湖南省15岁及以上人群重性精神疾病风险水平及影响因素分析
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摘要
目的了解湖南省15岁及以上人群的重性精神疾病患病风险水平及分布特征,探讨其影响因素。方法对全省123个县采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法,应用家庭一般情况问卷和增补后的一般健康问卷(GHQ-12),对70 976名≥15周岁的人群进行问卷调查。结果在完成调查的70 976人中,存在重性精神疾病高危风险的有3 708人,占5.22%,中危1 607人,占2.26%,低危65 661人,占92.51%;农村人群风险高于城市人群(OR=0.834),≥60岁人群风险高于<30岁人群(OR=0.483),男性风险高于女性(OR=1.118),受教育年限<9年人群风险高于受教育年限≥15年人群(OR=1.940),非在职人群风险高于在职人群(OR=0.631),无稳定婚姻人群风险高于有稳定婚姻人群(OR=0.622)。结论湖南省15岁及以上人群的一般健康水平相对较高,重性精神疾病患病风险水平相对较低,其高危因素有农村户籍、年龄≥60岁、男性、受教育年限0-6年、非在职、无稳定婚姻。
Objective To investigate the risk of severe mental illness and its distribution characteristics in people aged 15 and over in Hunan, China, and to investigate the influencing factors. Methods A total of 70976 subjects aged ≥15 years were selected from all 123 counties in Hunan by multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling and subjected to the survey with General Household Questionnaire and General Health Questionnaire-12(supplemented edition). Results Of the 70976 people, 3708(5.21%)were at high risk of severe mental illness, 1607(2.26%) at moderate risk, and 65661(92.51%) at low risk. The rural group had a higher risk than the urban group(odds ratio [OR]=0.834); the people aged ≥60 years had a higher risk than the people aged <30 years(OR=0.483); the males had a higher risk than the females(OR=1.118); the low-educated group(<9 years of education) had a higher risk than the high-educated group(≥15 years of education)(OR=1.940); the unemployed group had a higher risk than the employed group(OR =0.631); the non-stable marriage group had a higher risk than the stable marriage group(OR =0.622).Conclusion People aged ≥15 years in Hunan are at a high level of health status and a low risk of severe mental illness.The high-risk factors for severe mental illness were rural living, ≥60 years of age, male sex, low education level(0-6 years of education), being unemployed, and non-stable marriage.
Objective To investigate the risk of severe mental illness and its distribution characteristics in people aged 15 and over in Hunan, China, and to investigate the influencing factors. Methods A total of 70976 subjects aged ≥15 years were selected from all 123 counties in Hunan by multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling and subjected to the survey with General Household Questionnaire and General Health Questionnaire-12(supplemented edition). Results Of the 70976 people, 3708(5.21%)were at high risk of severe mental illness, 1607(2.26%) at moderate risk, and 65661(92.51%) at low risk. The rural group had a higher risk than the urban group(odds ratio [OR]=0.834); the people aged ≥60 years had a higher risk than the people aged <30 years(OR=0.483); the males had a higher risk than the females(OR=1.118); the low-educated group(<9 years of education) had a higher risk than the high-educated group(≥15 years of education)(OR=1.940); the unemployed group had a higher risk than the employed group(OR =0.631); the non-stable marriage group had a higher risk than the stable marriage group(OR =0.622).Conclusion People aged ≥15 years in Hunan are at a high level of health status and a low risk of severe mental illness.The high-risk factors for severe mental illness were rural living, ≥60 years of age, male sex, low education level(0-6 years of education), being unemployed, and non-stable marriage.
引文
[1]李茂生,邬志美.我国重性精神疾病患者病耻感问题及对策分析[J].中国医学伦理学,2017,30(3):383-387.
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[11]廖震华,王文强,丁丽君,等.多水平模型及其在社区人群心理障碍影响因素研究中的应用[J].中国卫生统计,2013,30(4):525-528.
[12]茹建国,马金凤,刘继文.2010年乌鲁木齐市社区居民精神障碍流行病学调查[J].新疆医科大学学报,2010,33(4):448-450.
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[15]徐子淇,王崇,刘日辉,等.吉林省成年人一般心理健康状况及其相关影响因素的调查分析[J].吉林大学学报(医学版),2013,39(6):1282-1287.
[2] GOLDBERG D P, GATER R, SARTORIUS N, et al. The validity of two vetsions of the GHQ in the WHO study of mental illness in general health care[J]. Psychol Med. 1997 Jan, 27(1):191-197.
[3]杨廷忠,黄丽,吴贞一.中文健康问卷在中国大陆人群心理障碍筛选的适宜性研究[J].中华流行病学杂志,2003,24(9):769-773.
[4]沈渔邨.精神病学[M].5版.北京:北京医科大学出版社,2009:273.
[5]刘明,苗菁.重庆市居民心理障碍状况调查[J].中国卫生事业管理,2014,31(3):221-223.
[6]石其昌,章健民,徐方忠,等.浙江省15岁及以上人群精神疾病流行病学调查[J].中华预防医学杂志,2005(4):229-236..
[7]张杨,崔利军,栗克清,等.增补后的一般健康问卷在精神疾病流行病学调查中的应用[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2008,22(3):189-192.
[8]李艺敏,李永鑫.12题项一般健康问卷(GHQ-12)结构的多样本分析[J].心理学探新,2015,35(4):355-359.
[9]顾亚明,徐方忠,石其昌,等.浙江省人群心理障碍状况及相关因素分析[J].中华预防医学杂志,2009,43(12):1105-1108.
[10]栗克清.河北省18岁及以上人群精神疾病流行病学调查[A].中华医学会精神病学分会第七届学术年会组委会.中华医学会精神病学分会第七届学术年会论文摘要集[C].北京:中华医学会精神病学分会第七届学术年会组委会,2006:2.
[11]廖震华,王文强,丁丽君,等.多水平模型及其在社区人群心理障碍影响因素研究中的应用[J].中国卫生统计,2013,30(4):525-528.
[12]茹建国,马金凤,刘继文.2010年乌鲁木齐市社区居民精神障碍流行病学调查[J].新疆医科大学学报,2010,33(4):448-450.
[13] FONE DAVID L, DUNSTAN FRANK. Mental health, places and people:a multilevel analysis of economic inactivity and social deprivation[J]. Health&place, 2006, 12(3):332-344.
[14]宋萍,吴存松.影响中年人心理健康的相关因素与应对策略[J].社会心理科学,2010,25(7):103-106.
[15]徐子淇,王崇,刘日辉,等.吉林省成年人一般心理健康状况及其相关影响因素的调查分析[J].吉林大学学报(医学版),2013,39(6):1282-1287.