茶小绿叶蝉危害乌龙茶茶树品种的挥发物分析
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摘要
为明确茶小绿叶蝉危害不同抗性茶树品种后挥发物的变化,从而为抗虫茶树品种的选育提供依据,本研究选择小绿叶蝉危害虫口密度最大和最小的乌龙茶茶树品种肉桂和铁观音为材料,以GC-MS为研究手段,进行茶树组成型和虫害诱导型挥发物的测定和分析。结果表明,邻异丙基苯甲烷、?-罗勒烯、反式-?-罗勒烯、?-法呢烯、?-萜品烯和3-甲基-2-环己烯-1-酮为铁观音和肉桂的主要组成型挥发物成分。2个品种在健康茶树挥发物的成分组成和各组分的含量上都存在差异。芳樟醇只在铁观音的健康茶梢中被检测到,而十三(碳)烷、乙酸辛酯、十六烷和雪松醇只在肉桂的健康茶梢上检测到。?-月桂烯、?-罗勒烯、反式-?-罗勒烯和?-法呢烯在铁观音上的含量远远大于肉桂。另一方面,茶树受小绿叶蝉危害一段时间后,铁观音和肉桂在挥发物组成和含量上产生了较大的变化。二者都释放大量的?-月桂烯、?-罗勒烯、反式-?-罗勒烯、?-法呢烯和芳樟醇,在危害4 h和8 h的挥发物测定中,2个品种的这些成分较危害前的增加量从1.49倍到41.22倍。此外,茶小绿叶蝉的危害还诱导了新的挥发物的产生,包括(Z)-丁酸-3-己烯酯、癸醛、吲哚、己酸-3-己烯酯和苯乙醇。(Z)-丁酸-3-己烯酯、癸醛、吲哚、己酸-3-己烯酯、苯乙醇、?-月桂烯、?-罗勒烯、反式-?-罗勒烯、?-法呢烯和芳樟醇,这10种挥发性物质可能跟茶树的诱导抗性和铁观音的抗虫性有关。
The changes of tea plant volatiles induced by tea green leafhopper Empoasca sp. were determined to provide basis for breeding of resistant tea varieties. Based on the field observation of Empoasca sp. on different tea varieties from Fujian province, Rougui and Tieguanyin were found to have the highest population density and the lowest population density of Empoasca sp. respectively, and selected as the research materials in this paper. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometer(GC-MS) was used to determine and analyze constitutive volatiles of tea and induced volatiles by Empoasca sp. The results showed that P-Cymene, beta.-Ocimene, Trans.-beta.-Ocimene, alpha.-Farnesene, gamma.-Terpineneand and 3-Methyl-3-cyclohexen-1-one were the main constituent volatiles of Tieguanyin and Rougui. The 1,6-Octadien-3-ol, 3,7-dimethyl-was detected only in the health shoots of Tieguanyin, while Tridecane, Acetic acid octyl ester, Hexadecane and Cedrol were be detected only in Rougui. The content of beta.-Myrcene, beta.-Ocimene, Trans.-beta.-Ocimene, alpha.-Farnesene and 1,6-Octadien-3-ol, 3,7-dimethyl were far higher than that of Rougui. In combination with other literature, it is inferred that these volatile chemicals possibly resulted in the significant difference in the population density of Empoasca sp. between Tieguanyin and Rougui. After a period of damage by Empoasca sp., the composition and content of volatiles in Tieguanyin and Rougui changed greatly. Both of them released large amounts of beta.-Myrcene, beta.-Ocimene, Trans.-beta.-Ocimene and alpha.-Farnesene, the contents of these chemicals largely increased in 4 h and 8 h damage treatments with Empoasca sp. ranged from 1.49 to 41.22 times than them released from health tea shoots. In addition, Empoasca sp. feeding also induced new volatile chemical including(Z)-Butanoic acid 3-hexenyl ester, Decanal, Indole, Hexanoicacid 3-hexenyl ester, and phenylethyl alcohol. The 10 volatile chemicals mentioned above may be related to the induced resistance of tea plant and the resistance of Tieguanyin against to Empoasca sp.
