近60年长江荆江三口水沙变化过程及对洞庭湖的影响
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摘要
荆江三口的水沙变化过程是影响洞庭湖发育的重要环节,对洞庭湖的稳定扮演着重要的角色。通过对荆江三口五站1951—2014年的水沙观测数据进行系统分析,着重研究长江荆江三口近60年水沙变化过程及影响因素,并探讨水沙变化对洞庭湖的影响。结果表明:近60年荆江三口分泄长江径流量、输沙量均呈显著的减少趋势,也导致三口五站中的四站出现功能性断流,且断流天数呈明显增加的趋势;洞庭湖区降水量减少、水利枢纽工程等人类活动是影响三口水沙变异的主要驱动因素;荆江三口水沙变化对湖盆结构及洞庭湖形态起着重要的调控与制约作用,其分泄水沙能力的减小也导致了洞庭湖湖面面积萎缩、容积缩小,不过洞庭湖寿命随着水沙的衰减而增加。正确认识荆江三口水沙变化规律及其对洞庭湖的影响,可为三口地区水资源的开发利用、洞庭湖的综合管理提供理论基础和实践经验。
The process change of water and sediment in Jingjiang River is an important part of the development of Dongting Lake,which plays an important role in the stability of Dongting Lake.Based on water and sediment data of three outlets in five stations in the Jingjiang River in the period 1951-2014,the variation process of water and sediment along Jingjiang River and influencing factors of the Jingjiang of Yangtze River were discussed,and the influence of water and sediment change on Dongting Lake was discussed.The results show that the runoff and sediment along Jingjinag River presented the significantly decreasing trend over the past six decades.The reduction of water and sediment resulted in the functional flow of the four stations in the five stations of the three stations,and the number of days of flow obviously increased.The main driving factors influencing the variation of water and sediment in the three outlets in Jingjiang River were the decreasing precipitation of Dongting Lake and the human activity such as hydro-junction projects.The process change of water and sediment in Jingjiang River plays an important role in regulating and restricting the structure of lake basin and the shape of Dongting River.The reduction of water and sediment resulted in the shrinking of the lake area and the reduction of the volume of Dongting Lake,but the life span of Dongting Lake increased.The correct understanding of the change regularity in the three outlets in Jingjiang River and its influence on Dongting Lake can provide theoretical basis and practical experience for the development and utilization of water resources in three districts and the comprehensive management of Dongting Lake.
The process change of water and sediment in Jingjiang River is an important part of the development of Dongting Lake,which plays an important role in the stability of Dongting Lake.Based on water and sediment data of three outlets in five stations in the Jingjiang River in the period 1951-2014,the variation process of water and sediment along Jingjiang River and influencing factors of the Jingjiang of Yangtze River were discussed,and the influence of water and sediment change on Dongting Lake was discussed.The results show that the runoff and sediment along Jingjinag River presented the significantly decreasing trend over the past six decades.The reduction of water and sediment resulted in the functional flow of the four stations in the five stations of the three stations,and the number of days of flow obviously increased.The main driving factors influencing the variation of water and sediment in the three outlets in Jingjiang River were the decreasing precipitation of Dongting Lake and the human activity such as hydro-junction projects.The process change of water and sediment in Jingjiang River plays an important role in regulating and restricting the structure of lake basin and the shape of Dongting River.The reduction of water and sediment resulted in the shrinking of the lake area and the reduction of the volume of Dongting Lake,but the life span of Dongting Lake increased.The correct understanding of the change regularity in the three outlets in Jingjiang River and its influence on Dongting Lake can provide theoretical basis and practical experience for the development and utilization of water resources in three districts and the comprehensive management of Dongting Lake.
引文
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[20]覃红燕,邹冬生,李峰.近50余年荆江三口水沙变化特征及驱动力分析[J].泥沙研究,2013,(3):27-33.
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[22]胡光伟,毛德华,李正最,等.三峡工程运行以来洞庭湖水沙过程变异及其影响分析[J].水土保持研究,2013,20(5):170-175.
[23]郭彦,侯素珍,林秀芝.近51年西柳沟流域水沙变化特征分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2014,28(10):176-183.
[24]任惠茹,李国胜,崔林林,等.近60年来黄河入海水沙通量变化的阶段性与多尺度特征[J].地理学报,2014,69(5):619-631.
[25]尹辉,杨波,蒋忠诚,等.近60年洞庭湖泊形态与水沙过程的互动响应[J].地理研究,2012,31(3):471-483.
[26]吴作平,杨国录,甘明辉.荆江—洞庭湖水沙关系及调整[J].武汉大学学报:工学版,2002,35(3):5-8,16.
[27]徐伟平,康文星,何介南.洞庭湖蓄水能力的时空变化特征[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(3):62-67,324.
