粪肠球菌对吉富罗非鱼的生长、体组成、消化酶活性及血液生理生化指标的影响
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摘要
为研究饲料中添加不同浓度的粪肠球菌对吉富罗非鱼生长、体组成、消化能力及血液生理生化指标的影响,实验选用初始体质量为(50.59±0.59)g的吉富罗非鱼300尾,随机分成5组,每组设3个重复,每个重复20尾鱼,养殖实验期60 d。分别投喂实测含1.3×10~2(对照组)、1.4×10~5、1.7×10~6、1.5×10~7和1.8×10~8 CFU/g粪肠球菌的5种等氮(36%)等脂(6.75%)的实验饲料。结果显示:(1)罗非鱼的末均重(FBW)、增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)和尾均摄食量(FI)均在1.5×10~7 CFU/g组达到最大且显著高于对照组,而饲料系数(FCR)显著低于对照组。以FBW、WGR和SGR为评价指标,通过二次回归分析得出,罗非鱼饲料的粪肠球菌适宜添加浓度范围为7.5×10~7~1.1×10~8 CFU/g。(2)各添加组的全鱼粗蛋白含量均显著高于对照组,1.5×10~7 CFU/g组的粗脂肪含量显著高于对照组,各组间全鱼水分和粗灰分含量无显著差异。1.5×10~7 CFU/g组的干物质、蛋白质和脂肪沉积率均达到最大值且显著高于对照组。(3)1.5×10~7和1.8×10~8 CFU/g组的肠脂肪酶活性均显著高于对照组,而1.8×10~8 CFU/g组的肠道蛋白酶活性显著低于对照组;各组间肠道淀粉酶活性无显著差异。(4)1.5×10~7 CFU/g组的平均红细胞体积、血红蛋白浓度和血小板数均显著低于对照组,各组间红细胞数无显著差异。(5)1.8×10~8 CFU/g组的血清中胆固醇、葡萄糖和丙二醛含量显著低于对照组;1.5×10~7 CFU/g组血清中碱性磷酸酶活性显著高于对照组,而谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶活性显著低于对照组。综上所述,吉富罗非鱼(50~210 g)饲料中粪肠球菌的适宜添加浓度范围为7.5×10~7~1.1×10~8 CFU/g,但添加粪肠球菌对血液载氧能力有负面影响。
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of Enterococcus faecalis on growth performance, body composition, digestive ability and blood physiological and biochemical parameters of GIFT tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus). 300 fish of initial body weight(50.59±0.59)g were randomly divided into 5 groups, and each group was fed to triplicate repeats of 20 fish for 60 days. Each group was fed five isonitrogenous(crude protein 36%) and isolipidic(ether extract 6.75%) diets which added respectively 1.3×102(control), 1.4×10~5,1.7×10~6, 1.5×10~7 and 1.8×10~8 CFU/g(measured) E. faecalis. The results showed as follows: Compared with control group, the final body weight(FBW), weight gain rate(WGR), specific growth rate(SGR) and feed intake(FI) in the group of 1.5×10~7 CFU/g reached a maximum and were significantly increased, and the feed conversion ratio(FCR) in this group was significantly reduced. Based on FBW, WGR and SGR, quadratic regression analysis projected the optimal concentration range for GIFT tilapia feed to 7.5×10~7–1.1×10~8 CFU/g. Compared with control group, the whole body crude protein content in all addition groups was significantly increased, and the whole body crude fat content in the group of 1.5×10~7 CFU/g was significantly increased, there was not significant difference of the whole body moisture and crude ash content among all groups. The dry matter, protein, fat and ash deposition rate in the group of 1.5×10~7 CFU/g are significantly higher than the control group. Compared with control group,the intestinal lipase activity was significantly increased in the group of 1.5×10~7 CFU/g and 1.8×10~8 CFU/g and intestinal protease activity was significantly reduced in the group of 1.8×10~8 CFU/g. Adding E. faecalis to feed had no significant effect on intestinal amylase activity. The mean corpuscular volume, hemoglobin concentration and the number of platelets in the group of 1.5×10~7 CFU/g are significantly lower than the control group. The erythrocyte count was not significantly different among all groups. The serum cholesterol, glucose content and the content of malonaldehyde in the group of 1.8×10~8 CFU/g were significantly reduced compared with control group.Compared with control group, the activity of alkaline phosphatase in the group of 1.5×10~7 CFU/g was significantly increased, but the activities of glutamic pyruvic transaminase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase in this group were significantly reduced. In conclusion, the suitable concentration range of E. faecalis for GIFT tilapia feed is7.5×10~7–1.1×10~8 CFU/g, but adding E. faecalis has an adverse effect upon the ability of carrying oxygen of blood.
