塔里木河流域不同林龄天然胡杨林生物量及养分积累特征
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摘要
以不同林龄的天然胡杨林为研究对象,采用野外标准木全株采伐及室内养分分析相结合的方法,探讨了不同林龄对生物量及养分特征的影响。结果表明:1)随着林龄的增加,胡杨单木生物量及各器官生物量均增加,林分生物量先增加后降低,根生物量分配比降低,干生物量分配比增加;林龄对生物量的影响极显著(P<0.01)。2)不同器官中平均N含量由高到低依次为叶>枝>根>干,P含量为根>叶>枝>干,K含量为叶>根>枝>干;各器官中均是N含量最高、K含量次之、P含量最低;林龄对干中各元素含量及枝中P含量影响显著(P<0.01/0.031、P=0.048)。3)林龄对胡杨养分积累影响显著(P<0.01),各林龄养分积累量由高到低依次为成熟林(660.83kg·hm~(-2))>近熟林(390.98kg·hm~(-2))>过熟林(312.08kg·hm~(-2))>中龄林(208.57kg·hm~(-2))>幼龄林(150.85kg·hm~(-2));各林龄养分积累速率由大到小依次为幼龄林(15.09kg·hm~(-2)·a~(-1))>成熟林(13.22kg·hm~(-2)·a~(-1))>近熟林(13.03kg·hm~(-2)·a~(-1))>中龄林(10.43kg·hm~(-2)·a~(-1))>过熟林(3.90kg·hm~(-2)·a~(-1))。由此可知,胡杨生长初期地下部分的快速生长、根部较高P含量以及各器官不断增加的养分含量是胡杨适应干旱瘠薄环境的生存策略。
Taking the natural Populus euphratica forests occurring in Tarim River Basin as the study objects,influences of forest age on the biomass and the nutrients were examined by cutting the whole plants of the standard trees and conducting indoor nutrient analysis.The results shows that 1)with the increase of forest age,the biomass of individual tree and of all organs increased;the biomass of the stands increased before decreasing;the distribution ratio of the root biomass reduced while of the trunk biomass increased;the age had an extremely significant influence on the biomass(P<0.01).2)The average N content of different organs was in the order of leaf> branch >root>trunk,while the average P content was root>leaf> branch>trunk,and the average K content was leaf>root> branch>trunk;the highest content of the nutrient element in each organ was N,followed by K and P;the forest age had significant influences on the contents of all the elements examined in the trunk and the P content in the branch(P<0.01/0.031,P=0.048).3)Forest age had a significant influence on the nutrient accumulation(P<0.01);the nutrient accumulation amounts of the forests with different ages were in the order of mature forest(660.83 kg·hm~(-2))> near-mature forest(390.98 kg·hm~(-2))> overmature forest(312.08 kg·hm~(-2))> half-mature forest(208.57 kg·hm~(-2))> young growth(150.85 kg·hm~(-2));the nutrient accumulation rate was in the order of young growth(15.09 kg·hm~(-2)·a~(-1))> mature forest(13.22 kg·hm~(-2)·a~(-1))> near-mature forest(13.03 kg·hm~(-2)·a~(-1))> half-mature forest(10.43 kg·hm~(-2)·a~(-1))> overmature forest(3.90 kg·hm~(-2)·a~(-1)).The results indicated that in order to adapt to the dry and barren land,the survival strategies of P.euphratica were the fast growth of the underground part in the early growth stage,the high P content in the root and the increase of the nutrients of all organs.
Taking the natural Populus euphratica forests occurring in Tarim River Basin as the study objects,influences of forest age on the biomass and the nutrients were examined by cutting the whole plants of the standard trees and conducting indoor nutrient analysis.The results shows that 1)with the increase of forest age,the biomass of individual tree and of all organs increased;the biomass of the stands increased before decreasing;the distribution ratio of the root biomass reduced while of the trunk biomass increased;the age had an extremely significant influence on the biomass(P<0.01).2)The average N content of different organs was in the order of leaf> branch >root>trunk,while the average P content was root>leaf> branch>trunk,and the average K content was leaf>root> branch>trunk;the highest content of the nutrient element in each organ was N,followed by K and P;the forest age had significant influences on the contents of all the elements examined in the trunk and the P content in the branch(P<0.01/0.031,P=0.048).3)Forest age had a significant influence on the nutrient accumulation(P<0.01);the nutrient accumulation amounts of the forests with different ages were in the order of mature forest(660.83 kg·hm~(-2))> near-mature forest(390.98 kg·hm~(-2))> overmature forest(312.08 kg·hm~(-2))> half-mature forest(208.57 kg·hm~(-2))> young growth(150.85 kg·hm~(-2));the nutrient accumulation rate was in the order of young growth(15.09 kg·hm~(-2)·a~(-1))> mature forest(13.22 kg·hm~(-2)·a~(-1))> near-mature forest(13.03 kg·hm~(-2)·a~(-1))> half-mature forest(10.43 kg·hm~(-2)·a~(-1))> overmature forest(3.90 kg·hm~(-2)·a~(-1)).The results indicated that in order to adapt to the dry and barren land,the survival strategies of P.euphratica were the fast growth of the underground part in the early growth stage,the high P content in the root and the increase of the nutrients of all organs.