[28]Ou C,Li J,Zhou Y,et al.Evolution characters of water exchange abilities between Dongting Lake and Yangtze River[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences,2014,24(4):731-745.
[29]许全喜,胡功宇,袁晶.近50年来荆江三口分流分沙变化研究[J].泥沙研究,2009(5):1-8.
[2]Rodriguez-Lloveras X,Bussi G,Francés F,et al.Patterns of runoff and sediment production in response to land-use changes in an ungauged Mediterranean catchment[J].Journal of Hydrology,2015,531(3)::1054-1066.
[3]Buendia C,Bussi G,Tuset J,et al.Effects of afforestation on runoff and sediment load in an upland Mediterranean catchment[J].Science of The Total Environment,2016,540(1):144-157.
[4]彭俊,陈沈良.近60年黄河水沙变化过程及其对三角洲的影响[J].地理学报,2009,64(11):1353-1362.
[5]李景保,王克林,秦建新,等.洞庭湖年径流泥沙的演变特征及其动因[J].地理学报,2005,60(3):503-510.
[6]李景保,代勇,欧朝敏,等.长江三峡水库蓄水运用对洞庭湖水沙特性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2011,25(3):215-219.
[7]覃红燕,谢永宏,邹冬生.湖南四水入洞庭湖水沙演变及成因分析[J].地理科学,2012,32(5):609-615.
[8]陈进,黄薇.梯级水库对长江水沙过程影响初探[J].长江流域资源与环境,2005,14(6):114-119.
[9]管华.水文学[M].北京:科学出版社,2015:143-144.
[10]李景保,何霞,杨波,等.长江中游荆南三口断流时间演变特征及其影响机制[J].自然资源学报,2016,31(10):1713-1725.
[11]代稳,吕殿青,李景保,等.气候变化和人类活动对长江中游径流量变化影响分析[J].冰川冻土,2016,38(2):488-497.
[12]Wang Y,Ding Y J,Ye B S,et al.Contributions of climate and human activities to changes in runoff of the Yellow and Yangtze rivers from 1950to 2008[J].Science China Earth Sciences,2013,56(8):1398-1412.
[13]李林,王振宇,秦宁生,等.长江上游径流量变化及其与影响因子关系分析[J].自然资源学报,2004,19(6):694-700.
[14]莫莉,穆兴民,王勇,等.近50多年来北洛河水沙变化特征及原因分析[J].泥沙研究,2009(6):30-36.
[15]柳林云,纪国强,李书飞.长江流域近20年来供水工程调查分析[J].人民长江,2011,42(18):95-98.
[16]方春明,胡春宏,陈绪坚.三峡水库运用对荆江三口分流及洞庭湖的影响[J].水利学报,2014,45(1):36-41.
[17]谢永宏,李峰,陈心胜,等.荆江三口入洞庭湖水沙演变及成因分析[J].农业现代化研究,2012,33(2):203-206.
[18]袁希平,雷廷武.水土保持措施及其减水减沙效益分析[J].农业工程学报,2004,20(2):296-300.
[19]李正最,谢悦波,徐冬梅.洞庭湖水沙变化分析及影响初探[J].水文,2011,31(1):45-53.
[20]覃红燕,邹冬生,李峰.近50余年荆江三口水沙变化特征及驱动力分析[J].泥沙研究,2013,(3):27-33.
[21]李晖,尹辉,白旸,等.近60年洞庭湖区水沙演变特征及趋势预测[J].水土保持研究,2013,20(3):139-142.
[22]胡光伟,毛德华,李正最,等.三峡工程运行以来洞庭湖水沙过程变异及其影响分析[J].水土保持研究,2013,20(5):170-175.
[23]郭彦,侯素珍,林秀芝.近51年西柳沟流域水沙变化特征分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2014,28(10):176-183.
[24]任惠茹,李国胜,崔林林,等.近60年来黄河入海水沙通量变化的阶段性与多尺度特征[J].地理学报,2014,69(5):619-631.
[25]尹辉,杨波,蒋忠诚,等.近60年洞庭湖泊形态与水沙过程的互动响应[J].地理研究,2012,31(3):471-483.
[26]吴作平,杨国录,甘明辉.荆江—洞庭湖水沙关系及调整[J].武汉大学学报:工学版,2002,35(3):5-8,16.
[27]徐伟平,康文星,何介南.洞庭湖蓄水能力的时空变化特征[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(3):62-67,324.
[28]Ou C,Li J,Zhou Y,et al.Evolution characters of water exchange abilities between Dongting Lake and Yangtze River[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences,2014,24(4):731-745.
[29]许全喜,胡功宇,袁晶.近50年来荆江三口分流分沙变化研究[J].泥沙研究,2009(5):1-8.