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of Enterococcus faecalis on growth performance, body composition, digestive ability and blood physiological and biochemical parameters of GIFT tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus). 300 fish of initial body weight(50.59±0.59)g were randomly divided into 5 groups, and each group was fed to triplicate repeats of 20 fish for 60 days. Each group was fed five isonitrogenous(crude protein 36%) and isolipidic(ether extract 6.75%) diets which added respectively 1.3×102(control), 1.4×10~5,1.7×10~6, 1.5×10~7 and 1.8×10~8 CFU/g(measured) E. faecalis. The results showed as follows: Compared with control group, the final body weight(FBW), weight gain rate(WGR), specific growth rate(SGR) and feed intake(FI) in the group of 1.5×10~7 CFU/g reached a maximum and were significantly increased, and the feed conversion ratio(FCR) in this group was significantly reduced. Based on FBW, WGR and SGR, quadratic regression analysis projected the optimal concentration range for GIFT tilapia feed to 7.5×10~7–1.1×10~8 CFU/g. Compared with control group, the whole body crude protein content in all addition groups was significantly increased, and the whole body crude fat content in the group of 1.5×10~7 CFU/g was significantly increased, there was not significant difference of the whole body moisture and crude ash content among all groups. The dry matter, protein, fat and ash deposition rate in the group of 1.5×10~7 CFU/g are significantly higher than the control group. Compared with control group,the intestinal lipase activity was significantly increased in the group of 1.5×10~7 CFU/g and 1.8×10~8 CFU/g and intestinal protease activity was significantly reduced in the group of 1.8×10~8 CFU/g. Adding E. faecalis to feed had no significant effect on intestinal amylase activity. The mean corpuscular volume, hemoglobin concentration and the number of platelets in the group of 1.5×10~7 CFU/g are significantly lower than the control group. The erythrocyte count was not significantly different among all groups. The serum cholesterol, glucose content and the content of malonaldehyde in the group of 1.8×10~8 CFU/g were significantly reduced compared with control group.Compared with control group, the activity of alkaline phosphatase in the group of 1.5×10~7 CFU/g was significantly increased, but the activities of glutamic pyruvic transaminase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase in this group were significantly reduced. In conclusion, the suitable concentration range of E. faecalis for GIFT tilapia feed is7.5×10~7–1.1×10~8 CFU/g, but adding E. faecalis has an adverse effect upon the ability of carrying oxygen of blood.
引文
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[20]Tovar D,Zambonino J,Cahu C,et al.Effect of live yeast incorporation in compound diet on digestive enzyme activity in sea bass(Dicentrarchus labrax)larvae[J].Aquaculture,2002,204(1-2):113-123.
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[2]Scharek L,Guth J,Reiter K,et al.Influence of a probiotic Enterococcus faecium strain on development of the immune system of sows and piglets[J].Veterinary Immunology And Immunopathology,2005,105(1-2):151-161.
[3]魏清甜,李平华,汪涵,等.粪肠球菌替代抗生素对保育仔猪生长性能、腹泻率、体液免指标和肠道微生物数量的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2014,37(6):143-148.Wei Q T,Li P H,Wang H,et al.Effect of dietary Euterococcus faecalis replacing of antibiotic on growth performance,diarrhea rate,humoral immunity and intestinal microflora of nursery pigs[J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University,2014,37(6):143-148(in Chinese).
[4]温建新,邵峰,单虎.乳酸L-68型粪肠球菌对肉鸡生产性能和免疫功能的影响[J].中国微生态学杂志,2008,2(20):161-163.Wen J X,Shao F,Shan H.Effect of Enterococcus faecium cernelle 68 on the growth performance and immune function of the broiler[J].Chinese Journal of Microecology,2008,2(20):161-163(in Chinese).
[5]Sun Y Z,Yang H L,Ma R L,et al.Effect of Lactococcus lactis and Enterococcus faecium on growth performance,digestive enzymes and immune response of grouper Epinephelus coioides[J].Aquaculture Nutrition,2012,18(3):281-289.
[6]刘玉林,吴建军.粪链球菌对草鱼生长及其养殖池塘水质的影响[J].长江大学学报(自然科学版),2012,9(1):31-34.Liu Y L,Wu J J.Effect of Streptococcus faecalis on growth of grass carp and water quality of cultural pond[J].Journal of Yangtze University(Natural Science Edition),2012,9(1):31-34(in Chinese).
