饲粮中添加枯草芽孢杆菌或粪肠球菌对育成期水貂生长性能、营养物质消化率及氮代谢的影响
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摘要
本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加枯草芽孢杆菌或粪肠球菌对育成期水貂生长性能、营养物质消化率及氮代谢的影响。试验采用单因素完全随机试验设计,选取60日龄、健康、雄性水貂70只,平均体重为(957.37±93.96)g,随机分成7组,每组10个重复,每个重复1只。Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂基础饲粮;Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组分别在基础饲粮中添加1×10~9、1×10~(10)和1×10~(11)CFU/kg枯草芽孢杆菌,Ⅴ、Ⅵ和Ⅶ组分别在基础饲粮中添加1×108、1×10~9和1×10~(10)CFU/kg粪肠球菌。预试期7 d,正试期60 d。结果表明:1)Ⅲ组的末重显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),Ⅳ组的平均日采食量显著低于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),各组间平均日增重和料重比差异不显著(P>0.05)。2)Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅴ组的干物质消化率显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),Ⅴ组显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅳ、Ⅵ和Ⅶ组(P<0.05);Ⅴ组的蛋白质消化率显著高于Ⅰ和Ⅶ组(P<0.05);各组间脂肪消化率差异不显著(P>0.05)。3)Ⅳ、Ⅴ和Ⅵ组的粪氮含量显著低于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),Ⅴ和Ⅵ组的尿氮含量显著低于Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。各试验组的氮沉积均高于Ⅰ组,但是差异不显著(P>0.05)。Ⅲ和Ⅴ组的净蛋白质利用率显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),Ⅲ组的蛋白质生物学价值显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。由此可见,育成期水貂饲粮中添加1×10~(10)CFU/kg枯草芽孢杆菌或1×10~8CFU/kg粪肠球菌时,水貂的生长性能、营养物质消化率、氮沉积、净蛋白质利用率和蛋白质生物学价值较为理想。
This experiment w as conducted to study the effects of dietary Bacillus subtilis or Enterococcus faecalis on grow th performance,nutrient digestibility and nitrogen metabolism of minks during grow ing period.The experiment w as designed using a single factor complete randomized trial.Seventy healthy male 60-day-age minks w ith average w eight of(957.37±93.96)g w ere randomly divided into 7 groups w ith 10 replicates per group and 1 mink per replicate.GroupⅠ(control group)w as fed a basal diet,groupsⅡ,ⅢandⅣw ere fed the basal diet supplemented w ith 1×10~9,1×10~(10)and 1×10~(11)CFU/kg Bacillus subtilis,and groupsⅤ,ⅥandⅦwere fed the basal diet supplemented with 1×10~8,1×10~9and 1×10~(10)CFU/kg Enterococcus faecalis,respectively.The adaptation period lasted for 7 days and the formal trial period lasted for 60 days.The results show ed as follow s:1)the final w eight of groupⅢw as significantly higher than that of groupⅠ(P<0.05),the average daily feed intake of groupⅥw as significantly low er than that of groupⅠ(P<0.05),the average daily gain and feed to gain ratio had no significant difference among all groups(P>0.05).2)The dry matter digestibility of groupsⅡ,ⅢandⅤw as significantly higher than that of groupⅠ(P<0.05),and the dry matter digestibility of groupⅤw as significantly higher than that of groupsⅠ,Ⅳ,ⅥandⅦ(P<0.05);the protein digestibility of groupⅤw as significantly higher than that of groupsⅠandⅦ(P<0.05),the fat digestibility had no significant difference among all groups(P>0.05).3)The fecal nitrogen content of groupsⅣ,ⅤandⅥwas significantly lower than that of groupⅠ(P<0.05),the urinary nitrogen content of groupsⅤandⅥwas significantly lower than that of groupⅠ(P<0.05).The nitrogen deposition of test groups was higher than that of groupⅠ,but had no significant difference(P>0.05).The net protein utilization of groupsⅢandⅤwas significantly higher than that of groupⅠ(P<0.05),and the biological value of protein of groupⅢw as significantly higher than that of groupⅠ(P<0.05).In conclusion,w hen dietary supplemented w ith 1×10~(10)CFU/kg Bacillus subtilis or 1×10~8CFU/kg Enterococcus faecalis,the grow th performance,nutrient digestibility,nitrogen deposition,net protein utilization and biological value of protein of minks are more preferably.
