2016—2017年南通市高温中暑流行病学特征分析
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摘要
目的描述南通市2016—2017年高温中暑流行病学特征,为制定高温中暑的预防和控制措施提供参考依据。方法收集中国疾病预防控制信息系统中2016—2017年南通市高温中暑病例报告,采用SPSS 20.0对数据进行整理和分析。结果南通市2016—2017年共报告高温中暑145例,其中轻症中暑占53.79%(78/145),重症中暑占46.21%(67/145);死亡4例,均为重症中暑,病死率为2.76%(4/145),死亡病例3例为农民(户外作业),1例为居家老人(99岁)。男性高温中暑73例(50.34%),女性72例(49.66%);男性重症中暑35例(47.95%),女性32例(44.44%);不同性别高温中暑程度的差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.179,P=0.672)。高温中暑平均年龄为(68.25±18.08)岁,男性(67.01±16.77)岁低于女性(69.50±19.34)岁,不同性别高温中暑年龄差异无统计学意义(t=-0.827,P=0.409)。70岁~、80岁~年龄组高温中暑占比最多,占49.66%;其中男性80~岁年龄组占比最多(27.40%,20/73),女性80~岁年龄组占比最多(25.0%,18/72)。按年龄组分层分析,40~岁年龄组的不同性别高温中暑程度的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。南通市高温中暑病例集中发生在7—8月,占97.93%(142/145);其中7月占82.76%(120/145)。结论南通市高温中暑好发于7月,轻症中暑比重症中暑病例稍多,性别与高温中暑关系不大,相比其他年龄段,80~岁年龄组的老年人为高温中暑易发人群,应加强对老年人高温中暑的预警和急救。
Objectives To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of heatstroke in Nantong in 2016 to 2017 and to provide a reference for control prevention and measures such disease.Method The reported data on the heatstroke in Nantong in 2016 to 2017 were collected from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention,and the data were summarized and analyzed by SPSS 20.0.Results A total of 145 heatstroke cases were reported in Nantong in 2016 to 2017,among which 78 cases( 53.79%) were mild heatstroke and 67 cases( 46.21%) were severe heatstroke.Four in 145 cases( 2.76%) were died of severe heatstroke; three of them were farmers( working outdoors) and one was a 99 year-old elderly living at home.There were 73( 50.34%) male heatstroke cases,and 35( 47.95%) of them were suffered from severe heatstroke.There were 72( 49.66%) female heatstroke cases,and 32( 44.44%) of them were suffered from severe heatstroke.No significant difference was observed between male and female( χ~2= 0.179,P = 0.672).The mean age of heatstroke cases was 68.25 ± 18.08 years,which were 67.01 ± 16.77 in male and 69.50 ± 19.34 in female; no significant difference was observed between the male and female( t =-0.827,P = 0.409).Most of heatstroke cases were in their seventies or eighties( 49.66%); in 80 ~ year-old group,27.40%( 20/73) of males and 25.0%( 18/72) of females experienced heatstroke.The severity of heatstroke was different significantly( P < 0.05) between male and female in their forties.Most of heatstroke cases occurred in July to August( 97.93%,142/145),particularly in July( 82.76%,120/145).Conclusions Heatstroke is usually occurred in July in Nantong,and mild heatstroke is slightly higher than severe heatstroke.Gender has little to do with heatstroke.The elders in their eighties are susceptible to heatstroke.Warning the risk of heatstroke and emergency treatment of severe heatstroke for old people should be strengthened.
Objectives To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of heatstroke in Nantong in 2016 to 2017 and to provide a reference for control prevention and measures such disease.Method The reported data on the heatstroke in Nantong in 2016 to 2017 were collected from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention,and the data were summarized and analyzed by SPSS 20.0.Results A total of 145 heatstroke cases were reported in Nantong in 2016 to 2017,among which 78 cases( 53.79%) were mild heatstroke and 67 cases( 46.21%) were severe heatstroke.Four in 145 cases( 2.76%) were died of severe heatstroke; three of them were farmers( working outdoors) and one was a 99 year-old elderly living at home.There were 73( 50.34%) male heatstroke cases,and 35( 47.95%) of them were suffered from severe heatstroke.There were 72( 49.66%) female heatstroke cases,and 32( 44.44%) of them were suffered from severe heatstroke.No significant difference was observed between male and female( χ~2= 0.179,P = 0.672).The mean age of heatstroke cases was 68.25 ± 18.08 years,which were 67.01 ± 16.77 in male and 69.50 ± 19.34 in female; no significant difference was observed between the male and female( t =-0.827,P = 0.409).Most of heatstroke cases were in their seventies or eighties( 49.66%); in 80 ~ year-old group,27.40%( 20/73) of males and 25.0%( 18/72) of females experienced heatstroke.The severity of heatstroke was different significantly( P < 0.05) between male and female in their forties.Most of heatstroke cases occurred in July to August( 97.93%,142/145),particularly in July( 82.76%,120/145).Conclusions Heatstroke is usually occurred in July in Nantong,and mild heatstroke is slightly higher than severe heatstroke.Gender has little to do with heatstroke.The elders in their eighties are susceptible to heatstroke.Warning the risk of heatstroke and emergency treatment of severe heatstroke for old people should be strengthened.