The changes of tea plant volatiles induced by tea green leafhopper Empoasca sp. were determined to provide basis for breeding of resistant tea varieties. Based on the field observation of Empoasca sp. on different tea varieties from Fujian province, Rougui and Tieguanyin were found to have the highest population density and the lowest population density of Empoasca sp. respectively, and selected as the research materials in this paper. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometer(GC-MS) was used to determine and analyze constitutive volatiles of tea and induced volatiles by Empoasca sp. The results showed that P-Cymene, beta.-Ocimene, Trans.-beta.-Ocimene, alpha.-Farnesene, gamma.-Terpineneand and 3-Methyl-3-cyclohexen-1-one were the main constituent volatiles of Tieguanyin and Rougui. The 1,6-Octadien-3-ol, 3,7-dimethyl-was detected only in the health shoots of Tieguanyin, while Tridecane, Acetic acid octyl ester, Hexadecane and Cedrol were be detected only in Rougui. The content of beta.-Myrcene, beta.-Ocimene, Trans.-beta.-Ocimene, alpha.-Farnesene and 1,6-Octadien-3-ol, 3,7-dimethyl were far higher than that of Rougui. In combination with other literature, it is inferred that these volatile chemicals possibly resulted in the significant difference in the population density of Empoasca sp. between Tieguanyin and Rougui. After a period of damage by Empoasca sp., the composition and content of volatiles in Tieguanyin and Rougui changed greatly. Both of them released large amounts of beta.-Myrcene, beta.-Ocimene, Trans.-beta.-Ocimene and alpha.-Farnesene, the contents of these chemicals largely increased in 4 h and 8 h damage treatments with Empoasca sp. ranged from 1.49 to 41.22 times than them released from health tea shoots. In addition, Empoasca sp. feeding also induced new volatile chemical including(Z)-Butanoic acid 3-hexenyl ester, Decanal, Indole, Hexanoicacid 3-hexenyl ester, and phenylethyl alcohol. The 10 volatile chemicals mentioned above may be related to the induced resistance of tea plant and the resistance of Tieguanyin against to Empoasca sp.
引文
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[11]Mei X,Liu X Y,Zhou Y.et al.Formation and emission of linalool in tea(Camellia sinensis)leaves infested by tea green leafhopper(Empoasca(Matsumurasca)onukii Matsuda)[J].Food Chemistry,2017,237:356-363.
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[15]韩善捷,潘铖,韩宝瑜.假眼小绿叶蝉为害致茶梢挥发物变化及其引诱微小裂骨缨小蜂效应[J].中国生物防治学报,2016,32(2):142-148.
[16]穆丹.茶树挥发性信息素调控假眼小绿叶蝉及叶蝉三棒缨小蜂行为的功效[D].杭州:中国农业科学院,2011.
[17]王国昌.三种害虫诱导茶树挥发物的生态功能[D].杭州:中国农业科学院,2010.
[18]刘亚丽.蚜虫、粉虱侵染前后黄瓜挥发性物质及可溶性糖的变化[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2014.
[19]Zeng L T,Liao Y Y,Li J L,et al.α-Farnesene and ocimene induce metabolite changes by volatile signaling in neighboring tea(Camellia sinensis)plants[J].Plant Science,2017,264:29-36.
[20]Dong F,Yang Z Y,Baldermann S,et al.Watanabe,Herbivore-induced volatiles from tea(Camellia sinensis)plants and their involvement in intraplant communication and changes in endogenous nonvolatile metabolites[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2011,59:13131-13135.
[21]刘武,阮颖,刘春林.植物防御信号分子β-罗勒烯的研究进展[J].植物生理学报,2012,48(2):103-110.
