不同改良剂对水稻土壤Cd污染的修复研究
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摘要
为探究不同的有机物料作为改良剂的改良效果,将它们施入Cd污染的盆栽水稻土中,研究其土壤中有效态Cd的钝化效果。在盆栽条件下,采用不同的有机物料(煅烧贝壳粉、未煅烧贝壳粉、木薯发酵渣、植物源有机肥)和生石灰"、田师傅"钝化剂为改良材料,在有机物料间进行单施、配施,研究各处理对水稻根系、秸秆和糙米等不同器官中Cd含量影响和土壤Cd化合态的变化。结果表明:与CK组对比,发现施用煅烧贝壳粉1.5%+有机肥1.5%的处理显著提高土壤pH值,提高幅度为17.42%,同时显著降低了糙米Cd含量,降幅为49.04%;煅烧贝壳粉1.5%单施显著降低了秸秆Cd含量,降幅为93.8%;未煅烧贝壳粉1.5%使根系Cd含量显著下降,降幅达54.2%;在降低土壤中有效态Cd含量方面,只有"田师傅"钝化剂效果显著,其他有机物料的效果不显著。煅烧贝壳粉和植物源有机肥提高土壤pH值效果明显;两者配施可提高土壤pH值和降低糙米Cd含量,其效用高于单施处理;单施贝壳粉处理可显著降低秸秆、根系Cd含量,其效用高于配施处理。
To explore the improvement effect of different organic materials used as ameliorant, we added them to the pot paddy soil contaminated by Cd, to study their passivation effect on available Cd in soil. Under pot condition, we used different organic materials(calcined shell powder, shell powder without calcination,fermented cassava dregs, plant-derived organic fertilizer) and lime and"Tianshifu"passivator, to conduct single and combined application, and analyze their effects on Cd content in rice root system, straw and brown rice and the change of soil Cd combining state. The results showed that compared with CK, the pH value of soil treated with calcined shell powder 1.5% + organic fertilizer 1.5% significantly increased by 17.42%. At the same time, Cd content in brown rice decreased significantly by 49.04%. Single application of calcined shell powder 1.5% reduced Cd content of straw significantly by 93.8%, Cd content in roots decreased significantly by54.2% with the application of shell powder without calcination 1.5%. In reducing the content of available Cd in soil, only"Tianshifu"passivator had significant effect, and the effect of other organic material was not significant. The effect of calcined shell powder and plant-source organic fertilizer on increasing the pH value of soil was obvious; the combination application of the two could improve the pH value of soil and decrease the content of Cd in brown rice, and the effect was better than that of single application; single application of shell powder could significantly reduce the content of Cd in straw and root system, and its effect was better than that of combined application.
To explore the improvement effect of different organic materials used as ameliorant, we added them to the pot paddy soil contaminated by Cd, to study their passivation effect on available Cd in soil. Under pot condition, we used different organic materials(calcined shell powder, shell powder without calcination,fermented cassava dregs, plant-derived organic fertilizer) and lime and"Tianshifu"passivator, to conduct single and combined application, and analyze their effects on Cd content in rice root system, straw and brown rice and the change of soil Cd combining state. The results showed that compared with CK, the pH value of soil treated with calcined shell powder 1.5% + organic fertilizer 1.5% significantly increased by 17.42%. At the same time, Cd content in brown rice decreased significantly by 49.04%. Single application of calcined shell powder 1.5% reduced Cd content of straw significantly by 93.8%, Cd content in roots decreased significantly by54.2% with the application of shell powder without calcination 1.5%. In reducing the content of available Cd in soil, only"Tianshifu"passivator had significant effect, and the effect of other organic material was not significant. The effect of calcined shell powder and plant-source organic fertilizer on increasing the pH value of soil was obvious; the combination application of the two could improve the pH value of soil and decrease the content of Cd in brown rice, and the effect was better than that of single application; single application of shell powder could significantly reduce the content of Cd in straw and root system, and its effect was better than that of combined application.
引文
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[10]高山,陈建斌,土果,等.有机物料对稻作与非稻作土壤外源福形态的影响研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2004,12(1):95-98.
[11]董宁宇,陈中敏,宋丽娜,等.施用石灰和有机物质对酸性镉污染土壤的改良效果及其影响因素[J].农业环境科学学报,2008,27(2):590-595.
[12]郑茂波.钙离子对烟草富集镉量的影响研究[J].黑龙江大学工程学报,2005,32(2):86-88.
[13]林鸾芳,王昌全,李冰,等.秸秆还田下改良剂对水稻生长和Cd吸收积累的影响[J].生态环境学报,2014(9):1492-1497.
[14]杨兰,李冰,王昌全,等,牛粪配合无机改良剂对稻田土壤Cd赋存形态及生物有效性的影响[J].生态与农村环境学报,2016,32(4):651-658.
[15]丁凌云,蓝崇钰,林建平,等.不同改良剂对重金属污染农田水稻产量和重金属吸收的影响[J].生态环境,2006,15(6):1204-1208.