This experiment w as conducted to study the effects of dietary Bacillus subtilis or Enterococcus faecalis on grow th performance,nutrient digestibility and nitrogen metabolism of minks during grow ing period.The experiment w as designed using a single factor complete randomized trial.Seventy healthy male 60-day-age minks w ith average w eight of(957.37±93.96)g w ere randomly divided into 7 groups w ith 10 replicates per group and 1 mink per replicate.GroupⅠ(control group)w as fed a basal diet,groupsⅡ,ⅢandⅣw ere fed the basal diet supplemented w ith 1×10~9,1×10~(10)and 1×10~(11)CFU/kg Bacillus subtilis,and groupsⅤ,ⅥandⅦwere fed the basal diet supplemented with 1×10~8,1×10~9and 1×10~(10)CFU/kg Enterococcus faecalis,respectively.The adaptation period lasted for 7 days and the formal trial period lasted for 60 days.The results show ed as follow s:1)the final w eight of groupⅢw as significantly higher than that of groupⅠ(P<0.05),the average daily feed intake of groupⅥw as significantly low er than that of groupⅠ(P<0.05),the average daily gain and feed to gain ratio had no significant difference among all groups(P>0.05).2)The dry matter digestibility of groupsⅡ,ⅢandⅤw as significantly higher than that of groupⅠ(P<0.05),and the dry matter digestibility of groupⅤw as significantly higher than that of groupsⅠ,Ⅳ,ⅥandⅦ(P<0.05);the protein digestibility of groupⅤw as significantly higher than that of groupsⅠandⅦ(P<0.05),the fat digestibility had no significant difference among all groups(P>0.05).3)The fecal nitrogen content of groupsⅣ,ⅤandⅥwas significantly lower than that of groupⅠ(P<0.05),the urinary nitrogen content of groupsⅤandⅥwas significantly lower than that of groupⅠ(P<0.05).The nitrogen deposition of test groups was higher than that of groupⅠ,but had no significant difference(P>0.05).The net protein utilization of groupsⅢandⅤwas significantly higher than that of groupⅠ(P<0.05),and the biological value of protein of groupⅢw as significantly higher than that of groupⅠ(P<0.05).In conclusion,w hen dietary supplemented w ith 1×10~(10)CFU/kg Bacillus subtilis or 1×10~8CFU/kg Enterococcus faecalis,the grow th performance,nutrient digestibility,nitrogen deposition,net protein utilization and biological value of protein of minks are more preferably.
引文
[1]窦茂鑫,吴涛.饲用微生态制剂的发展现状与应用性研究[J].饲料研究,2013(1):13-17.
[2]LEE S H,INGALE S L,KIM J S,et al.Effects of dietary supplem entation w ith Bacillus subtilis LS 1-2 ferm entation biom ass on grow th perform ance,nutrient digestibility,cecal m icrobiota and intestinal m orphology of w eanling pig[J].Anim al Feed Science and Technology,2014,188:102-110.
[3]齐博,武书庚,王晶,等.枯草芽孢杆菌对肉仔鸡生长性能、肠道形态和菌群数量的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(6):1748-1756.
[4]黄怡,郭乾鹏,梁世忠,等.屎肠球菌对仔猪肠道健康的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(4):968-973.
[5]裴跃明,王迎松,王世磊,等.枯草芽孢杆菌制剂对断奶獭兔生长性能和免疫的影响[J].饲料研究,2016(6):20-23,28.
[6]魏清甜.粪肠球菌替代饲用抗生素对保育仔猪生产、免疫、肠道发育及肠道微生物的影响[D].硕士学位论文.南京:南京农业大学,2014.
[7]贡筱,郭俊刚,吴学壮,等.饲粮中添加枯草芽孢杆菌和粪肠球菌对育成期蓝狐生长性能、营养物质消化率及氮代谢的影响[J].动物营养学报,2014,26(4):1004-1010.
[8]GUGOLEK A,LOREK M O,ROTKIEWICZ Z,et al.Effects of probiotic bacteria on the perform ance of arctic foxes,pathm orphology and m icroflora of their alim entary tracts[J].Czech Journal of Anim al Science,2004,49(6):265-270.
[9]LOREK M O,GUGOLEK A A,SZAREK J,et al.Effects of a new generation feed supplem ent in som e perform ance indices and health state in m ink[J].Scientifur,2000,24(4):86-88.
