.Effects of pruning in different mature period on fruit maturity and quality of Psidium guajava[J].South China Fruits,2011,40(3):62-63.doi:10.13938/j.issn.1007-1431.2011.03.019.
[21]钟思强,黄树长,廖冬晴.番石榴番花生产应用研究[J].中国南方果树,2012,41(2):103-104.doi:10.13938/j.issn.1007-1431.2012.02.035.ZHONG S Q,HUANG S C,LIAO D Q.Studies on production application of Psidium guajava[J].South China Fruits,2012,41(2):103-104.doi:10.13938/j.issn.1007-1431.2012.02.035.