引文
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[7]Semenza JC,Rubin CH,Falter KH,et al.Heat-related deaths during the July 1995 heat wave in Chicago[J].New Engl J Med,1996,335(2):84-90.
[8]周贵珍,严寒,袁红.2013年上海市嘉定区高温中暑病例分析[J].上海预防医学,2014,26(11):614-616.
[9]杨宏青,陈正洪,刘建安,等.武汉市中暑发病的流行病学分析及统计预报模型的建立[J].湖北中医学院学报,2000,2(3):51-52,62.(In English:Yang HQ,Chen ZH,Liu JA,et al.Epidemiological analysis on heat invasion and establishment of its statistical forecast model in Wuhan[J].J Hubei Coll Tradit Chin Med,2000,2(3):51-52,62.)
[10]刘建军,郑有飞,吴荣军.热浪灾害对人体健康的影响及其方法研究[J].自然灾害学报,2008,17(1):151-156.(In English:Liu JJ,Zheng YF,Wu RJ.Impacts of heat waves disaster on human health and its research method[J].J Nat Dis,2008,17(1):151-156.)
[11]谭晓风,丁颖,于晓华.中暑预防的研究进展[J].东南国防医药,2009,11(6):530-533.(In English:Tan XF,Ding Y,Yu XH.Progress on the prevention of heatstroke[J].J Southeast China Nat Def Med Sci,2009,11(6):530-533.)
[12]苏晓雯.中暑的预防和现场救护[J].现代医药卫生,2011,27(16):2512-2513.
[2]中国疾病预防控制中心.公众高温中暑预防与紧急处理指南(2014版)[J].中国实用乡村医生杂志,2015,22(11):1-3.
[3]谈建国,宋桂香,郑有飞.1998和2003年上海市夏季人群死亡分析[J].环境与健康杂志,2006,23(6):486-488.(In English:Tan JG,Song GX,Zheng YF.Heat waves and related mortality in Shanghai in 1998 and 2003[J].J Environ Health,2006,23(6):486-488.)
[4]叶殿秀,尹继福,陈正洪,等.1961—2010年我国夏季高温热浪的时空变化特征[J].气候变化研究进展,2013,9(1):15-20.
[5]陈辉,黄卓,田华,等.高温中暑气象等级评定方法[J].应用气象学报,2009,20(4):451-457.(In English:Chen H,Huang Z,Tian H,et al.An evaluation method of heatstroke grade with meteorological approaches[J].J Appl Meteor Sci,2009,20(4):451-457.)
[6]董晨,许慧慧,金奇昂,等.2009—2010年上海市居民中暑死亡病例特征分析[J].环境与职业医学,2012,29(12):763-766.(In English:Dong C,Xu HH,Jin QA,et al.Characteristics of deaths from heat stroke in residents of Shanghai,2009-2010[J].J Environ Occup Med,2012,29(12):763-766.)
[7]Semenza JC,Rubin CH,Falter KH,et al.Heat-related deaths during the July 1995 heat wave in Chicago[J].New Engl J Med,1996,335(2):84-90.
[8]周贵珍,严寒,袁红.2013年上海市嘉定区高温中暑病例分析[J].上海预防医学,2014,26(11):614-616.
[9]杨宏青,陈正洪,刘建安,等.武汉市中暑发病的流行病学分析及统计预报模型的建立[J].湖北中医学院学报,2000,2(3):51-52,62.(In English:Yang HQ,Chen ZH,Liu JA,et al.Epidemiological analysis on heat invasion and establishment of its statistical forecast model in Wuhan[J].J Hubei Coll Tradit Chin Med,2000,2(3):51-52,62.)
[10]刘建军,郑有飞,吴荣军.热浪灾害对人体健康的影响及其方法研究[J].自然灾害学报,2008,17(1):151-156.(In English:Liu JJ,Zheng YF,Wu RJ.Impacts of heat waves disaster on human health and its research method[J].J Nat Dis,2008,17(1):151-156.)
[11]谭晓风,丁颖,于晓华.中暑预防的研究进展[J].东南国防医药,2009,11(6):530-533.(In English:Tan XF,Ding Y,Yu XH.Progress on the prevention of heatstroke[J].J Southeast China Nat Def Med Sci,2009,11(6):530-533.)
[12]苏晓雯.中暑的预防和现场救护[J].现代医药卫生,2011,27(16):2512-2513.