[10]LOREK O M,GUGOLEK A,HARTMAN A.Nutrient digestibility and nitrogen retention in arctic foxes fed a diet containing cultures of probiotic bacteria[J].Czech Journal of Anim al Science-UZPI,2001,24:116-128.
[11]张铁涛,张志强,任二军,等.饲粮蛋白质水平对育成期水貂营养物质消化率及生长性能的影响[J].动物营养学报,2010,22(4):1101-1106.
[12]张海华,张铁涛,刘晓颖,等.不同饲粮蛋白质和脂肪水平对育成期雄性水貂生长性能及血清生化指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(10):3248-3255.
[13]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.GB/T 6435—2006饲料中水分和其他挥发性物质含量的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007.
[14]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.GB/T 6433—2006饲料中粗脂肪的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2006.
[15]国家技术监督局.GB/T 6432—1994饲料中粗蛋白测定方法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1994.
[16]张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].2版.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2003.
[17]周映华,周小玲,吴胜莲,等.不同剂量枯草芽孢杆菌对断奶仔猪生产性能及腹泻的影响[J].饲料博览,2012(4):29-31.
[18]贡筱.饲粮中添加枯草芽孢杆菌和粪肠球菌对蓝狐生产性能、消化代谢及免疫功能的影响[D].硕士学位论文.北京:中国农业科学院,2014.
[19]刘进军,刘洁,任二军,等.不同组合益生菌对育成期水貂生长性能和消化代谢规律的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2013,40(6):121-125.
[20]CHESSON A.Probiotics and other intestinal mediators[M]//COLE D J A,WISIMAN J,VARLEY M A.Principles of pig science.Loughborough:Nottingham University Press,1994:197-214.
[21]郭俊刚,贡筱,张铁涛,等.饲粮中添加益生菌对冬毛期蓝狐生长性能、营养物质消化率及毛皮品质的影响[J].动物营养学报,2014,26(8):2232-2239.
[22]NRC.Nutrient requirements of mink and foxes[S].Washington,D.C.:National Academ y Press,1982.
[23]李瑞,侯改凤,邬理洋,等.微生态制剂对生长猪生产性能、氮磷排放量及血清免疫指标的影响[J].家畜生态学报,2013,34(6):66-71.
[24]GIANG H H,VIET T Q,OGLE B,et al.Growth perform ance,digestibility,gut environm ent and health status in w eaned piglets fed a diet supplem ented w ith a com plex of lactic acid bacteria alone or in com bination w ith Bacillus subtilis and Saccharomyces boulardii[J].Livestock Science,2012,143(2/3):132-141.
[25]荆祎,李光玉,刘晗璐,等.不同乳酸杆菌添加剂对水貂生长性能、营养物质消化率、氮平衡及血清生化指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2013,25(9):2160-2167.
[26]GOLDIN B R.Health benefits of probiotics[J].The British Journal of Nutrition,1998,80(4):S203-S207.
[27]HOLZAPFEL W H,HABERER P,SNEL J,et al.Overview of gut flora and probiotics[J].International Journal of Food M icrobiology,1998,41(2):85-101.
[28]AMBER K H,YAKOUT H M,HAMED R S.Effect of feeding diets containing yucca extract or probiotic on grow th,digestibility,nitrogen balance and caecal m icrobial activity of grow ing New Zealand w hite rabbits[C]//Proceedings of the 8th World Rabbit Congress.Puebla,M exico:WRC,2004:737-741.
[2]LEE S H,INGALE S L,KIM J S,et al.Effects of dietary supplem entation w ith Bacillus subtilis LS 1-2 ferm entation biom ass on grow th perform ance,nutrient digestibility,cecal m icrobiota and intestinal m orphology of w eanling pig[J].Anim al Feed Science and Technology,2014,188:102-110.
[3]齐博,武书庚,王晶,等.枯草芽孢杆菌对肉仔鸡生长性能、肠道形态和菌群数量的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(6):1748-1756.
[4]黄怡,郭乾鹏,梁世忠,等.屎肠球菌对仔猪肠道健康的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(4):968-973.
[5]裴跃明,王迎松,王世磊,等.枯草芽孢杆菌制剂对断奶獭兔生长性能和免疫的影响[J].饲料研究,2016(6):20-23,28.
