荀子的宗教向度及其价值探析
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摘要
荀子注重理性与实证而不信鬼神,其宗教向度易被忽视;在先秦精英阶层理性高涨与儒家宗教性一直有争议的情况下,荀子的宗教态度又是一个不容忽视的问题。从荀子理性思想中分析梳理其宗教向度,可以更好地把握其理智思维背后的矛盾与张力。荀子在"天"观念中对宗教性是一种排斥态度,在"命"观念中则对宗教进行了一定的保留,到"圣人"观念中宗教性有了显性的体现,而在"礼"观念中更是对宗教性加以利用。荀子作为知识精英对待原始宗教思想的理解,已经与低层的民众有了较大差异,但又不能完全摆脱传统知识背景的束缚。荀子以一种实用主义的态度来解决宗教问题,这对当代处理宗教问题有着重要的借鉴意义。
Xunzi pays attention to reason and evidence and does not believe in ghosts and gods.His religious orientation is often overlooked.In the context of the coexistence of the religious nature of Confucianism and the non-popularization of the Preqin rational thought,the issue of xunzi's religious attitude cannot be ignored.By analyzing and sorting out xunzi's religious orientation from his practical rational thought,we can better grasp the contradiction and tension behind his rational thinking.Xunzi rejected religion in the concept of"heaven",reserved religion in the concept of"destiny",manifested religion in the concept of"sage",and utilized religion in the concept of"Li".It Can be seen that xunzi as intellectual elite's understanding of the primitive religious ideas,People with lower levels have bigger difference,but can't completely get rid of the bondage of traditional knowledge background,xunzi is the use of a pragmatic attitude to think about and solve the religious problems of the attitude and way of contemporary dealing with religious issues has important reference value and significance.
Xunzi pays attention to reason and evidence and does not believe in ghosts and gods.His religious orientation is often overlooked.In the context of the coexistence of the religious nature of Confucianism and the non-popularization of the Preqin rational thought,the issue of xunzi's religious attitude cannot be ignored.By analyzing and sorting out xunzi's religious orientation from his practical rational thought,we can better grasp the contradiction and tension behind his rational thinking.Xunzi rejected religion in the concept of"heaven",reserved religion in the concept of"destiny",manifested religion in the concept of"sage",and utilized religion in the concept of"Li".It Can be seen that xunzi as intellectual elite's understanding of the primitive religious ideas,People with lower levels have bigger difference,but can't completely get rid of the bondage of traditional knowledge background,xunzi is the use of a pragmatic attitude to think about and solve the religious problems of the attitude and way of contemporary dealing with religious issues has important reference value and significance.
引文
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[2]梁右典.论荀子宗教学面向[J].当代儒学研究,2011,(11).
[3][英]麦克斯·缪勒.宗教学导论[M].陈观胜,李培茱译.上海:上海人民出版社,1989.
[4][德]马克斯·韦伯.儒教与道教[M].洪天富译.南京:江苏人民出版社,1995.
[5]苏国勋.理性化及其限制---韦伯思想引论[M].上海:上海人民出版社,1988.
[6]刘雪飞.关于儒学宗教性问题研究的反思[J].齐鲁学刊,2008,(4).
[7]李向平.儒教宗教论的再讨论---中国宗教社会学的视角[J].齐鲁学刊,2006,(5).
[8]杨庆堃.中国社会中的宗教:宗教的现代社会功能及其历史因素之研究[M].范丽珠,等译.上海:上海人民出版社,2007.
[9]吾淳.中国文化·哲学思想[M].北京:五洲传播出版社,2014.
[10]陈来.古代宗教与伦理---儒家思想的根源[M].北京:三联书店,1996.
[11]吾淳.中国社会的宗教传统---巫术与伦理的对立和共存[M].上海:三联书店,2009.
[12]杨伯峻.春秋左传注[M].北京:中华书局,1990.
[13]程树德.论语集释[M].北京:中华书局,1990.
[14]焦循.孟子正义[M].北京:中华书局,1987.
[15]王天海.荀子校释[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,2016.
[16]程俊英,蒋见元.诗经注析[M].北京:中华书局,1999.
[17][美]芮德菲尔德.农民社会与文化[M].王莹译.北京:中国社会科学出版社,2013.
[18]吾淳.重新审视“轴心期”:对雅斯贝斯相关理论的批判性研究[M].上海:上海人民出版社,2018.
[19]洪修平.殷周人文转向与儒学的宗教性[J].中国社会科学,2014,(9).
[20]冯友兰.中国哲学简史[M].天津:天津社会科学院出版社,2005.
[21]吴毓江.墨子校注[M].北京:中华书局,1993.
[22]孙希旦.礼记集解[M].北京:中华书局,2012.