[22]Widhalm J R,Jaini R,Morgan J A,et al.Rethinking how volatiles are released from plant cells[J].Trends in Plant Science,2015,20:545-550.
[2]谢辉,王燕,刘银泉,等.植物组成型防御对植食性昆虫的影响[J].植物保护,2012,38(1):1-5.
[3]Hare J D.Ecological role of volatile produced by plants in response to damage by herbivorous insects[J].Annual Review of Entomology,2011,56:161-180.
[4]蔡晓明.三种茶树害虫诱导茶树挥发物的释放规律[D].杭州:中国农业科学院,2009.
[5]Niederbacher B,Winkler J B,Schnitzler J P.Volatile organic compounds as non-invasive markers for plant phenotyping[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,2015,66(18):5403-5416.
[6]张海峰,陈梅春,刘波,等.基于SPME-GC-MS的四季桂花和枝叶挥发性物质测定[J].食品安全质量检测学报,2014,5(10):3110-3116.
[7]Svetlana T,Ramesh B,Uri K.Comparison of electrospray LC-MS,LC-MS with Cold EI and GC-MS with Cold EI for sample identification[J/OL].International Journal of Mass Spectrometry,2017,10.1016/j.ijms.2017.09.006
[8]王蔚,吴满容,张思校,等.茶小绿叶蝉在福建省茶树品种上的选择机制初探[J].河南农业科学,2016,45(4):80-84.
[9]张篷军.植物对专性植食者的组成抗性和诱导抗性的平衡调节机制[D].杭州:浙江大学,2007.
[10]Liu J,Zhu J W,Zhang P J,et al.Silicon supplementation alters the composition of herbivore induced plant volatiles and enhances attraction of parasitoids to infested rice plants[J].Frontier in Plant Science,2017,8:1265-1272.
[11]Mei X,Liu X Y,Zhou Y.et al.Formation and emission of linalool in tea(Camellia sinensis)leaves infested by tea green leafhopper(Empoasca(Matsumurasca)onukii Matsuda)[J].Food Chemistry,2017,237:356-363.
[12]郭井菲.亚洲玉米螟取食玉米产生的诱导抗性机制研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2017.
[13]向玉勇,刘同先,张世泽.植物挥发物在植食性昆虫寄主选择行为中的作用及应用[J].安徽农业科学,2015,43(28):92-94,183.
[14]王梦馨,李辉仙,武文竹,等.假眼小绿叶蝉对茶梢挥发物的行为反应[J].应用昆虫学报,2016,53(3):507-515.
[15]韩善捷,潘铖,韩宝瑜.假眼小绿叶蝉为害致茶梢挥发物变化及其引诱微小裂骨缨小蜂效应[J].中国生物防治学报,2016,32(2):142-148.
[16]穆丹.茶树挥发性信息素调控假眼小绿叶蝉及叶蝉三棒缨小蜂行为的功效[D].杭州:中国农业科学院,2011.
[17]王国昌.三种害虫诱导茶树挥发物的生态功能[D].杭州:中国农业科学院,2010.
[18]刘亚丽.蚜虫、粉虱侵染前后黄瓜挥发性物质及可溶性糖的变化[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2014.
[19]Zeng L T,Liao Y Y,Li J L,et al.α-Farnesene and ocimene induce metabolite changes by volatile signaling in neighboring tea(Camellia sinensis)plants[J].Plant Science,2017,264:29-36.
[20]Dong F,Yang Z Y,Baldermann S,et al.Watanabe,Herbivore-induced volatiles from tea(Camellia sinensis)plants and their involvement in intraplant communication and changes in endogenous nonvolatile metabolites[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2011,59:13131-13135.
[21]刘武,阮颖,刘春林.植物防御信号分子β-罗勒烯的研究进展[J].植物生理学报,2012,48(2):103-110.
[22]Widhalm J R,Jaini R,Morgan J A,et al.Rethinking how volatiles are released from plant cells[J].Trends in Plant Science,2015,20:545-550.