引文
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[3]EBERMAYER E.Die qesamte lehre der woldstreu mit Rucksicht auf die Chemische static des woldbaues[M].Berlin:Jilius Springer,1876:116.
[4]潘维俦,田大伦,李利村,等.杉木人工林养分循环的研究[J].中南林学院学报,1981(1):1-21.
[5]陈楚莹,王开平,张家武,等.杉木火力楠混交林生态系统中营养元素的积累、分配和循环的研究[J].生态学杂志,1988,7(4):7-13.CHEN C Y,WANG K P,ZHANG J W,et al.Nutrient accumlation,distrbution and cycling in Chinese fir-homana mixed forest ecosystem[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,1988,7(4):7-13.(in Chinese)
[6]杨玉盛,何宗明,马祥庆,等.论炼山对杉木人工林生态系统影响的利弊与对策[J].自然资源学报,1997,12(2):153-159.YANG Y S,HE Z M,MA X Q,et al.On the advantages and disadvantages of the effects of controlled burning on the ecology system of Chinese fir plantation and the countermenasures[J].Journal of Natual Resources,1997,12(2):153-159.(in Chinese)
[7]马祥庆,刘爱琴,马壮,等.不同代数杉木林养分积累和分布的比较研究[J].应用生态学报,2000,11(4):501-506.MA X Q,LIU A Q,MA Z,et al.Acomparative study on nutrient accumulation and distribution of different generations of Chinese fir plantations.[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2000,11(4):501-506.(in Chinese)
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[9]沈国舫,董世仁,聂道平.油松人工林养分循环的研究[J].北京林学院学报,1985(4):1-14.SHEN G F,DONG S R,NIE D P.Studies on the nutrient cycling of Pinus tabulaeformis plantation[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry College,1985(4):1-14.(in Chinese)
[10]董世仁,沈国舫,聂道平.油松人工林养分循环的研究Ⅱ.油松人工林养分元素的动态特性[J].北京林业大学学报,1986(1):11-22.DONG S R,SHEN G F,NIE D P.Studies on the nutrient cycling of Pinus tabulaeformis plantationⅡ.Dynamic properties of the nutrient elements in a Pinus tabulaeformis plantation stand[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,1986(1):11-22.(in Chinese)
[11]项文化,田大伦.不同年龄阶段马尾松人工林养分循环的研究[J].植物生态学报,2002,26(1):89-95.XIANG W H,TIAN D L.Nutrient cycling Pinus massoniana stands of different age classes[J].Acta Phutoecologica Sinica,2002,26(1):89-95.(in Chinese)
[12]赵广亮,王继兴,王秀珍,等.油松人工林密度与养分循环关系的研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2006,28(4):39-44.ZHAO G L,WANG J X,WANG X Z,et al.Nutrient element cycling and density effect in Pinus tabulaeformis plantations[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2006,28(4):39-44.(in Chinese)
[13]肖洋,陈丽华,余新晓,等.北京密云油松人工林生态系统N、P、K养分循环[J].北京林业大学学报,2008,30(Supp.2):72-75.XIAO Y,CHEN L H,YU X X,et al.Nutrient cycling of N,P and K in a plantation ecosystem of Pinus tabulaeformis in Miyun district,Beijing[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2008,30(Supp.2):72-75.(in Chinese)
[14]张希彪,上官周平.黄土丘陵丘陵区油松人工林与天然林养分分布和生物循环比较[J].生态学报,2006,26(2):374-382.ZHANG X B,SHANGGUAN Z P.Nutrient distributions and bio-cycle patterns in both natural and artificial Pinus tabulaeformis forests in Hilly Loess regions[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2006,26(2):374-382.(in Chinese)
[15]罗辑,程根伟,李伟,等.贡嘎山天然林营养元素生物循环特征[J].北京林业大学学报,2005,27(2):13-17.LUO J,CHEN G W,LI Wet al.Characteristics of nutrient biocycling of natural forestson the Gongga mountain[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2005,27(2):13-17.(in Chinese)
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[20]段爱国,张建国,何彩云等.杉木人工林生物量变化规律的研究[J].林业科学研究,2005,18(2):125-132.DUAN A G,ZHANG J G,HE C Y,et al.Study on the change laws of biomass of Chinese fir plantations[J].Forest Research,2005,18(2):125-132.(in Chinese)
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[22]赵金龙,王鑫,韩海荣,等.辽河源不同龄组油松天然次生林生物量及空间分配特征[J].生态学报,2014,34(23):7026-7037.ZHAO J L,WANG X,HAN H R,et al.Biomass and spatial distribution characteristics of Pinus tabulaeformis natural secondary forest at different age groups in the Liaoheyuan nature reserve,Hebei Province[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(23):7026-7037.(in Chinese)
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