[7]刘翠玲.饲料中添加微生态制剂、抗菌肽及其复合制剂对鲤鱼生长、消化和非特异性免疫相关酶活性的影响[D].上海:上海海洋大学,2015.Liu C L.Effect of probiotics,antimicrobial peptidesand their mixture on growth performance,digest ability and activity of the nonspecific immunity enzymes of thecommon carp(Cyprinus carpio)[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Ocean University,2015(in Chinese).
[8]周晓波,黄燕华,曹俊明,等.5种乳酸菌对罗非鱼生长性能、体成分、血清生化指标及肠道菌群的影响[J].动物营养学报,2014,7(26):1-9.Zhou X B,Huang Y H,Cao J M,et al.Effects of 5Kinds of Lactobacillus on Growth Performance,Body Composition,Serum Biochemical Indices and Intestinal Microflora of Tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus×O.aureu)[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2014,7(26):1-9(in Chinese).
[9]Gatesoupe F J.The effect of three strains of lactic bacteria on the production rate of rotifers,Brachionus plicatilis,and their dietary value for larval turbot,Scophthalmus maximus[J].Aquaculture,1991,96(3-4):335-342.
[10]江永明,付天玺,张丽,等.微生物制剂对奥尼罗非鱼生长及消化酶活性的影响[J].水生生物学报,2011,35(6):998-1004.Jiang Y M,Fu T Y,Zhang L,et al.Effect of feeding microorganisms on growth performance and the activities enzymes of Oreochromis niloticus×O.aureus[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2011,35(6):998-1004(in Chinese).
[11]王国霞,黄燕华,周晔,等.乳酸菌对凡纳滨对虾幼虾生长性能、消化酶活性和非特异性免疫的影响[J].动物营养学报,2010,22(1):228-234.Wang G X,Huang Y H,Zhou Y,et al.Effects of lactobacillus on growth performance,digestive enzyme activities and non-specific immunity of Litopenaeus vannamei[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2010,22(1):228-234(in Chinese).
[12]Abe F,Ishibashi N,Shimamura S.Effect of administration of Bifidobacteria and Lactic acid bacteria to newborn calves and piglets[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1995,78(12):2838-2846.
[13]荆祎,李光玉,刘晗璐,等.不同乳酸杆菌添加剂对水貂生长性能、营养物质消化率、氮平衡及血清生化指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2013,25(9):2160-2167.Jin W,Li G Y,Liu H L,et al.Effects of different Lactobacillus additives on growth performance,nutrient digestibility,nitrogen balance and serum biochemical indices of minks[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2013,25(9):2160-2167(in Chinese).
[14]席兴军,韩鲁佳,原慎一郎,等.添加乳酸菌和纤维素酶对玉米秸秆青贮饲料品质的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2003,8(2):21-24.Xi X J,Han L J,Yuan S Y L,et al.Effects of Lactobacillus and cellulase on the quality of corn stover silage[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2003,8(2):21-24(in Chinese).
[15]刘延贺,苑会珍.不同营养及铜水平条件下芽孢杆菌微生物添加剂对猪免疫性能的影响[J].饲料工业,1998,19(10):29-30.Liu Y H,Yuan H Z.Effects of different nutrition and copper levels on immune function of pigs under the condition of Bacillus[J].Feed Industry,1998,19(10):29-30(in Chinese).
[16]王爱民.外源酶对异育银鲫消化道与肝胰脏酶活性、肠道组织及生产性能的影响[D].南京:南京农业大学,2003.Wang A M.Effects of exogenous enzymes on intestine and hepatic-pancreas enzymes activity,intestine tissue and performance of Allogynogenetic Crucian Carp[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,2003(in Chinese).
[17]Suzer C,Oban D,Kamaci H O,et al.Lactobacillus spp.bacteria as probiotics in gilthead sea bream(Sparus aurata L.)larvae:effects on growth performance and digestive enzyme activities[J].Aquaculture,2008,280(1-4):140-145.
[18]Askarian F,Kousha A,Salma W,et al.The effect of Lactic acid bacteria administration on growth,digestive enzyme activity and gut microbiota in Persian sturgeon(Acipenser persicus)and beluga(Huso huso)fry[J].Aquaculture Nutrition,2011,17(5):488-497.
[19]高进.微生态制剂对大黄鱼(Pseudosciaena crocea)稚鱼生长、存活、消化酶活力及抗胁迫能力的影响[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2010.Gao J.Effects of dietary probiotics or/and prebiotics on growth,survival,activities of digestive enzymes and stress resistance of large yellow croaker(Pseudosciaerca crocea)larvae[D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2010(in Chinese).
[20]Tovar D,Zambonino J,Cahu C,et al.Effect of live yeast incorporation in compound diet on digestive enzyme activity in sea bass(Dicentrarchus labrax)larvae[J].Aquaculture,2002,204(1-2):113-123.
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