[6]魏清甜.粪肠球菌替代饲用抗生素对保育仔猪生产、免疫、肠道发育及肠道微生物的影响[D].硕士学位论文.南京:南京农业大学,2014.
[7]贡筱,郭俊刚,吴学壮,等.饲粮中添加枯草芽孢杆菌和粪肠球菌对育成期蓝狐生长性能、营养物质消化率及氮代谢的影响[J].动物营养学报,2014,26(4):1004-1010.
[8]GUGOLEK A,LOREK M O,ROTKIEWICZ Z,et al.Effects of probiotic bacteria on the perform ance of arctic foxes,pathm orphology and m icroflora of their alim entary tracts[J].Czech Journal of Anim al Science,2004,49(6):265-270.
[9]LOREK M O,GUGOLEK A A,SZAREK J,et al.Effects of a new generation feed supplem ent in som e perform ance indices and health state in m ink[J].Scientifur,2000,24(4):86-88.
[10]LOREK O M,GUGOLEK A,HARTMAN A.Nutrient digestibility and nitrogen retention in arctic foxes fed a diet containing cultures of probiotic bacteria[J].Czech Journal of Anim al Science-UZPI,2001,24:116-128.
[11]张铁涛,张志强,任二军,等.饲粮蛋白质水平对育成期水貂营养物质消化率及生长性能的影响[J].动物营养学报,2010,22(4):1101-1106.
[12]张海华,张铁涛,刘晓颖,等.不同饲粮蛋白质和脂肪水平对育成期雄性水貂生长性能及血清生化指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(10):3248-3255.
[13]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.GB/T 6435—2006饲料中水分和其他挥发性物质含量的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007.
[14]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.GB/T 6433—2006饲料中粗脂肪的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2006.
[15]国家技术监督局.GB/T 6432—1994饲料中粗蛋白测定方法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1994.
[16]张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].2版.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2003.
[17]周映华,周小玲,吴胜莲,等.不同剂量枯草芽孢杆菌对断奶仔猪生产性能及腹泻的影响[J].饲料博览,2012(4):29-31.
[18]贡筱.饲粮中添加枯草芽孢杆菌和粪肠球菌对蓝狐生产性能、消化代谢及免疫功能的影响[D].硕士学位论文.北京:中国农业科学院,2014.
[19]刘进军,刘洁,任二军,等.不同组合益生菌对育成期水貂生长性能和消化代谢规律的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2013,40(6):121-125.
[20]CHESSON A.Probiotics and other intestinal mediators[M]//COLE D J A,WISIMAN J,VARLEY M A.Principles of pig science.Loughborough:Nottingham University Press,1994:197-214.
[21]郭俊刚,贡筱,张铁涛,等.饲粮中添加益生菌对冬毛期蓝狐生长性能、营养物质消化率及毛皮品质的影响[J].动物营养学报,2014,26(8):2232-2239.
[22]NRC.Nutrient requirements of mink and foxes[S].Washington,D.C.:National Academ y Press,1982.
[23]李瑞,侯改凤,邬理洋,等.微生态制剂对生长猪生产性能、氮磷排放量及血清免疫指标的影响[J].家畜生态学报,2013,34(6):66-71.
[24]GIANG H H,VIET T Q,OGLE B,et al.Growth perform ance,digestibility,gut environm ent and health status in w eaned piglets fed a diet supplem ented w ith a com plex of lactic acid bacteria alone or in com bination w ith Bacillus subtilis and Saccharomyces boulardii[J].Livestock Science,2012,143(2/3):132-141.
[25]荆祎,李光玉,刘晗璐,等.不同乳酸杆菌添加剂对水貂生长性能、营养物质消化率、氮平衡及血清生化指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2013,25(9):2160-2167.
[26]GOLDIN B R.Health benefits of probiotics[J].The British Journal of Nutrition,1998,80(4):S203-S207.
[27]HOLZAPFEL W H,HABERER P,SNEL J,et al.Overview of gut flora and probiotics[J].International Journal of Food M icrobiology,1998,41(2):85-101.
[28]AMBER K H,YAKOUT H M,HAMED R S.Effect of feeding diets containing yucca extract or probiotic on grow th,digestibility,nitrogen balance and caecal m icrobial activity of grow ing New Zealand w hite rabbits[C]//Proceedings of the 8th World Rabbit Congress.Puebla,M exico:WRC,2004:737-741.