[16]彭星辉,谢晓阳.稻田镉(Cd)污染的土壤修复技术研究进展[J].湖南农业科学,2007,(2):67-69.
[17]董海霞,赵明柳,唐守寅,等.石灰对土壤中Cd和Zn形态及对水稻有效性的影响[J].江苏农业学报,2016,32(6):1320-1328.
[18]陈小龙,高旭.磷酸盐对污染土壤中Pb·Cd·Zn的钝化效果[J].安徽农业科学,2017,45(10):63-66.
[19]黄涓,刘昭兵,谢运河,等.土壤中Cd形态及生物有效性研究进展[J].湖南农业科学,2013(17):56-61.
[20]梁学峰,徐应明,王林,等.天然黏土联合磷肥对农田土壤镉铅污染原位钝化修复效应研究[J].环境科学学报,2011,31(5):1011-1018.
[21]范美蓉,罗蓉,廖育林,等.赤泥对重金属污染稻田土壤Pb、Zn和Cd的修复效应研究[J].安徽农业科学,2012,40(6):3298-3300.
[22]王艳红,李盟军,唐明灯,等.稻壳基生物炭对生菜Cd吸收及土壤养分的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2015(2):207-214.
[2]顾继光,周启星,王新.土壤重金属污染的治理途径及其研究进展[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,2003,11(2):143-151.
[3]余国莹,吴玉树.不同化合形态镉,锌及其复合污染对小麦生理的影响[J].生态学报,1992,12(1):93-96.
[4]程旺大,姚海根,吴伟,等.土壤-水稻体系中的重金属污染及其控制[J].中国农业科技导报,2005,7(4):51-54.
[5]Tessier A,Campbell P G C,Bisson M.Sequential Extraction Procedure for the Speciation of Particulate Trace Metals[J].Analytica Chemistry,1979,7(51):844-853.
[6]王一志,曹雪莹,谭长银,等.不同土壤pH对红壤稻田镉形态及水稻镉积累的影响[J].湖南师范大学自然科学学报,2017,40(1):10-16.
[7]钟倩云,曾敏,廖柏寒,等.碳酸钙对水稻吸收重金属(Pb、Cd、Zn)和As的影响[J].生态学报,2015,35(4):1242-1248.
[8]张丽,侯萌瑶,安毅,等.生物炭对水稻根际微域土壤Cd生物有效性及水稻Cd含量的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,36(4):665-671.
[9]迟荪琳,徐卫红,熊仕娟,等.不同镉水平下纳米沸石对土壤pH、CEC及Cd形态的影响[J].环境科学,2017,38(4):1654-1666.
[10]高山,陈建斌,土果,等.有机物料对稻作与非稻作土壤外源福形态的影响研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2004,12(1):95-98.
[11]董宁宇,陈中敏,宋丽娜,等.施用石灰和有机物质对酸性镉污染土壤的改良效果及其影响因素[J].农业环境科学学报,2008,27(2):590-595.
[12]郑茂波.钙离子对烟草富集镉量的影响研究[J].黑龙江大学工程学报,2005,32(2):86-88.
[13]林鸾芳,王昌全,李冰,等.秸秆还田下改良剂对水稻生长和Cd吸收积累的影响[J].生态环境学报,2014(9):1492-1497.
[14]杨兰,李冰,王昌全,等,牛粪配合无机改良剂对稻田土壤Cd赋存形态及生物有效性的影响[J].生态与农村环境学报,2016,32(4):651-658.
[15]丁凌云,蓝崇钰,林建平,等.不同改良剂对重金属污染农田水稻产量和重金属吸收的影响[J].生态环境,2006,15(6):1204-1208.
[16]彭星辉,谢晓阳.稻田镉(Cd)污染的土壤修复技术研究进展[J].湖南农业科学,2007,(2):67-69.
[17]董海霞,赵明柳,唐守寅,等.石灰对土壤中Cd和Zn形态及对水稻有效性的影响[J].江苏农业学报,2016,32(6):1320-1328.
[18]陈小龙,高旭.磷酸盐对污染土壤中Pb·Cd·Zn的钝化效果[J].安徽农业科学,2017,45(10):63-66.
[19]黄涓,刘昭兵,谢运河,等.土壤中Cd形态及生物有效性研究进展[J].湖南农业科学,2013(17):56-61.
[20]梁学峰,徐应明,王林,等.天然黏土联合磷肥对农田土壤镉铅污染原位钝化修复效应研究[J].环境科学学报,2011,31(5):1011-1018.
[21]范美蓉,罗蓉,廖育林,等.赤泥对重金属污染稻田土壤Pb、Zn和Cd的修复效应研究[J].安徽农业科学,2012,40(6):3298-3300.
[22]王艳红,李盟军,唐明灯,等.稻壳基生物炭对生菜Cd吸收及土壤养分的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2015(2):207-214.